Rewiews in food and nutrition toxicity

[...]... (Phipps, 1990) In addition to the effects of mold metabolites and other mold metabolites on germination and malt characteristics, the toxins of these molds also have health implications Mycotoxins may be transmitted to beers from contaminated grains during brewing Mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and citrinin could originate from contaminated grains into beer It... oxide synthase, and the intestinal barrier 28 NF-κB, intestinal barrier, and alcohol 29 Intestinal permeability as a gauge to assess intestinal barrier integrity 29 Alcohol and intestinal permeability 30 0-8493-2757-1/05/$0.00+$1.50 © 2005 by CRC Press LLC 19 2757_CH02.fm Page 20 Thursday, July 8, 2004 10:10 AM 20 Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity Consequence of Alcohol-Induced Barrier... lumen into the circulation Not surprisingly, then, the presence of an intact intestinal barrier is essential in maintaining health and preventing tissue injury in several organ systems (Farhadi et al., 2003) Barrier protection includes both immunogenic mechanisms and non-immunogenic mechanisms (Figure 2.3) The immunogenic components include immunoglobulins, lymphocytes (luminal, interepithelial, intraepithelial,... alcohol, alcoholic liver disease, endotoxin, food, intestinal absorption, intestinal permeability, toxicity INTRODUCTION Alcohol was used by humans as a beverage or an adjunct to the ingestion of food even in ancient civilizations, and wine drinking has long played important social and religious roles (Nencini, 1997) In the modern world, alcohol is still used in these ways, but we are more aware of... contributing factor in thousands of motor vehicle accidents (22,000 2757_CH02.fm Page 21 Thursday, July 8, 2004 10:10 AM Alcohol and Intestinal Permeability: Implications for Human Toxicity 21 Alcohol Food Liver and GI Tract FIGURE 2.1 The dynamic interactions among alcohol, gastrointestinal tract, and food modulate several gastrointestinal tract physiologic and absorptive properties deaths and $148... on intestinal permeability and the consequences of barrier disruption INTESTINAL BARRIER The intestinal barrier is the largest interface between the body and the external environment (Farhadi et al., 2003) This barrier protects the internal milieu against exposure to harmful materials including microorganisms, toxins, and antigens and at the same time permits the passage of nutrients from the intestinal... unacceptable byproducts and off-flavors Mold contamination, on the other hand, affects germination and malt characteristics, and many types of mold are known to produce mycotoxins, which have health implications Of significance are the aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and citrinin These toxins may be transmitted to beers by the use of contaminated grains during brewing Surveys indicate that,... Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity OF DIET The data on the effect of alcohol on dietary constituents are controversial In a large cross-sectional study, Kesse et al (2001) showed that increasing alcohol consumption in humans was associated with higher total energy intake and higher intake of protein and fat This was associated with a decrease in carbohydrates, vegetables, and dairy products in these... flavour taint originating from contamination during transportation of packaging materials, Proc Conv Inst Brew., 23: 198 Lambert, D.E., Shaw, K.J., and Whitfield, F.B (1993) Lacquered aluminum cans as an indirect source of 2,4.6-trichloroanisole in beer, Chem Ind., 12: 461–462 Madigan, D., McMurrough, I., and Smith, M.R (1994) Rapid determination of 4-vinyl guaiacol and ferulic acid in beers and worts by... zearalenone and trichothecenes, which are inhibitors of protein synthesis and are also immunosuppressive, as well as the fumonisins, which if not directly carcinogenic are cancer promoters Two nephrotoxins that are also important are citrinin and ochratoxin A, produced by Penicillium verrucosum 2757_CH01.fm Page 14 Wednesday, June 30, 2004 10:01 AM 14 Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity TABLE 1.3 Incidence . alt="" REVIEWS IN FOOD AND NUTRITION TOXICITY Volume 2 CRC PRESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. REVIEWS IN FOOD AND NUTRITION TOXICITY Volume 2 Edited by Victor R. Preedy and Ronald. Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity follows directly from the successes of the first volume published last year. The series disseminates important data pertaining to food and nutrition safety and. Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Reviews in food and nutrition toxicity / edited by Victor R. Preedy and Ronald Watson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-2757-1