200 BÀI TẬP HÓA 10 (KHTN HN)

nnr ON TrlP LAN tr-HoA 10-10/2010 gai t) Tinh brin kinh gAn dirng cria nguydn tu Fe vd Au. Cho khOi lugng ri€ng cua kim loai Fe vd Au ld i",g7-etrrl vd 1.9.32.g7c*'. Cii thiet tiong-tinh thri cdc nguydn tu Fe vd Au ld nhiing hinh ciu chi6m 75% th6 tictr tinh th6, phin con l4i ld c6c khe rSng giira c6c qui ciu. Cho bitit nguydn tfr kh6i cira Fe 1A 55,85 vd cria vdns la 196.97. Bni 2. cniitit so Avogadro N:6,022.id23. 1. Hd.y cho biiit trong t0 molAl c6 bao.nhi€u 1g_W€n tu Al? 2. ,ni6t rdng l0 mol Al co khdi lugng bing269,7 gam. H6y tinh kh6i lu-ong mol nguydn tir cria Al. Bii 3.J 1. Tfnh ti so hat mang di€n vh khdng mang di6n trong ion llr"'* . 2. Cho cdc ki hi€u nguy€n trl iH, '3O , i]p. Trong.phan til HrPOotdng sd hat rnang di€n nhidu hcn tdng so hat kh6ng mang di€n li bao nhi0u hat? \/ - eei +JCho c;ic ki higu nguy€n ttr: $Br ; ilK; flAr. Hdy xiic dinh s6 proton, s6 notron, s6 electron vi diQn tich h4t nhain nguy'€n tfi'cia chirng. ili'sJXacdntt-ro p torono notron, electron c6 trong c6c h4t sau: i iH '3o i;r "lcr'* 'l'ae'lZeu ?3K.i$ca'?. !!er- co3- Poi H2po;, Bii 6.'X6c dinh tdng si5 hpt co trong cdc ph6n tri', ion sau: 02. s2-, SO2, Soi-, HzSOl. Cho iXO ; i:S Bni 7.vMOt nguydn tu cria nguy€n t0 X cO tdng s6 h4t proton, nstron vi eleotron li 115, trong d6 s6 h4t mang diQn nhiAu hon 15 trat kh6ng mang diQn ld 33 hat. Hiy chr: bi6t sO h4t proton, notron'vlt electron c6 trons X vir tinh so khdi cua X. \, Bni 8./T6ng s6 hat proton, ncrtron vd ele,ctroncria I nguy€n tft R le 76, trong dd s6 h4t rnang diQn nhi€u hon s6 hpt khdng ming ctign ln 20. Hdy cho bi6t: 1. Sd hat ptoton, notron vd electron c6 trong R vi tinh sO ttrOi cta R. 2. Tfir.tty cdc mitc ning lugng vd cAu hinh electron nguydn tft R." Bni 9./Vi6t c6u hinh electron nguydn tt cria c6c nguy€n t6 c6 d4c diiim sau: 1. C6 tdng sti cdc electron trong cdc phan lop p ld 7. 2. C6 t6ng s0 c6c electron trong c;ic phfln lqo s li 5. 3. Ld nguy€n t0 p, c<i 4 i6p eiectron vdi 3 eiectron ti iop ngoAi ci)ng. 4. LA nguydn 1d p, c6 4 l6p electron vdi 3 electron o'phdn lop ngoii cing. 5. Ld nguy€n t0 s, c6 4 l6p electrc,n v6i I electron o 16p ngodi ctrng. 6, ,!d nguy.en t5 d, c6 4l6p electron vdi 1 electron o lop. ngodi cirng Bni fulT6ng.s6 h4t co b6n cria nguy€n tu cria mQt nguydn td R ld 21. BiCt sd kh6i cria nguy€n tri chia h€t clio 2. Vitit cAu hinh eiectron nguy€n tri cria nguy€n t6 R (dang chfi', d4ng 0 iucmg tfr', d4ng thu gqn) vd x6c dlnf si5 electron dQc thdn trong v6 nguy€n tir" Bei11:Choc6crrguy0ntOhOahgcctisOtrigunguydnttr Zi:8, 11, L4, 17,2A,16, i8,26.Hdy chohi6t chirng ld kim.loai, phi kim hay khi hi6m. Vi sao'/ Cho hi6t trong ciic phdn ftng h6a hgc chfng c6 xu hur:ng nhu th€ ndo? Bni ii:Ba nguy€n tO A, B, C c6 sd hiQir nguy€n t*'id 3 s6 tr-r nhi6n li€n ti6p. T0ng sO e cria chring ld 5 i. Hby vi6t c6u hinh e vd cho bitlt t€n cira chring. BAi 13: L Cho biet K, Mg, Al thuOc nh6m IA, IIA, IILA. H6y xd'c dinh sO electron ngoii ctng ctra c6c ion Na*, Mg2*, Al3*. Chring c6 chung cdu hinh e vdi khi hi€m nho? 1: Cno bidt Cl; S thuoc nh6m VIIA vb VIA. Xdc dinh sd e ngohi cr)ng c&a ci4c ion Cl vd S1. Cdu hinh dv sidns cau hinh cria khi tro nho? g1i f 4.ftieti6u ninn electron cira ciic cdp nguydn t6 c6 sO hiQu nguy€n tri ld: 2,10; 14,20; 8.18; 17,35. - Nh{n }i.dt vA s6 electron l6p ngoii cung ctia tirng c4p. tr,t6i cflp c6ch nhau bao nhi€u nguy€n t6? - Cdp ndo la kim loqi. phi kim hay khf hi€m? Cap ndo li nguydn td kh6i s. g? Bni 15./ A*, B, C-dAu c6 cdu hinh electron o lcp r,,o ngoai ciurg ld 3s'3po. Viiit cdu hinh,electron nguy€n tu cugA, B, C. eei (/fOng sO h4t (p), (e), (n) trong nguy€n tu'cria nguy€n t6 y ta 28. Trong rJo hgt khdng mang diQn chitiil 35,71Vo. Hdy mO ti criu t4o nguydn trl'cfia nguy0n.tO d6, vi6t ki hi€u nguydn tri vd vi€t cdu hinh electgn cua Y. B^i(i/Nguy6n tt'cria nguy€n tO X c6 t6ng sd electron trong c6c phAn ldp p ld 7. Ngyy0! tri cria nguySn t6 Y"c6 t6ng sO hat mang iign ntri6u hon i6ng s6 hat niang <liQn cfia X lA I hat. Vi6t c6tr hinh electron nguyeq trlr cua oic nguy€n td X vd Y. Bni lS.)MQt nguy0n tu R co tbng sd hqt rirang di6n vd hgng mang di€n ld 34, trong 116 s0 h4t mang di€n gdp 11833 lAn sO trat kh6ng mang diQn. Xfc dinh nuuy€n td R vd vi€t cdu hinh electron nguyCn tu cira R. 1rir{ ,^\ Bni@9l Nguy€n tri nguy€n t6 X cO t6ng s6 h4t bing 82. Trong h4t nhdn nguy€n tu, h4t khdng mang di6n nhiAu hon hat mang diQn ld 4 hpt. t. Vii5t ki hi$u nguydn tri cria X. ViSt c5u hinh electron cta X, c6c ion X'*,X'* . 