environmental microbiology

Dr. Nguyen Van Duy Institute of Biotechnology and Environment Nha Trang Unviersity Environmental Microbiology CONTENT PART I. MICROBES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT • Lecture 1. Wastewater Microorganisms • Lecture 2. Microbial Ecology • Lecture 3. Bacteria PART II. ENZYMES AND BACTERIAL GROWTH • Lecture 4. Enzymes • Lecture 5. Hydrolytic Bacteria • Lecture 6. Bacterial Growth PART III. BACTERIAL GROUPS AND BIOAUGMENTATION • Lecture 7. Bacterial Groups in Wastewater • Lecture 8. Pathogenic Bacteria • Lecture 9. Bioaugmentation PART IV. ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY • Disscussion 1. Biosensors as environmental monitors • Disscussion 2. Biofuel Lecture 1: Wastewater Microorganisms Dr. Nguyen Van Duy Institute of Biotechnology and Environment Nha Trang Unviersity Environmental Microbiology Wastewater treatment technologies Activated sludge systems [1] Constructed Soil Filter Advanced Oxidation Process Aerated lagoon Aerobic granular reactor Aerobic treatment system Anaerobic clarigester Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic filter API oil-water separator Anaerobic lagoon ATP test Bead Filter Belt press Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels Bioreactor Bioretention Biorotor Bioroll [2] Biolytix Carbon filtering Cesspit Chlorine disinfection Coarse bubble diffusers Combined sewer Composting toilet Constructed wetland Dark fermentation Dissolved air flotation Distillation Desalination EcocyclET systems Electrocoagulation Electrodeionization Electrolysis Electro-Fenton process [3] Expanded granular sludge bed digestion Facultative lagoon Fenton's reagent Fine bubble diffusers Flocculation & sedimentation Fluidized Bed Biofilter Flotation process Froth flotation Humanure (composting) Imhoff tank Iodine Ion exchange Life Saver bottle Living machines Maceration (sewage) Membrane bioreactor Nanotechnology NERV (Natural Endogenous Respiration Vessel) N-Viro Parallel plate oil- water separator Recirculating Sand Filter Reed bed Retention basin Reverse osmosis Rotating biological contactor Sand filter Sedimentation Septic tank Sequencing batch reactor Sewage treatment Stabilization pond Submerged aerated filter [4][5] Treatment pond Trickling filter Soil Bio- Technology Ultrafiltration (industrial) Ultraviolet disinfection Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion Upflow Sludge Blanket Filtration (USBF) Wet oxidation Activated sludge process • Activated sludge is a process for treating sewage and industrial wastewaters using air and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoans. • Purposes: – oxidizing carbonaceous matter: biological matter. – oxidizing nitrogeneous matter: mainly ammonium and nitrogen in biological materials. – removing phosphate. – driving off entrained gases carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen – generating a biological floc that is easy to settle. – generating a liquor with low dissolved/suspended material Anaerobic digestion • Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. • Used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and/or to release energy. • Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a renewable energy source because the process produces a methane and carbon dioxide rich biogas suitable for energy production, helping to replace fossil fuels. • The nutrient-rich digestate which is also produced can be used as fertilizer. What is a microorganism? • Microorganisms = organisms of microscopic size • Although most organisms in biological wastewater treatment plants are microscopic in size, there are some organisms such as bristleworms and insect larvae that are macroscopic in size. • Macroscopic organisms can be observed with the naked eye— that is, without the use of a light microscope. • Microscopic organisms can only be observed with the use of a light microscope. What is a microorganism? • Of the microscopic organisms the bacteria are the most important in wastewater treatment plants and can be seen with the light microscope only under highest magnification. • Several groups of microorganisms such as protozoa and some metazoa possess large and more complex cells that can be observed easily with the light microscope without the use of highest magnification. • Compared to other organisms, microorganisms have relatively simple structures. Major Differences between Procaryote and Eucaryote Classification of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment Plants Four important eucaryotic organisms in the activated sludge process: fungi, protozoa, rotifers, and nematodes. The procaryotes consist of eubacteria (“true” bacteria) and archaebacteria (“ancient” bacteria), referred to as bacteria. [...]... Thermacidophiles (high-temperature-loving and low-pHloving) perform no role in wastewater treatment plants These organisms live in hot acidic environments such as volcanic vents on the ocean floor Environmental Microbiology Lecture 2: Microbial Ecology Dr Nguyen Van Duy Institute of Biotechnology and Environment Nha Trang Unviersity Microbial ecology: Concepts • Microbial ecology as applied to the activated . Dr. Nguyen Van Duy Institute of Biotechnology and Environment Nha Trang Unviersity Environmental Microbiology CONTENT PART I. MICROBES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT • Lecture 1. Wastewater Microorganisms •. Pathogenic Bacteria • Lecture 9. Bioaugmentation PART IV. ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY • Disscussion 1. Biosensors as environmental monitors • Disscussion 2. Biofuel Lecture 1: Wastewater. Microorganisms Dr. Nguyen Van Duy Institute of Biotechnology and Environment Nha Trang Unviersity Environmental Microbiology Wastewater treatment technologies Activated sludge systems [1] Constructed