Grzimek’sAnimal Life EncyclopediaSecond Edition● ● ● ●Volume 8Birds I
Jerome A Jackson, Advisory EditorWalter J Bock, Taxonomic Editor
Donna Olendorf, Project Editor
Joseph E Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator
Michael Hutchins, Series Editor
Trang 2Foreword viii
How to use this book xi
Advisory boards xiii
Contributing writers xv
Contributing illustrators xviii
Volume 8: Birds IWhat is a bird? 3
Birds and humans 19
Avian migration and navigation 29Avian song 37Avian flight 45Order STRUTHIONIFORMESTinamous and ratites 53Family: Tinamous 57Family: Rheas 69Family: Cassowaries 75Family: Emus 83Family: Kiwis 89Family: Moas 95Family: Ostriches 99Family: Elephant birds 103Order PROCELLARIIFORMESTubenosed seabirds 107Family: Albatrosses 113Family: Shearwaters, petrels, and fulmars 123Family: Storm-petrels 135Family: Diving-petrels 143Order SPHENISCIFORMESPenguinsFamily: Penguins 147Order GAVIIFORMESLoonsFamily: Loons 159Order PODICIPEDIFORMESGrebesFamily: Grebes 169Order PELECANIFORMESPelicans and cormorants 183Family: Tropicbirds 187Family: Frigatebirds 193
Family: Cormorants and anhingas 201
Family: Boobies and gannets 211Family: Pelicans 225Order CICONIIFORMESHerons, storks, spoonbills, ibis, and New World vultures 233Family: Herons and bitterns 239Family: Hammerheads 261Family: Storks 265Family: New World vultures 275Family: Shoebills 287Family: Ibises and spoonbills 291Order PHOENICOPTERIFORMESFlamingos Family: Flamingos 303Order FALCONIFORMESDiurnal birds of prey 313
Family: Hawks and eagles 317
Family: Secretary birds 343
Family: Falcons and caracaras 347
Order ANSERIFORMESDucks, geese, swans, and screamers 363
Family: Ducks, geese, and swans 369Family: Screamers 393Order GALLIFORMESChicken-like birds 399Family: Moundbuilders 403Family: Curassows, guans, and chachalacas 413Family: Guineafowl 425
Family: Fowls and pheasants 433
Family: New World quails 455
Order OPISTHOCOMIFORMESHoatzinsFamily: Hoatzins 465
Trang 3For further reading 469
Organizations 474
Contributors to the first edition 479
Glossary 486
Aves species list 497
Geologic time scale 560
Index 561
Volume 9: Birds IIOrder GRUIFORMESCranes, rails, and relatives 1
Family: Mesites and roatelos 5Family: Buttonquails 11Family: Cranes 23Family: Limpkins 37Family: Kagus 41Family: Rails, coots, and moorhens 45Family: Sungrebes 69Family: Sunbitterns 73Family: Trumpeters 77Family: Seriemas 85Family: Bustards 91Order CHARADRIIFORMESGulls, terns, plovers, and other shorebirds 101Family: Jacanas 107
Family: Painted snipes 115
Family: Crab plovers 121
Family: Oystercatchers 125
Family: Stilts and avocets 133
Family: Thick-knees 143
Family: Pratincoles and coursers 151
Family: Plovers and lapwings 161
Family: Sandpipers 175
Family: Seedsnipes 189
Family: Sheathbills 197
Family: Gulls and terns 203
Family: Auks, puffins, and murres 219
Order PTEROCLIFORMESSandgrouseFamily: Sandgrouse 231
Order COLUMBIFORMESPigeons, doves, and dodos 241
Family: Pigeons and doves 247
Family: Dodos and solitaires 269
Order PSITTACIFORMESParrotsFamily: Parrots 275
Order MUSOPHAGIFORMESTuracos and plantain eatersFamily: Turacos and plantain eaters 299
Order CUCULIFORMESCuckoos, anis, and roadrunnersFamily: Cuckoos, anis, and roadrunners 311Order STRIGIFORMESOwls 331Family: Barn owls 335Family: Owls 345Order CAPRIMULGIFORMESNightjars 367Family: Oilbirds 373Family: Frogmouths 377Family: Owlet-nightjars 387Family: Potoos 395Family: Nightjars 401Order APODIFORMESSwifts and hummingbirds 415Family: Swifts 421Family: Tree swifts 433Family: Hummingbirds 437Order COLIIFORMESMousebirdsFamily: Mousebirds 469Order TROGONIFORMESTrogonsFamily: Trogons 477For further reading 487Organizations 492Contributors to the first edition 497Glossary 504
Aves species list 515
Trang 4Family: Pittas 193Family: New Zealand wrens 203Family: Ovenbirds 209Family: Woodcreepers 229Family: Ant thrushes 239Family: Tapaculos 257Family: Tyrant flycatchers 269Family: Sharpbills 291Family: Manakins 295Family: Cotingas 305Family: Plantcutters 325Family: Lyrebirds 329Family: Scrub-birds 337Family: Larks 341Family: Swallows 357Family: Pipits and wagtails 371Family: Cuckoo-shrikes 385Family: Bulbuls 395Family: Fairy bluebirds and leafbirds 415Family: Shrikes 425
Family: Vanga shrikes 439
Family: Waxwings and silky flycatchers 447
Family: Palmchats 455
Family: Hedge sparrows 459