2. !6c dinh s6 electron dQc thdn, electron hoil tr!, electron lop ngodi cirng trong nguy€n tu X. ,.,d BhiQg. Cho bi€t t6ng s6 electron trong ion AB3- le 42. Trong cric hat nhdn nguy€n tu A cflng nhu B s6 proton bing s0 notron. ft6 L H 1r l. Tinh sd khdi cta A vd B. Cho bi6t ki hiQu nguy€n tri cira A vd B. 2n),/i€tc6u hinh electron, sg phdn bO cria electron vao c6c obitan nguydn tt cria cdc nguy€n t6 A, B. Bili(zl)Cho ciic nguy€n trl R vi M. R c6 sd khdi ld 56, tdng sd hat p, n, e trong ion R2* le 80 hat. 56 hat manfdiOn cira R nhidu hon sd hat mang di€n cira M ld 18 hat. SO hat notron cfia R nhi6u hon hat notron cira M ld 10 hal 1 \I:.d+ l-a L:A,, , ,A- +Jr ^*^ D 1\,f l. v lul N rluu u6uJvtt Lu vu4 l\, lyl. 2. /iet cdu trintr-etectron nguy€n trl cta R. M. Bili 22( a. Trong tu nhi€n brom c6 hai etdng vl .b€n: ]lBr chi6m 50,69%0 siS nguy€n d va $ nr chi6m 49,3lyo s6 nguyOn tu. Tim nguydn fii kh6i (NTK) trung binh c0a brom. b. Ddng c6 hai cl6ng v! b€n ilcu vir ilcu. NTK trung binh cria d6ng ld 63,54. Tinh thinh phAn % sti nguydn tti cria m6i dOng vi. c. NTK trung binh c0a brom ld7g,gl. Brom c6 hai rt6ng vi, cl6ng vi l', Br -chi6m 54,5yo s6 nguy€n tri. Tinh NTK cria tt6ng vi ths2. BAi 23.vAgon t6ch ra tri kh6ng khi la h5n hqp ba d6ng vi vdi % s6 nguy6 tt t&: 99,i%o oo Ar; 0,063Yo 3E Ar ; 0,337Yo tu Ar .TinhthC tich cria 15 gam Ar o dktc. neiZ+lOxig0m 3 lo4i ddng vi: '3O Nguy€n tft kh6i 15,9950 'lo 16,9992 'to o-20v" 17,9993 Ti lF, oti sA norrv6n fri 99.760/" O^O4o/" HAy tinh nguy€n tt kh6i cta oxi (tinh chinh x6c vd tinh gin ttfng). Biri 25.'Cho cdc ki hi€u nguy€n tti sau: ',;A;;e'io 1;s ?!c fis ilr'!r 13lr''2r 1ZM'ie'ln flr ?3x ?3i Iim14p hqp c6c d6ng vl. C6 bao nhi6u nguy€n tti h6a hgc trong s6 c6c nguy€n tu ndulr€n? Bni 26./Mbt nguy€n t5 X gOm 2 ddng vi c6 s5 nguy6n tu ilr fe vJi nhau ftrni:z3. Hat nhdn ct6ng v!thf nh6t chria 35 (p) vd 44 (n). Hpt nhdn ddng vl thri 2 chr?a nhiAu hon 2 (n). X6c dinh NTK trung binh c0a nguyip,t6 X. BniQl,i Nguydn t6 M c6 3 ddng vl vdi tdng sO ttroi ld75.Xhc dinh sd khiii cta m6i lo4id6ng vikhi bi6t: - 56 nguy€n tu cria ddng vi I chi}m]9o/ot6ng s6 nguy€n tri vd bing 7,9ldn st5 nguy€n tu ddng vi2. - HiQu sd notron cfia tt6ng vi 3 vd dOng vi I h 2. ATK trung binh cria nguy€n tO M le 24,32. BIii2SlHda tarr hoin toirr 6,082 garn rnQf kini loai X (h6a ti'i 2) vio HCI du thi; ,Juo-c 5,6lit H2 (clktc). qkhc dinh kim lopi X. b) X c6 ba cl6ng vi. Bi€t t6ng s6 kh6i cta 3 dOng vi ld 75. 5.6 kh6j cria d6ng v!thr? hai bing trung binh cQng s5 kh6i cria hai ddng vi kia. Ddng vi thri nhAt cO sti 1p; beng s6 1n). Edng vi thri ba chiilm ll,4% s6 ' 'i) nhi€u hori d6ng vi thri hai ld mQt don vi. Tim sO khOi va sO 1n) cria m6i loai d6ng nguyen tu va co so (r vi. Tinh % vA s6 nguy6n tri cria hai d6ng vicdn l4i. cp\hi c6 50 nguy€n tti cria ddng vithf hai thi c6 bao nhi€u nguy€n hi cria c6c ddng vi con l4i? BniQgiNguy€n tri kh6i trung binh cria hidro diAu ch6 clugc tu m6t loai nu6c ld 1,008 vi chi gdm 2 loai ddng vi iH vit iH. Tfnh - Ti lC s5 nguy€n tri cfa hai d6ng vi trong m5u hidro cli6u chtS ctuoc. i - Trong 100 gam (hoic 100 ml) nu6c n6itr€n c6 bao nhi6u nguy€n tu cl6ng vi ?.U ? Bitit O:16,000. , :. I rl - Tfnh 7i, i.ihoi iugng ddng vi ;ii co trong io4i nudc ndy. - Tiqh sd gam cl6ng v! | U co trong 90,04 gam nudc loai nay Bni 301a. Hiclro co ba d6ng vi li r'H, ,'H vd r3H. oxi c6 ba d6ng vi ld s16o, stto vd stso. Vi6t c6ng thftc c6c loaiph6n tu nuoc. Trong nudc t.u nhi6n, io4i nudc c6'ph6n tft kh6i nho nh6t ld bao nhi€u? b. Trong tu nhi6n oxi c6 ba <16ng, vi 'f O ; '!o ;'r'O, cacbon c6 hai d6ng vi 2c; '2c. Hoi c6 thri c6 bao nhi€u loai phdn trl khi cacbonic hgp thdnh tu cric ct6ng vi tr€n? Vi6t c6ng thric ph6n tu vd tinh phAn tri khdi cria chring. Bni 52.t4lai nguydn tO A, B thuQc hai nh6m li€n ti6p trong BTH, B thuQc nh6m V. O tr4ng.thdi eton ch6t A, B khdng t6c dgng v6'i nhau, t6ng diQn tich hat nhdn cria hai nguy€n tti la 23. Xiic dinh s6 hi€u nsuvOn tu;;6, ;?r., iint'.r tron nguy€n tu cua A,. B. | ' nei SgYCno 8,8 gam h6n hgp hai kim lo4inim d hai chu ki ke tit5p vd thuQc nh6m IIA, t6c dgng vdi HCI du thi thu ctugc 6,72lit khi hielro (dktc). Dr,ra vdo bAng HTTH, xiic clinh 2 kim loqi dd cho. Bni 54./ H6n hqp X gdm hai kim lo4i kiAm thuQc hai chu ki k€ tii5p nhau. LAy 6,2 gam X phin img vdi HzO du thu dugc2,24lit khi (dktc). Tim hai kim lo4i d6. e1i SSJHSn hgp X gdm mu6i cacbonat c0a haikim lo4i kiAm th6 thuQc hai chu ki li€n ti6p. Cho 14,2 gam X,tlic dung vdi HCI du thu dugc 3,36lit COz (dktc). Tim hai kim lo4i. [e,i SOY Cho llq gam h6n hgp mu5i cdobonat vd hidrocacbonat cria kim loai kiAm M t6c dgng hiit voi dung dich HCI du thu tluo. c 0,448 lit knf (dktc). Tim kim lo4i M. r tilrrx L A -A*'u^i *,.A: ^^^t ^nar ni,a l^oi I'i- lnoi -hA- IIA thrrAn hoi nhrr Li kA tiAn *nno ttat J t; I ltrlt rrvp n 6urtr rr4r lllsvt w4vvvlr4! vus rrer r\urr rv:.r rr^rvr^r BTH. Cho 7,2 gam,{ hou tan h6t trong dung dich HzSO+ lo6ng thu dugc khi B. Cho todn bQ khi B h6p thu h6t bdi 450 ml dung dich Ba(OH)z 0,2M thi thu dugc 15,76 gam k6t tria. Tim hai kim lo4i vd tfnh phAn