Tài liệu Analizing Grammar of English tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớn về tất cả các...
[...]... 00i-xiv.Teschner.FM.indd xi 4/2/07 6:02:41 PM Introduction Analyzing the Grammar of English (which we abbreviate AGE) is an analysis of the grammar of a particular language (English) and not an introduction to linguistics whose examples end up coming from English A textbook and not a reference grammar, AGE also constitutes a reasonably brief examination of its topics that the authors’ classroom experience has shown... Introduction grammar, ” they must learn and conform to the standards that were said to typify the language of the most prestigious speakers of their wider speech community (The standards have many names, including the judgmental “good grammar ; we call them standard written English. ) In contrast to prescriptive grammar is the form of language analysis known as descriptive grammar; this is the type of analysis... prescriptive grammarian would simply condemn them out of hand, whereas a descriptive grammarian seeks to describe the conditions under which they are produced and the phonetic processes by which Did you eat yet? gets changed into Jeet jet? AGE, then, is a frankly descriptive grammar that, nonetheless, is fully aware of prescriptivist norms Above all AGE seeks to analyze the grammar of English so that... similar but are not pronounced identically: the [t ] of ε of tell ([t εl]), the [t] of style ([stajl]), the [t¯] of wait ([wet¯]), and the [D] of waiting ([weDiŋ]) Each of these four—[t t t¯ D]—possesses a different sound and thus qualifies as a different phone However, if we substitute one of these phones for another, we do not change the meaning of the word; thus a [t ] in a word like tell (mispronounced... skills-building classes—developmental English or advanced ESOL—and serve its users as a review grammar as well as a course in the morphosyntactic analysis of English So while AGE’s main target populations continue to be majors in linguistics or its allied disciplines (English, communication, education, etc.) for whom a course in English grammatical analysis will always form part of a welldesigned curriculum,... critiques and evaluations of the second edition, evaluations that have aided us greatly in the revisions that gave rise to the present work And our very special thanks go out to Prof Rebecca Babcock of the University of Texas of the Permian Basin, who on several occasions has generously sent us dozens of helpful and useful suggestions; Michael Bromka (Carlsbad, New Mexico), a friend of the textbook since... important, capable of becoming a diphthong (a single-syllable combination of two closed vowels or of one closed and one nonclosed vowel) (A lax vowel—one not articulated with greater muscular tension and not capable of becoming a diphthong—is the direct opposite of a tense vowel.) When a tense vowel is articulated, the tongue begins a bit low but can change position, gliding upward toward the roof of the mouth... amount or quantity of whatever the following noun denotes Quantifiers (and the unit words that behave like quantifiers) occur right before or after the determiners that appear at the beginning of noun phrases: several failures, many children, many of the children, their many children, much effort, lots of paper, few elephants, the few elephants, gallons of dirty polluted water, tons of fun, etc PREPOSITION... relationships including those of space, time, and degree The twenty most common English prepositions are (in alphabetical order): at, about, above, against, around, before, below, between, 001-030.Teschner.01.indd 14 4/2/07 6:05:27 PM The Most Important Parts of Speech 15 by, for, from, in, of, on, over, through, to, toward(s), under, and with Here are some examples of prepositions and some of what they express:... (Several chapters of the third edition have been revised extensively to achieve this; this is especially true of the largely rewritten chapter 1.) In essence, grammar is the analysis of language elements that convey meaning These elements include sounds (phonetics and phonology), individual words (the lexicon), the constituent meaningful elements of words (morphology), the arrangement of words into phrases, . the Grammar of English (which we abbreviate AGE) is an analysis of the grammar of a particular language (English) and not an introduction to linguistics whose examples end up coming from English. . judgmental “good grammar ; we call them standard written English. ) In contrast to prescriptive grammar is the form of language analysis known as descriptive grammar; this is the type of analysis. jet? AGE, then, is a frankly descriptive grammar that, nonetheless, is fully aware of prescriptivist norms. Above all AGE seeks to analyze the grammar of English so that its users understand how