Family: Thrashers and mockingbirds 465Family: Dippers 475Family: Thrushes and chats 483Family: Babblers 505Family: Wrens 525For further reading 539Organizations 544Contributors to the first edition 549Glossary 556
Aves species list 567
Geologic time scale 630
Index 631
Volume 11: Birds IVFamily: Old World warblers 1
Family: Old World flycatchers 25
Family: Australian fairy-wrens 45
Family: Australian warblers 55
Family: Australian chats 65
Family: Logrunners and chowchillas 69
Family: Quail thrushes and whipbirds 75
Family: Fantails 83
Family: Monarch flycatchers 97
Family: Australian robins 105
Family: Whistlers 115
Family: Pseudo babblers 127
Family: Australian creepers 133
Family: Long-tailed titmice 141
Family: Penduline titmice 147
Family: Titmice and chickadees 155
Family: Nuthatches and wall creepers 167Family: Treecreepers 177Family: Philippine creepers 183Family: Flowerpeckers 189Family: Pardalotes 201Family: Sunbirds 207Family: White-eyes 227
Family: Australian honeyeaters 235
Family: Vireos and peppershrikes 255
Family: New World finches 263
Family: New World warblers 285
Family: New World blackbirds and orioles 301
Family: Finches 323
Family: Hawaiian honeycreepers 341
Family: Waxbills and grassfinches 353
Family: Weavers 375
Family: Sparrows 397
Family: Starlings and mynas 407
Family: Old World orioles and figbirds 427
Family: Drongos 437
Family: New Zealand wattle birds 447
Family: Mudnest builders 453
Family: Woodswallows 459
Family: Magpie-shrikes 467
Family: Bowerbirds 477
Family: Birds of paradise 489
Family: Crows and jays 503
For further reading 525
Organizations 530
Contributors to the first edition 535
Glossary 542
Aves species list 553
Geologic time scale 616
Trang 512345678910
Trang 62
Trang 71
2
3
Trang 82
3
Trang 9123456
Trang 101345678
Trang 11123456
Trang 121
3
4
5
Trang 1312345678910
Trang 142
3
Trang 1512345678
Trang 163456789
Trang 171
2
3
4
Trang 1813
4
5
Trang 19123456789
Trang 201345678
Trang 211234567
Trang 222345678
Trang 2312
3
4
5
Trang 243
45
Trang 251
2
3
4
Trang 263
4
5
Trang 2712345
Trang 281345678910
Trang 29123456789101211
Trang 302456789101112
Trang 311
2
Trang 322
3
Trang 3312345678
Trang 3413456789
Trang 351
2
34
Trang 36234567
Trang 371
2
3
Trang 382
3
Trang 39123456789
Trang 40456
789
Trang 411
2
3
4
Trang 422
3
4
Trang 431
2
3
4
Trang 442
3
4
Trang 462
Trang 471 3
2
4 5
6 7
Trang 482
3
4
Trang 4912345
Trang 501
3
4
5
Trang 5112345678
Trang 521245678
Trang 5312345678910
Trang 543
4
Trang 5512345678910
Trang 562345678
Trang 57123456
Trang 582345678910
Trang 5912345678910
Trang 60245678910
Trang 6112345678910
Trang 622345678
Trang 6312345678910
Trang 6434567891
Trang 6512345
Trang 6623456789
Trang 67123456789
Trang 681456783
Trang 691
2
3
4
Trang 701
3
Trang 7112345678910
Trang 7223456789
Trang 73123456789
Trang 7423456789
Trang 75123456
Trang 761245678
Trang 7712345678
Trang 78234567 89
Trang 791
2
3
4
Trang 8045678
Trang 81123546
Trang 822
Trang 8312345678910
Trang 84234567
Trang 8511234567812345678
Trang 8623456
Trang 871234567
Trang 8813456
Trang 8912345671089
Trang 901245678910
Trang 91123456789
Trang 922
Trang 931234567
Trang 942
3
Trang 9512345678910
Trang 9623 4576891011
Trang 97123456789
Trang 98345678910
Trang 9912345678910
Trang 10045678
Trang 10112345678
Trang 10234567
Trang 10424567
Trang 105123456
Trang 1064567891011
Trang 10712345678910
Trang 1081245678910
Trang 10912345678
Trang 11012456789
Trang 111123456789
Trang 112245678910
Trang 113123456789
Trang 1141
3
4
5
Trang 11512
3
4
Trang 11613456
Trang 11712345
Trang 118234567891011
Trang 1191234567891011
Trang 1201245678910
Trang 12112345678910
Trang 122234567891011
Trang 123123456789101112
Trang 124134567891011
Trang 12512345678910
Trang 1261245867910
Trang 12712345678
Trang 1281
3
4
5
Trang 12912345678910
Trang 1302
3
4
5
Trang 13112345678
Trang 1321245678910
Trang 1331
2
Trang 1342
3
Trang 136345678910
Trang 1371234567
Trang 1382
3
Trang 1391
2
3
Trang 14024567891011
Trang 1411
2
3
4
Trang 1422345678910
Trang 14312345678910
Trang 1443
2
Trang 14512345678910
Trang 1461345678910
Trang 1471234675
Trang 1482345678910
Trang 1491234568791011
Trang 1501345678910
Trang 15112345678910
Trang 1521345678910
Trang 15312345678
Trang 1542345678
Trang 15512345678910
Trang 156234567891011
Trang 157345678912
Trang 1583456789
Trang 15912345678
Trang 1601235678910
Trang 16112345678910
Trang 16223456
Trang 163123456
Trang 1642
3
Trang 16512345
Trang 1661
3
4
5
Trang 16712345678
Trang 1681
Trang 169123456789
Trang 1702345678910
Trang 171123456789