trpm t<trOi tuqngrn-5i *uOitrong A. bei,6Slf6"g sO trAt (p), (n), (e) trong 2 nguy€n tri kim lo4i A, B ld 142. Trong d6 t6ng sO h4t mang diQn nhiYu hon t6ng sd traf tctrOng mang eign lA 42. Sd h4t mang <tiQn cta nguy€n t& B nhiOu hon cria Ald 12. Xdc dinbvi tri cria A, B trong BTH. Bni si.f-Jguy€n tu e cO c6u hinh (e) ngodi cirng lir 3pa. Tj'lg s6 (n) vd s6 $) ld l:1. NquVen tri B c6 sd (n):1,25 lAn s6 (n) cria A. Khi cho 7,8 gam B t6c dqng vdi lugng du A ta dugc 1l gam hgpch6t B2A. Xric dlnh s6 ttrOi cta A, B vd vi tr( c0a A, B trong BTH. neri Oo/Cno Fe (Z:26), Ni (Z:28) vd ddu c6 2 ilectron o lop ngodi cirng trong c6u hinh elebtron. Vitit cAu hinh electroncua Fe, Fe2*, Fe3*, Ni, Ni2*. Xec dinh vitri cia Fe vd Ni trong BTH. @Ut6t. Cho 3 nguy€n t6e, g, C ctng thuQc phAn nh6m A vd thuQc 3 chu ki li€n tii5p. TOng s6 h4t proton cria A, F, C Uing ZO. Ggit6n c6c nguy€n t6 A, B, C. ' ^, ;y',''- :al-4 r-r r- -t-^ ^ ,1- uo-^.',^ ^:^-^ 4-*A^:,1.^:al-^+-^-,{A^+L6-,&l/nncniinirnc '''dI IJL; n4) Vrgt 9a1Ll rllllll C;lG;\/u\rlr trSuJlrr rs wu4 v4w uSsJlrr rv vv rrsr vrvvlrvrr eYv garsar v rvH rrbvea Y$^^D vdi di€u,ki€ n Z40. X6c dinh v! tri c6c nguy€n t5 trong BTH. Bad Og./'Cho 3 nguy€n td-X, Y, {.9 3 l6p electron trong vo nguy€n tri, cAu hinh electron o ldp ngodi cung4LrrJng ung ld ns', ns'npto nstnp'. H6y xdc dinh vi hi cua X,.{, Z hong BTF{. B i(g/. fdng i6 h4t proton, ncrtron, electron trong nguy€n tri cria mQt nguy6n t5ld34, trong h4t nhdn ngu/Cn tu sftrat khOng mang cliQn nhi€u hon sO hpt mang cliQn khdng qu6 2 electron. - - Vi6t c6u hinh eleitron vi sgphdn b6 ctia electron vio ciic obitan nguy€n tu. - Xric tlinh vitri cria nguy€n t6 trong BTH, tinh chdt ho6 hgc co bin cria nguy€n tO d6. Bii 6t/MOt nguy€n tO dcO c6u hinh-electron nguy€n t& lop ngodi cirng le 3s23p3. Trong hqp ch6t vdi hidro cira nsuy€n t0 dO cO 8,82V'oH theo khSi luqng. X6c clinh NTK cria R vd vi tri cfia R trong PTH Bni 66.4,{guy6n tu cira nguy6n t6 X c6 tdng si5 hpt gric loai ld 60, sd h4t naang diQn trong het nhdn bdngsd h4t kh6ng mang diQn. Nguy€n tu cria nguy€n t5 Y c6 9 electron tr€n c6c phan bp p. Nguy9n tu nguy€n t6.Z c6 4 rr"n otantuan ,,n nA I eiectron o lop ngcdi cr)ng. Ion E2* co,phdn lop electron ngoA.i cung hong cAu hinh l\JU lllvuulr l4 !w electron ld 3p6 Nguy€n tO f' thugc kh6i d, chu ki 4, trong cAu hinh electron cta ion khdng c6 elechon dOc th6n. Nguy€n tO d co t6ng ,6 .i."t.on OiOp tnn'3 trong cAu hinh electron nguy€n tri la 16. Dyat€n c6u hinhplecltron, cho bii5t v! tri cua crlc nguy€n tO X, Y, Z. E F, G trong BTH. B;t@. iG 16 t a, proton, notroi, electron trong ion n. ta qr h4! trong d6 ti 19 s5 Wr5i vd s5 electron Ua"iq,+. ia"q Ainn ki hiQu nguyen tu, c6u,hinh.eteitron nguy€n tt vi v!tri cria nguy:tg R trong.BTH' njiOS.fe va e ia hai nguydi lO O trai nh6m kti tii5p thuQc hai chu ki li€n tit5p trong BTH. T6ng s6 proton trong h4t nh6n nguy€n t-o.nu A vd B ld 3i. Hay xi,c dinh vi tri c0a hai nguy-6n t5 A, B trong BTH vd vitit c6u hinh electron cria chring' 't cau hinh erectron c0a nguyen tri nguyen td / Bni 69/Nguy€n td X 6 chu ki 3, nh6m VA cria BTH. Vie crrns-nh6m thuQc 2 chu ki ki5 ti6p (tr6n vd du6i) iOi nguyen tO X' (;ru)rr;;ffi;6 i irong is niiibii c6 3 ,Jdng vi vo'iti lQ s5 nguyen tri la 92,3.9/,,4.7.94 ,-a 39lo' T0ng sd RE6ictra c6 3 d6ng vi ld 87. T6ng kh6i lugng cua 20 lguyen fii tiL 562,14 u (ho4c dYtl. )o lT.nTton ;.,rs;*,.rta" aarig vlthti z nhi€rihcrn trong h4t nhdn <l6.ng vl thri nh6t ld I haj TlY .:: di* s6 kh6i cfia ;G ;'il uitren."ouu vdo BTH ggit€n n[uy€n t6 x n6u biet o d6ng v!co so thoi nho nhAt s6 proton = i ,,.i, ,A so norron. v rsr sau hinh e vdx6c dinh vi tri cira X hong BTH' I ;;iti. nqp .tt6t e co c6ng thtic d4ng MX, trong d6 M chitim 46,67vovA tctrOi lu-o,ng. M.ld kim lopi, X ld phi kim c6 3 lcrp e trong nguyen tt. HAJ nh6n M c6 n-p:4. ggtL"ll:91':P' (n, p, n', p' ld s0 notron ia proton cria nguy6n t,i M vd X). T6ng s6 proton trong MXu la 58. viet cdu hinh e cfia M, X vd xic rlinh vi tri cfia M X trons BTH. B^l3l.clo trong tq nhi6n co hai ddng v! ld 35cl :?^:St:\euyen tir kh6i c0a clo la 35'5' H6i 35cl chib#bao nhi€u % kh6i lu.gng trong KClor; uong HClo+. Biiilnluycn rfi kh6i cta K, o, H lan lugt ld 39, 16\1. B^i6?).Neuv€n t* X c6 t6ng sO hpt bdng 126' SO hat (n) nhiAu hon sO hat (e) ln 12 h4t' uirinn ro p vd s6 kh6i ctra x' b) Nguy6n t6 ndy girm 3 d6ng Ii.I, Y, z. s6 kh6icua X bing trung binhcQng.cria so t"3oi c'6aY vdz' tliQu s0 (n) c6a-Y vd Z g?pZ't}n sO (p) cria.irguy€n tri'h.idro' Tinh s6 kh6i cua Y vd Z' R i6/ph6t bi€u dinh lu4t tuan hodn. N€u qui ru4t bi€n ooi tinrr li* toai, tinh phi kim; su bi6n d6i va ffiH,'#ielililint u*i,-uuro cta oxit va iridroxit cta ciic nguven 15 qons. BTH Bir(fiGgi t6n, vi€t ki hisu nguy€n t,i;;ib;;6u rtintr ereciron cria t6t ia"a" nguv€n t6 thuQc phdn nh6il-IA, VTTA, VIIIA. Trong BTH ;; phan nh6m A ndo g6m c6c kim lo4i' c6c phi kim' c5c khi hi€m? Bii 35j-il sinh, gi6i thich tinh bazo c0a c6c hiclroxit sau: ") Kdri, N"oH, Mg(oH)2' b) KoH' ca(oH)z' Al(oH)3 Biri 36.,iSo s6rrh, giai th(ch tinh axit crha ciic hidroxit sau: rnrn u) HrPOo, HzSO+' HCIO+ b) HzS.iOr' HrPO+' HNOr Bei 3Z.dSo s6nh, gi6i thich tinh axit ctra c6c hqp chdt sau: a) PHr, HzS, HCI b) HF' HCI' HBr' HI Biri 38l,So srinh brln kinh cta c6c ion, nguyen"tu luu' -dt , i.,Ne, Na*' Yt* ' an3*' Ciai tnich' Bni 39rSo sann, giailr,i"h: tfnh tim ioai,io 6m diQn cria c6c.nguy€n t6' b6n kinh cira c6c nguy€n tu sau: ,.,- a) K, Na, Mg b) K, ivfg' aL Cs . c) Ca Al' Si \' Bhi 40.'So s6nh, giii thich: tinh phi kim,;O ffi diin cira c6c nguyen ti5'-b6n kinh cria c6c nguy€n tft sau: ,- "lsf,'N,o. ^-!lP,b,0'F,. ")P'S'Cl'F i Bni 4fl cho cic nguvdn t6: o (Z:8i; Nu'tZ+'l); Al (Z1\tbtk:tl); Ar (Z:18) ;ca(z:20\;Ti g:zil, cr (z=24),;pi (z:zo); cu (z:29\; zn (z=30)' ,,.,A- rA /Lim lnni nhi a) H6y vi€t cdu hinh e cria c6c gsuvin d, itt" uie,loqi nguy€n to (kim lo4i,phi kim hav khi hi€m)' b) [6c dinh v! tri cic .nBuy€n td irong BTH' (6 thtl.bao nhi€u' chu ki' nh6m)' Rhi 42ycho c6c ";;ild;?i.r," r.i j:;a; vre; q1l chu ki'3, nh6m VIIIA; (Z) chu ki 4, nh6m rA' viiit c6u hinh electron vi x6c dinh s6 "r ti"" iop ngoai'.irng *al'"g"ven tft. cL; biiSt nguy€n ti5 niu ii kim [o4i, plri ki.m, k.hi hi6m? Vi sao? i. -,- - r:.{+ ,^^r rv nhi kim). neuv.n t ' Bni 43fviCt cdu hinh electron c6c nguyen tft, cho bi€t.lo4i nguy€n t6 6im lopi hay phi kim)' nguyen t6 ,fr"O" khAi;ao is, p, d, f1? BiiSt nguy6n t6 c6 c6c tlflc tli6m sau: A: chu ki 2, nh6m IVA X: chu ki 4' nh6m VIB B: chu ki 3, nh6m IIA Y: chu ki 4' nh6m VIIB C: chu ki 4, nh6m IIA Z: chuki 4' nh6m VIIIB' c6 4e tlQc thAn D: chu ki 4, nh6m VIIA T: chu ki 4' rih6m VIIIB' c6 3e dOc thdn Bii aa!a.llin^."; nhat cria mQt nguy€n to ia nor, trong hgp chat cira n6 v6i hidro co 5,B8yo hidro v€ n'ait*t;f:#,"m-#,ffi:"tla mQt nguy€n t6 ra RHa. oxit cao nhat cria n6 ch*a 53,,3Yooxi vc khoi lugng. tim nguY€n 16 io' I Bei 45."R ld nguy€n tO nh6m IIA. Trong hqp ch6t v6i oxi, R."ht:l.7,':a?.'( vC t<h6i lugng' X6c illnh nguy€n tri kh6i .,1;'1. ri3;cho 16 eu,n fi. ti" oung v6.i nu6c du. Tinh thoi luqng hiclroxit, the tich khi $ll?J,[lSH to R co oxit cao nnat ra Ro2, trong hqp $at v6i hidro thi Rchi€m 87,svo va nrroi lusns' X6c rrlnh nguyen',ii'*rAr n. c,i;;;A; td'nguy-cn it_n c6 J (n) bane s6 b)' vi6t c6u hinh electron ;**.ryrn-T;1""i'i?lTl;ffi:Ti*:!:i!T"'#-b: Ao* Aov rrong d6 phil tram khdi rusng oxi rAn luqt rd 50oi vit 60vo- xac einh "g'.rve" ,a R vn J6ng thuc phdn ttr c.a 2 oxit,2 hidroxit tuong img' Bii 48.,x ua v ra ;i;;rr"id il;;3-iiep ,rit"" ,rorig met'chu ki trong.BrH. r6ng so proton cria chring lit.Z;.Xitcii"rr rAi16" nguvcn ti ua ui6i c6u hinh electron nguy€n tu cira X' Y' Bni 49.tK vd Y ld hai nguy€n t0 thu.c cni*;Oi;h6- | vl th.u.c hui "ttu ki li€n ti6p trong BTH' T6ng s6 prglon cua chirng ld 32. X6c flnrr so nt?-""*ta" ly yi :r,., c6u hinh electron nguy€n tu cua X' Y' Bii bCI phdn t0'XzY c6 t6ng s6 tt* pr"i"" fi"l' BiCt X' Y d 2 nh6m A li€n ti6p trong cirng mQt chu ki' iitn qong thftc cua hgp chAt XzY' ^ : .L A^ L.^i nre' rzi liAn tiAn trons BTH. Ti Bnig/ X vi Y fa t"i"gtVC"iO11 o-" cirng mQt nhgm-f vd thuQc hai chu ki lien ti6p trong BTH' T6ng cti'n tich hat nnan ctru x-ua y h 58. xa" aiitt"itri cria X, y trong bdng tuan troan (kh.rlq dirns BTH)' /' Bn(72./MOt hqp ch6t cAu tqo tt M2* vd ion X Trong phdn tu MX2 c6 t6ng s0 hat (p, n, e) ld 186 h4t, tron$ il6 sO h4t mang cli€n nhiAu hon sO npt kh6ng mang diQn la 54 h4t. S5 tctrOi cua ibn Mr* l6n hon s6 khOi cria ion X- ld 21. T6ng sO h4t trong ion M2* nhidu hon trong ion X- ld 27. Viet cliu hinh e cfia ion M2*,X-,{ec dinh sO thri tu, s6 chu ki, nh6m cria M vd X trong BTH. Bni 73.'Tdng s6 h4t trong ion R* la 57. Trong nguy€n tri R, sd hat mang cli6n nhidu hon sO h4t kh6ng mang cliQn Id.18 hat. a) Tiry s6 h4t p, tr, o cria R. b) Viet c6u hinh electron cta R, n n ld kim,loai hay phi kim? R li nguy€n tr5 thudc idi6i ndo? c) Xic <tinh vi tri cta R trong BTH. Bni 74.tifhd ndo ld li6n kOt ion? Cho vi du. Li6n kdt ion du-o.c hinh rhdnh rt nhftng nguy€n ttr nio? D[c didm cira hqp chat ion? Bii 75.'/Hay viiit so dO bieu di6n sr,r hinh thdnh c6c ion sau tir c6c nguydn tu tuong ung. Nh{n xdt si5 electron l6p ngodi cirng cria cilc ion. a) Na*, Mg2*, Al3*, K, ca2*, Ba2*. b) F, cl-, Ba, o2-, s2 Bni 76.'HAy gidi thich sg hinh thinh li€n,ki5t gifra ciic nguy€n tri c6c nguy€n td sau: a)KviCl b)CavdS c)MgvnO B^i77YThd nio li li€n kdt cong hod tri? Lion kdt cong hoi{ tri c6 cuc? Li€n kdt c6ng ho6 rri kh6ng cuc? Li0n kdt cho-nhdn? N€u vf du. BAi 78.'1. Phdn biQt su xen phri &uc vd xen phri b6n; li€n ki5t rtch ma(o) vd li6n kiit pi (n\; li6n kiit tlon, li€n t<6t OOi vd li€n k6t ba. Cho vf dr,r minh hga. 2.Tinhs6 li6n k6t o, li€n ktit r trong cic chitsau: CFIa, C3Hs, C2FI), C2H2, CH3COOH, HCN. Bni TgIBang hinh vC mO tA su xen phir obitan nguyOn tu tao ra li€n kdt trong c6cphAn tt sau: H2, Clj, 02, N2, HCl, H2S. Bni SOyT?i sao nito ld mQt ch6t ktri tuong tltii tro d nhiet dQ thuong? ViiSt c6ng thfc c6p tpo, cOng tht?c electron cria c6c phdn tu NH3, NH4C1, HNO3 .'X6c dinh h6a tri, Sd oxi h6a cira nito trohg cdc chdt d6. Bni 81.'Th.5 ndo ld sy lai h6a? ltinh bdy 3 ki6u lai h6a ctd cluo. c hgc. M6 tA su hinh thdnh li6n k6t ho6 hoc, x6c dinh hinh d4ng c6c phdn tft sau theo thuy6t lai ho6 trong c6c trudng hgp sau: a) BeHz b) BF3 c) CH4 d) NH: - e-) HzQ D COA E) CzH+ it) CzHz Bni 82. 1. Li6n kdt kim loai lh gi? Hdy so s6nh gita: li€n kdt ion, li€n k6t cQng h6a trivd li6n irSt kim loai. 2. Hdy so siinh gita c6c dang tinh thi-l ion, tinh th€ nguy€n tri, tinh th6 phdn tri, tinh th6 kim logi (kh6i niQm, bin ch6t lgc 1i6n ki5t, d{c tti{m) vd cho vi dg. Bni ffi. 1. Giai thich tai sao naptalen vi ibt tai dd thang hoa nhng kh0ng din di6n, trdi 14i NaCl l4i rdt kh6 thing hoa nhung lai ddn diOn khi n6ng chiy ? Z.Hdy nOu nhAn xdt chung vd trang thdi (& didu ki€n thucrng); nhiQt dQ n6ng chiy; nhiet dO s6i; dg d6n di€n ; khi ndng hba tan ffong nudc crta cdc hqp chdt ion. Bdi 84. Phdn biQt kh6i niQm s6 oxi h6a vd h6a tr!cfa nguydn t6 trong hqp chAt h6a hgc. Vi0t c6ng thric c6u tao circ ch6t sau, x6c dinh ho6 tri c6c nguydn t6 trong c6c hqp ch6t. a) SO2, SO3, H2SO3, H2SOa. b) Nz, NO, NO2, NzOs, HNO3, NFI4NO3. Bn@) Dua vio dO dm di€n, hdy nOu bin chdt liOn kdt trong c6c phAn trl vh ion sau: Nr, AgCl, HBr, NH3, H2O2,HCIO, KHS, HCO3-, MI4CI. Cho bidt dQ Arn di€n cira c6c nguy€n td tucng ring rlhu sau: K=0,8; H=2,): C=2,5: S=2,5; Cl=3,0; O=3,5; N=3,0; Ag = 0,9; Cl =3,0; H= 2,1: O = 3,5; N = 3,0; Br = 2,8. B^i69. Dua vho clo dm di6n, hdy s6p xOp theo chidu tang c10 phAn cuc cira li€n kdt gifa 2 nguyOn trl trong phAn tir c6c chdt sau: CaO, MgO, CH4, AlN, Nr, NaBr, BCl3, AlCl3. PhAn trt chdt nho c6 chr(a liOn kdt ion'? li€nkdtc6ngh6atrikhdngcuc,c6cuc?(ChodOdmdi€nctraO=3,5;Cl-3,0;Br=2,8:Na=0,9; Mg =1,2 i Ca= 1,0 ; C =2,5 ;H=2,1 ; Al = 1,5 ; N,= 3,.B - 2,0). Bni\87 Hdy vii5t c6ng thric electron vd cdng thri'c c6u tao cria c6c phdn tri sau: (cho nh6n xdt s5 electron l6p ri-go.ai cirng cria ciic nguy€n tri trong phdn tu) a. H2, N2, 02, Cl". b. cHa, NH1, H2O , HF. d. CH3OH, HCN, HCOOH. e. CO, NO, NO2, SO3, HNO:. c"- COr, SO2, C2H4, C2H2. g. BeH2, BH3, PCl5, SF6. Bii6ft. Tir ho6 tri cira c6c nguy€n td hdy vidt CTCT cia cic chdt sau: CaOClr, AI(OH)3, FeSOo, CaQ, Al4cr. Hrso4. H3Po4" H2sc)3. H3POj. Eii,89. Tfnh so oxi ho6 cua:. a) Clo trong c6c hop chet: HCl, HCIO, HClOz, HClOr, HClOa, KClOr, KCIO4. b) Luu huj,nh trong c6c hqp ch6t: H2S, SO2, SO:, HzSO:, H2SOa, NazSOr, Na2SO4, NazSzO:. c) Nito trong c6c ho'p chAt: N2O, NO, NOz, NzOs, HNOz, HNO3, NaNO:. ! d) Crom trong c6c hgp ch6t: Cr2O3,CrO3, H2'CrO a,H2Cr2O7,K2Cr2O7. I e) Mangan trong ciic hqp ch6t: MnO2, Mn2O7, HMnO+, KMnOa, H2MnOa. frr,Cacbon trong c6c hqp ch6t sau: CHa, CzHt, CzHz, HCHO, HCOOH, CH3COOH. 8 1{99 y0|lqp c.n6tm< 9-o t6ng sd hat le 143, trong d6 sd hat mang diQn nhiAu hon s6 hat kh6ng mang cli6n-ld 41. Sd kh6i crja M'* nhi€u hon X'- lA 33. 56 hat mang <li€n trong hat nh6n M nhi6u tron sO tr4i mang cli$n trong h4t nhdn X ld 14. a) X6c ctlnh c0ng thric phdn tri cria NO(? cqi ten? b) Vi6t c6u hinh e. cria nguy€n tri M, X vd ion tpo ra tir N'1. X? Dg ctoiin tinh ch6t h6a hoc cria M vd X? Bni,gl. MOt hqp ch6t ion c6u tao ttr ion Iuf ye ion X2 T0ng s5 cric hat (p, n, e) trong phAn tu M2X le I40hat, trong d6 s6 h4t kh6ng mang ilign nhidu hon sO hgt mang <ti6n ln 44 hat. SO kh6icaa ion I\,f ntricu hsn sO kh0i cria ion X2- h 23. T6ng sd ciic h3t (p, i-r, e) tioi-rg ioii i'f iriii€u iiun irung ion,Xt- ia 3 i hat. l. Vi6t c6u hinh electron cira c6c ion h,f vd X2- 2. Xdc dinh vi tri cua M, X trong BTI{. Bni 9ly'Cation R* rO "6u hinh electronl*,n*odi cirng ld 2p6. a. Vii5t c6u hinh electron vd sr,r phdn b5 electron t ong obitun cria nguy€n tu R b. Nguy€n t6 R thudc chu ki ndo? Phdn nh6m ndo? Nguy6n to giiciai thich bin cnr6t tien k6t trong hqp ch6t cira R vdi clo. c. Tfnh ch6t hori hqc d4c trtmg c0a R ld gi? L|'y 2 vidu minh hoa. d. Anion X- c6 c6u hinh gi6ng R*. X ld nguy€n t6 gi? Vict c6u hinh electron vd x6c dinh vi tri cria X trong BTH. \, Bni 1[/M0t hqp ch6t tluoc hinh thanh tir ciic ion M* u1 x] Trong phdn tu MzXz t6ng s6 c6c hat proton, noiron, electron lh,l64,.trong it6 sd h4t.mang di$n nhi0u hon s6 hpt kh6ng mang diQn ln 52 h4t. SO ttrOi cira M nhi€u hon sO t<.trOi cria X ld 23 don vi. T6ng si5 h4t proton, notron, eiectron trong ion fut* nhiAu hon trong ion X3- le 7 hat. X6c clinh c6c nguydn tii M. X: vi€t c6u hinh electron nqrrvAn trr (it1ng chir vi dlng obitan) cia X, M. Bni94.Hai nguy€n tft A, B c6 c6u hinh electron phdn lq.ngodi cirng ld 3s*; 3ps ' 1. Xiic efluh s0 <io,r vi riiQn iicir h4t nhdn cua-A, g biet pnan top :r cria hai nguy0n tu horrr kdm nhau 1 electron. 2. Clio bi6t s6 electron dQc thdn cta A, B. Gia thfch sU tao thdnh li6n ktit trong ph6n t'i AB. Bni 95. Kgqydn t5 Y le phi kim thu6c chu ki 3, c6 cdng thirc oxit cao nh6t n yO:. - Vir5t c6u hinh electron vd x6c dinh t6n nguy€n tti Y. - Bi6t I t?o vdi kim loai M mgi trqp ctrit cO c6ng thr?c- NrD(2, trong d6 M chit5m 461,67 % theo kh6i lugng. V.itit cAu hinh electrcn cfia nguy€n tir M, c6c ion M2*, M3* va iac dinh vi tri nguy€n td M trong BTH, bift trong.h4t nhdn nguydn tri cta M s6 h4t Fh0ng mang dign nhiAu hc,n sd h4t mang-diQn ld 4 hat. Bni 96.TIqp chAt ktri vdi hidro cta mQt nguydn t6 c6 cdng thric RF{+. Oxit cao nh6t cria nO ct *a 72,730 oxi theo khOi luqng. - X6c dinh nguy6n td R. Vi6t c6u hinh electron nguy0n tri cria nguy€n tri R . - Vi6t cdng thric phdn tri, c6ng thric c6u t4o, c6ng thirc electron cfia hgp ch6t oxit cao nh6t ctia R. Li6n ktit trong phAn tri ndy dugc hinh thdnh nhu th6 ndo? Bni 97./Oxit cao nh6t cria nguy€n tO n cO cdng thirc RO3. Trong hgp ch6t cira n6 vdi hiclro nguy€n td R chi6m g4,llo ve rurOi lugng. - Xric dinh nguydn t5 n. Vi6t c6u hinh electron nguy€n tri cria nguy€n t6 R. - Mq ta sir hinh thdnh li€n kiit trong phdn tii hqp chat gifa R vdi hidro. Bni gS.vNguydn t6 M thu6c nhdm IA cria BTH. Nguy€n tri ctia n6 c6 tdng sO tr4t p, n, e ld 34. - Xric ciinh M. - MO ta su hinh thinh li€n k6t trong hqp ch6t oxit cria M. p;: oou/rr;o to- 1Q A -^* hA- L.* r.^: -,,Ai ^^^l-^-^r ^i,^ -r l,:* r^^: +L,,a^ -La* -L:* ^Li-L -Lr- n Pst 2 /. a ^w4 !q(r ,vta 54lrr rlvrr llvP ll4l lltuvl w4luurl4l vq4 4 Nllll lv4r LII{jU\/ ptldf l f lllullf Llllfill llllulll lt r: bang dung dich HCi <iu thu duoc 6,72 irr lix (dktc). i 1. Xri.c rlinh hai kini loai, bi6t chfng thu6c 2 chu ki li6n tidp nhau trong BTH. 2. Tftlh Vo khdi lugng m6i mudi trong h6n hqp ddu. Bni l00.UTr<1n 400 gam dung clich BaCl, 5,2 Vo v$r L00 ml dr-rng dich H'SO4 2lTo (d=L,12 g!m!,\. L Tinh khOi lugng ket tria thu dugc. 2. Tinhc% c6c chdt trong dung dich sau phin ring. sAr 6N TAp HoA l6p ro-r,AN rI (11/2010) Bni 1. Xric dinh sri oxi h6a cfia c6c nguyOn t6 N, Cl, Mn, Cr, S trong cdc hgp ch6t sau: a. NO, NOz, N2O, N2O5, N2, HNO3, HNOz, NH3, NHaNO3. b. Cl-, HClOz, Cl2, CIO o, NaClO, KClOl, ClzOt, CaOClz. c. Mn, MnO2, MnClz, KzMnO+, KMnO+. d. K2Cr2O7, Cr, Cr2O3, Crz(SO+):. rJ -Z e. HzS, HS-, S, SOz, SOr, NazSOr, SOl-, HSO; l'FeS, FeS2. Bni 2. Ha$€_c6c c6c phdn ftng_ox,i lO-q-ttni trong si5 c6c ph6n rlng sau cl6y: l) iaO + COz ) CaCO3' ,X / z) cuo + ci -" cu + coz ( j 3) +Fe(OH)z + 02 + 2HzO ) 4Fe(OH)3 v 4) NaAlOz + COz + 2HzO -) AI(OH)3 J + NaHCOs X 5) 2NH3 + HzSO+ + (NH+)zSO+ X 6) NaHSo+ + NaHCOT + NazSO+ + CO2t + H2o '/K 7) 2FeClr + 2KI + ZFeCl2 + 2KCl + h t'/ 8) 2FeClr + Fe -+ 3FeClz Bni 3. Hdy cho bi6t trong nhtng ph6n ring nio sau ddy HCI kh6ng ct6ng vai trd ch6t oxi h6a cfrng nhu chAt khft? 1) 2HCl + Ba(OH)z -+ BaClz + 2H2O x 2) MnOz + 4HCl + MnClz + Cl2t + 2HzO 3) NaAlOz + HCI + H2O ) AI(OH)3 J + NuCl 4) Zn + ZHCI + ZnClz + H2t 5) ZCu + 4HCl + Qz + ZCuClz + ZHzO 6) Fe + 2HCl + FeCl2 + H2t 7) Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl + FeClr + 3HzO 8) NHr + HCI + NH4CI 9) 3Cu + 2NaNOr + SHCI + 3CuCl2+ 2NOt+ 2NaCl + 4HzO ) l0) KzCrzOt + l4HCl dac a-1 2KCl + ZCrCb+ 3Clzt +7HzO v Bni 4. a) Hdy cho bitit trong nhtng phin rlng ndo sau ddy SOz tt6ng vai trd ch6t khfi'? i) lPr * Cl2 a SOzClz 2) SO2 + Ca(OH)z + CaSOr.L + ftzO re itl / 'a '/ 3) 30, + Br2 + ZHzO + 2HBr + HzSO+ X +) l,9z + HzO + NHg _ *t{aHSOr ' , 5) SOz + 2HNOr + nrsoo + NO2t v b) Hay cho bi6t trong nh0ng phin rlng ndo sau ddy SO2 cl6ng vai tro chAt oxi h6a? 1) SOz + H2O + Na2SO3 ) 2NaHSOr I 2) SOz + Or t SO: + Oz 'i 3) $,o, * zH2s a,3S + 2*zo ; 4) SOz+C +. S+COz ,i, i. .b 5) 2KMnOa + 5SO2 +zWO + 2MnSO+ + KzSOa+ZH2SOa ) Bni 5. Cdn bing phan fng oxi ho6 khf sau theo phuong ph6p thdng bdng electron l. KMnO+ + Hcld{c + KCI + MnClz + Cl2 +H2O 2. FeS2 + 02 -J:-+ FezO: + SOz 3. KzCrzOt+ HCld[c + KCI + CrCl3 + Cl2 + H2O 4. Al + HNO: J + Al(NOr)r + N2 + H2O i/ { V X X 5. Mg+HNO3 + Mg(NOs)z +NH+NOr +H2O 6. FeO + HNOg + Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O 7. FerO+ +HNOI + Fe(NO3)3 + NO +H2O 8. FeCOr+HNOr + Fe(NO3)3 + NO +COz+H2O 9. Fe(NOr)z + HNOr (loang) ! > Fe(NO:)r + NO + H2O 10. C + HzSO+ dic a-+ CO2t + SOzt + HrO Bni 6. Cdn bing ph6n rlng oxi ho6 khft c6 nhi6u nguy€n tti thay ddi sO oxi ho5 1. FeS +HNO: ddc J + Fe(NOr)s +HzSO++NOz+H2O Z. FeS2 + HNO: dic 11-+ Fe(NO:)r + HzSO+ + NOz + H2O 3. Cu2S + HNO: dac t1-; Cu(NOr)z + HzSO+ + NOz + H2O 4. FeS2 + HzSO+ #"rdry - ,? SO2 + Fez(SO+)i + HzO 5. AszS: +HNOrdpc+HzO ! ) IITAsO+ +NOz+H2O 6. FeCuSz + HNOr dlc -! + Fe(NOr)r + Cu(NOr)z + HzSO+ + NOz + HzO Bni 7. Cdn bing phin fng oxi hoi khrl c6 sp tham gia cria mOi trudng 1. AI + NaNO3 + NaOH + H2O -> NaAlOz + NH: 2. Zn + NaNO3 + NaOH -+ NazZnOz + NHr + HzO 3. FeSO+ + KMnO+ + HzSO+ + Fe2(SO+): + KzSO+ + MnSO+ + HzO 4. FeSO+ *KzCrzOt + HzSO+ + Fez(SOc)r + KzSOa + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2o 5. Cu + NaNO3 + HCI > Cu(NO:)z+NaCl+NOz+HzO 6. FeSO+ + Cl2 + HzSO+ + Fez(SO+)r + HCI Bdi 8. Cdn bing ph6n ung tr,r oxi ho6 khrl vd oxi ho6 khft nQi phdn tt l. Clz + NaOH + NaCIO + NaCl + H2O 2. Cl2 + NaOH > NaClOr + NaCl + H2O 3. KMnO+ + KzMnOa + MnO2 + 02 4. KCIOr + KCI + O, 5. KCIO: + KCI + KCIO+ Bni 9. CAn bing cdc phdn fng oxi hod khrl sau: l. Fe*O, + HzSO+ cl{c -> Fez(SO+): + SO2t + H2O 2. Fe*Or+HNor + Fe(No3)3 +NOt +H2o 3. Fe*O, + HNO: d4c +Fe(NOr)r + NO2t + H2O 4. FerOr+HNOr + Fe(NO3)3 +N*Oyt +H2O 5. Fe*O, + CO + Fe + COz Bni 10. Cdn bing c6c phin img oxi ho6 khrl sau: l. Mg+HNO3 -)Mg(NOr)z + NO + NzO+ H2O; bi6t VN,o:Vpe:1: I ?. Al + HNOr + Al(NOr): + NO + NzO + HzO; bi6t V*,o: VNo: I : 3 Bni 11. 1) X6c dinh sO oxi h6a trung binh cta cacbon trong c6c hgp ch6t sau: CzHo, CzHq, CzHz, CzHeO, CoHrzOo, CnHzn*2. 2)Xfucdlnh sd oxi h6a cfa tung nguyen tf cacbon trong c6c ho. p ch6t sau: a. CHr-CHz-CHr b. CHr-CHz-CH=CHz c' CeHs-CH: d. CH3-CHz-CH=O e. CHr-COO-CHz-CHr; g. HCOOH Bei 12. C6n bdng c6c ph6n fng oxi hoii khrl sau: l. CzHz-r KMnO+ + KOOC-COOK + MnOz + KOH + HzO 2' CoHs-CHr + KMnO+ -! + CcHs-COOK + KOH + MnOz + H2O 3. C2Ha + KMnO+ + HzO + CH2(OH)-CH2(OH) + MnO2 + KOH 4. CHr-CH=CH2 + KMnO+ + HzO + CH3-CH(OH)-CHz(OH) + MnOz + KOH 5. C3Ha + KMnO+ + HzSO+ + CH:COOH + CO2 + H2O + MnSO4 + KzSOq Bni 13. Hodn thdnh c6c phuong trinh phdn ri'ng sau: l. Cu + HNO: d6c { t 2. Cu + HNO3lodng 3. FeCl3 + H2S 11+ S J + 4. KMnOa + HzCzO+ + HzSOI + CO2 + 5. Fe + H2SOa lo6ng ) 6. Fe + HzSO+ddc -! > SO2 + 7. Fe + HNO3 'o > NzO + 8. Al+HNO3 to > NH+NOg+ ' 9. FeO + HNOr + NzO + 10. FerOc + HNOg + NO + 11. S + HNO3 dpc n6ng + NO2 + Bei 14. Cho lugng du nh0m t6c dpng vdi dung dich HzSO+ ct4c n6ng; diu ti6n thhy gitti ph6ng ra khi SO2, sau th6y t4o thanh S J, rOi thAy tho6t ra khi HzS vd cu5i cing gini ph6ng kh( Hz. Hay vitit vd cAn bang c6c phuong trinh phin rlng. Bni 15. Hod tan Fe:O+ bdng dung dich HzSO+ lo6ng du thu dugc dung dlch A. Chia A ldm 7 phAn bing nhau: - PhAn 1, cho t6c dpng v6i dung dich kali pemanganat. - PhAn 2, chot6c dgng vdi dung dich nudc brom. - Ph0n 3, cho t6c dgng vdi dung dich KzCO: du, c6 m4t khdng khi. - PhAn4, chot6cdpngvdi Cu. - PhAn 5, cho t6c dpng vdi Al. - PhAn 6, cho t6c dgng vdi HNOr dec. PhAn 7, cho t6c dgng v6i dung dlch KNO:. Vitit c6c phuong trinh phin r?ng xdy ra (n6u c6). Bni 16. Hoi tan hoan todn FerO+ trong dung dich HzSO+ lodng du dugc dung dich A. Cho mQt luo. ng bQt s6t vira dt vdo dung dich A. Khi phin fng k6t thric thu cluo. c dung dich B. - Cho dung dich B t6c dgng vdi dung dich KOH du tlugc dung dich D, k6t tira E. - Nung E trong khdng khf o nhiQt dQ cao tltin tchOi lu-o. ng kh6ng d6i duqc ch6t rin F. - Th6i mQt luOng CO qua 6ng srl nung n6ng chrla F cho il6n khi thu cfuo. c ch6t rin G vd khi X. - Suc khi X vdo dung dich Ba(OH)z thi thu du-o. c ki5t tfia Y vd dung dich C. - LQc ktit tria Y, dun n6ng dung dich C lai cho t<6t tUa y. Hdy x6c ctlnh c6c ch6t da cho trong A, B, C, D, E, F, G, X, Y. Vi6t c6c phuong trinh xdy ra. Bli 17. Dt5t cacbon trong khdng ktrf d nhiQt dQ cao, duqc h6n hqp khi A. Cho A tdc dqng v6'i Fe2O3 nung n6ng tlugc khi B vi h6n h-o. p chht rLnC. Cho B t6c dUng vdi dung dich Ca(OH)2 duo-c k6t t0a K vd dung dlch D, dun s6i D lpi tlugc k6t ttia K. Cho C tan trong dung dich HCl, thu <lugc mQt khi vd dung dich E. Cho E t6c dpng vdi dung dich NaOH du cluo. c h6n hqp k6t tta hiclroxit F. Nung F trong khdng khi du-o. c mQt oxit duy nh6t. Vi6t cdc phuong trinh phin ftng x6y ra. Bni 18. Ldy vidq minh hga axit c6 th6 d6ng vai trd ld chAt khrl, ch6t oxi h6a hopc chi ld mOi trudng trong c6c phin rlng oxi h6a-khr1. Bei 19. C6c ch6t vi ion sau d6ng vai trd gi trong c6c phin ring oxi h6a-khri? Zn, S,Clz, FeO, SOz, CuO, Fe2*, Fe3*, Cl-, NH3, NOa-, SOr2-, H*, H2O. Bni 20. Hda tan hodn todn m gam Al vdo dung dich HNOr r6t lodng thu duo. c h5n ho. p gdnr 0,01mol khi NzO vi 0,01 mol khi NO. Tinh m. Bni 21. Hda tan h6t 1,2 gam kim lopi M vdo dung dich HzSOa, ilflc, du thu duo.'c l,12lit khi SO2 duy nh6t o tlktc. X6c dlnh M. Bni 22:Hda tan hodn todn 4,5 gam h5n hqp g6m Al, Mg bing dung dich HCI duthu ilugc 5,04 lit khi A (dktc). Tinh phan trdm khi5i lusns m6i kim lopi trong h6n hqp dA". fl li-$t " {,Tiu,-, f,,i neiZSigOatanh6nhqpg6m 2,7 gamAlvdlg,}gamCutrongdungdl.nifNO, i;HL;Oritiru clu'o.c V lit NO (sin phAm khrl duy nh6t, dktc). Tinh V, Bdi24. Hod tan hlt 12 gam mQt kim lo4i chua rO ho6 tri bing dung dich HNOr lodng thu dLro. c 2,24 lit o dktc mQt khi kh6ng mdu, kh6ng miri, kh6ng ch6y. X6c dinh t€n kim lopi. Bni 25. Cho m gam Al t6c dpng vdi 150 ml dung dich HNOr a (M) vira d0 thu duo. c khf N2O duy nh6t vd dung dlch A. CO c4n dung dich A thu dugc (m+18,6) gam mui5i. Tinh a. Bii26. Hda tan 2,4 gamhSn ho. p Cu vd Fe c6 ti lQ mol 1:1 vdo dung dich HzSOa d{c n6ng. Ktit thric phAn rlng thu tlugc 0,05 mol sin phAm k'h& duy nh6t c6 chria S. X6c dlnh sin phdm d6. Bdi27. Cho 2,52gam h5n ho. p Mg vd Al t6c dgng h6t vdi dung dich HCI du thu clu'oc 2,688 lit khi (dktc). Cfing cho 2,52 gam hdn hqp kim lopi tr€n tdc dgng hiSt v6i dung dich HzSO+ tl4c n6ng thu drLo. c 0,672 lit khi X la s6n phAm duy nh6t hinh thanh do sg khrl 5*6. X6c dinh X. BAi 28. Cho 8,32 gam Cu vdo 3 lit dung dich HNO: vira dri dugc 4,9281it h6n hqp khi X g6m NO, NO2 (ttktc). Tfnh kh6i lugng I lft h6n hqp X (dktc), vi ndng d0 mol HNOg dd dirng . BAi 29. Cho 19,2 gam kim lopi M tan h6t trong dung dich HNO3 du thu dugc 4,48 lit khf NO (sdn phArn khrl duy nhdt, ctktc). X6c dinh M. Bni 30. Cho 1,92 gam Cu tan vira dt trong HNO: lodng thu cluo.c V lft NO (sin ph6m khir duy nhdt, dhc). Tinh the tich khi NO vd kh6i luo. ng HNOr dd phdn fng. Bni 31. Hod tan hodn todn m gam Al vdo dung dlch HNO: lo6ng du thu tluo;c hdn ho. p khi g6rn 0,015 rnol NzO vi 0,01 mol NO (ph6n fng kh6ng t4o mutii amoni). Tinh m. Bni 32. Hod tan hodn todn m gam Al vio dung dich HNOr lodng du thu dugc dung dich X vd l,l2 lit (dktc) h6n hgp khf gdm NzO, NO c6 ti kh6i so vdi oxi bing 1,2. Cho dung dich NaOH du vdo dung dich X dun nhg th6y c6 0,336 lit khi (dktc) thodt ra. Tinh m. Bni 33. Cho 11,88 gam kim loai M t6c dpng hiit vdi HNO: dun n6ng gi6i ph6ng 0,15 rnol h6n ho. p NuO vi Nz c6 d6yq:18,8 (phin fng khdng t4o muiSi amoni). Tim kim lopi M. Bii 34. Cho 5,4 gam kim lo4i R tric dgng n6t vOi HzSO+ dpc n6ng thu cluo. c 1,68 lit HzS (sin phAm kht' duy nh6t, ilktc). X6c dinh kim lo{ R. Bni 35. Cho 12,125 gam suntua kim lopi M c6 hod tr! kh6ng d6i (MS) t6c dsng h6t vO'i dung dlch HzSO+ clflc n6ng du tho6t rall,2lft SOz (ilktc). Xdc dlnh M. Bni 36. Cho 10,8 gam mQt kim lofl M t6c dqng hoin toan v6'i khi clo thu dugc 53,4 garn mu5i clorua, Xr{c tlinh kim lopi M. Bni 37. Cho 8,3 gam h6n hqp Al vd Fe t6c dpng tr6t vOi HzSO+ d4c du thu duo. c 6,72 lit khi SOz (san ptrAm ttr* duy nh6t, tlktc). Tinh ttroi luqng m6i tim loSi trong h6n ho. p dAu. Bni 38. Hod tan hodn toin m gam kim lopi M trong dung dich HNq du thu cluo.'c V lit NO duy nh6t. VFt kh6c, hod tan hoin todn m gam kim lo4i M trong dung dich HCI du cfing thu tluo. c V lit khi vd khdi lugng mui5i clorua thu dugc Aing SZ,+8N khdi luo. ng mu6i nitrat thu duo. c d tr€n. C6c khf do o' cing diAu kiqn, xric <l!nh kim lo4i M. Bdi 39. Hod tan 11,6 gam mui5i RCOr blng HNO: tlflc n6ng du thu duo. c m gam mutii vit 4,48lit hdn ho. p lihf NOz, COz (dktc). Tinh m. Bni 40. Hod tan 3,36 gam Mg trong dung dlch HNOr du sinh ra0,6272lit khi X (sdn phAm khrl duy nh6t, ilktc). X6c ttinh X. BAi 41. Cho 0,04 mol Mg tan htit trong dung dich HNOr du th6y tho6t ra 0,01 mol khi X la sdn phAm kh0' duy nh6t (itktc). X6c dinh X. Bii 42. Cho 3,9 gam h6n ho. p A gdm Al, Mgt6c dqng vdi dung dich HzSOq du gi6i ph6ng 4,48 lit khi H2 (dktc). M{t kh6c, hod tan 3,9 gqn A trong HNO: lodng du thu dugc l,l2lit khi X (s6n phAm khrJl dLry nh6t, clktc). Xdc rtinh X. [...]... kh6i luqng thu ilugc m gam chat rin Bei 100 Cho 12 gam h6n hgp hai kim lo4i Fe, Cu tdc dqng vira dfi vdi dung dich HNO3 63% Sau phdn rlng thu dugc dung dich X vd ll,2lit khf NO2 (sin phAm khrl duy nh6t, dktc) Tfnh n6ng d,Q C% c6c chdt trong dung dich X Trulng THPT chuy6n BAI KIEM TRA Khoa hgc Tg nhi6n iVTON HOA LOP IO.LAN 1 Thdi gian ldm bei 45 phut (30 /101 2 010) Bni 1 Phat bi0u dinh lu4t tuAn hodn... kh6ng d6i) trong dung dich HCI du tp ra 0,4 mol Hz; cdn n6u hod tan trong HNO3 lo6ng du thi dugc 0,3 mol NO (s6n phArn khrlduy nh69 X6c dinh M Bii 58 Hod tan hodn todn 4,431 garrn h5n hqp Al, Mg bdng 200 ml dung dich HNOr lodng, vila dri thu dugc dung dich A (khOng chfa NH+NOr) vd 1,568 lit (dktc) h6n ho p 2 khf kh6ng miu, c6 kh6i luo.'ng td 2,59 gam, trong d6 c6 mQt khi ho6 ndu ngodi khOng khi Tfnh . nnr ON TrlP LAN tr-HoA 10- 10/2 010 gai t) Tinh brin kinh gAn dirng cria nguydn tu Fe vd Au. Cho khOi lugng ri€ng cua. Ti lC s5 nguy€n tri cfa hai d6ng vi trong m5u hidro cli6u chtS ctuoc. i - Trong 100 gam (hoic 100 ml) nu6c n6itr€n c6 bao nhi6u nguy€n tu cl6ng vi ?.U ? Bitit O:16,000. , :. I rl -. chuy6n Khoa hgc Tg nhi6n BAI KIEM TRA iVTON HOA LOP IO.LAN 1 Thdi gian ldm bei 45 phut (30 /101 2 010) Bni 1. Phat bi0u dinh lu4t tuAn hodn. So sSnh b6n kfnh nguy6n ttr, tinh kim loai,