ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP MÔN TIẾNG ANH

 Đối với động từ “To have” thì ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít ta không thêm đuôi “_S/ _ES” mà chuyển thành “has” She has a new house B_ Cách dùng: 1_ Để diễn tả một thói quen hoặc một sự việc xảy r

Period 1: THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠNA_ Công thức:

* Đối với động từ thường:

_ Khẳng định: I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + V (Nguyên mẫu)

She/ he / it/ CN số ít + V–es/ V–s

_ Phủ định: I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + donotV (Nguyên mẫu)

She/ he / it/ CN số ít + doesnot + V(nguyên mẫu).

_ Nghi vấn: Do + I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + V (Nguyên mẫu)?

Does She/ he / it/ CN số ít + + V(nguyên mẫu)?

Do / does + S + V(nguyên mẫu)?

 Đối với động từ “to be” ở thì hiện tại đơn ta có 3 dạng

You/ we/ they/ CN số nhiều + are

She /he/ it/ CN số ít + is Phủ định: Thêm “not” sau “am / is/ are” Nghi vấn: Đặt “Am/ is/ are” ra trước chủ ngữ.

 Đối với động từ “To have” thì ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít ta không thêm đuôi “_S/ _ES” mà chuyển thành “has” (She has a new house)

B_ Cách dùng:

1_ Để diễn tả một thói quen hoặc một sự việc xảy ra có tính chất thường xuyên và thông lệ ở hiện tại Trong câu

thường có các trạng từ như: often ; usually; always; sometimes; seldom; on Mondays; On Sundays; everyday; every Monday; every summer

We come to school on time everyday.

My mother always gets up early.

Does Mr Green go to work five days a week? _ Yes, he does

We do not go to school on Sundays

2_ Để diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý: The earth goes round the sun.

3_ Dùng để nói về thời khóa biểu hay chương trình: The film begins at 8p.m

4_Dùng trong mệnh đề điều kiện trong câu điều kiện loại I và trong mệnh đề điều kiện chỉ thời gian

C_ Cách thêm đuôi “_s” hay “_es” sau động từ:

1_ Thông thường chúng ta thêm đuôi _S sau động từ ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít:

work _ works play _ plays change _ changes

2_ Những động từ kết thúc bằng _CH; _SH; _ SS; _X hay _O ta thêm đuôi _es

watch _ watches wash _ washes finish _ finishes

3_ Những động từ kết thúc bằng “Y” mà trước nó là một phụ âm thì ta chuyển “Y” thành “I” sau đó thêm đuôi _es:

carry _ carries fly _ flies D_ Cách phát âm đuôi s và es:

- Những động từ tận cùng là các âm /p,k,t,f,0/ khi thêm ‘s’ thì đọc thêm âm /s/

VD: gets, works…

- Những động từ tận cùng là các âm /s, z, x, tS, S, dz/ khi thêm ‘es’ thì đọc thêm âm /iz/

- Ngoài 2 trường hợp trên thì các động từ còn lại khi thêm ‘s, es” thì đọc thêm âm /z/

E_ Bài tập: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì Hiện tại đơn:

1 He (be ) a doctor

2 She (watch) television every day

3 We (not, go) to school on Sundays

4 you often (get up) early?

5 My mother usually (buy) vegetables in this market

6 My friend and I often (go) to school by bike

7 My girlfriend (not, be) a beautiful girl

8 The concert often (begins) at 7pm

9 My father (have) coffee for breakfast every day

10 The students never (work) hard

A_ Công thức:

_ Khẳng định: I + am

We/ You/ They + are + V-ing(thêm đuôi “ing”)

_ Phủ định: CN + am/ is/ are + not + V-ing

B_ Cách dùng:

1_ Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra, đang diễn tiến ở hiện tại Trong câu thường có các trạng từ như : now(bây giờ);

at present; at the moment

My father is planting flowers in the garden.

Look! The pupils are playing football.

We are not cooking now.

2_ Diễn tả một sự sắp đặt chắc chắn ở tương lai gần:

I am meeting Peter tonight.

3_ Diễn tả các sự việc hiện tượng xảy ra có tính chất tạm thời:

He usually reads newspapers but today he is reading a magazine.

C_ Chú ý: Một số động từ không sử dụng được ở thì tiếp diễn và chúng ta phải chuyển chúng về thì hiện tại đơn:

1_ Động từ chỉ giác quan: hear(nghe); see(nhận thấy; thấy); smell(bốc mùi); taste(có vị).

2_ Động từ chỉ tình cảm, cảm xúc: like; hate(ghét); dislike(không thích); love; need; want

3_ Động từ chỉ hoạt động tinh thần: agree(đồng ý); believe(tin tưởng); forget(quên); know(biết); remember(nhớ); understand(hiểu)

4_ Động từ chỉ sở hữu và một số các động từ khác: have(có); own(sở hữu); belong(thuộc về); appear(có vẻ); seem (dường như)

D_ Bài tập: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì Hiện tại đơn hay Hiện tại tiếp diễn:

1/ I (have) coffee for breakfast every day

2/ My brother (work) in a shoe store this summer

3/ The student (look) _ up that new word now

4/ She (go) to school every day

5/ We (do) this exercise at the moment

6/ Miss Helen (read) _ a newspaper now

7/ It (rain) very much in the summer It (rain) _ now

8/ Bad students never (work) hard

9/ He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish

10/ We seldom (eat) before 6.30

11/ She sometimes (buy) _ vegetables at his market

12/ Be quiet The baby (sleep)

13/ We always (do) _ our exercises carefully

14/ Look A man (run) _ after the train He (want) _ to catch it

15/ It (be) very cold now

16/ John (travel) to England tomorrow

17/ I (need) some money for my textbooks

18/ Tom (like) to go to the museums

19/ Mary (love) ice-cream

20/ My mother (cook) _ some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) in the mornings

21/ I often (leave) the city at weekends

22/ The guests (watch) the TV programmes now

23/ I (see) _ you (wear) _ your best clothes

24/ The sun (set) _ in the west

25/ My friend (study) English for an hour every night

A_ Công thức:

_ Khẳng định: He/ She/It/ CN số ít + has + V(past participle)

I/ We/ You/ They/ CN số nhiều + have + V(past participle)

_ Phủ định: S(chủ ngữ) + has/ have + not + V(past participle)

_ Nghi vấn: Has/ Have + S(chủ ngữ) + V(past participle) ?

Chú ý: past participle (quá khứ phân từ) của động từ :

_ Nếu là động từ hợp qui ta thêm đuơi _ED sau động từ (V- ed).

_ Nếu là động từ bất qui ta lấy động từ ở cột thứ 3 trong bảng động từ bất qui

B_ Cách dùng:

1_ Diễn tả một sự việc ở quá khứ mà thời điểm khơng xác định rõ Thường dùng với các trạng từ sau: already(đã rồi); recently = lately(gần đây); ever(đã từng); never(chưa bao giờ)

He has already done his homework (Anh ta đã làm xong bài tập về nhà).

Have you bought a new TV recently?

_ Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả vẫn cịn ở hiện tại Thường dùng với yet:

Have you seen Tom yet?

We have cleaned the room Look! It is very clean.

2_ Thường dùng với “just” để chỉ một sự việc vừa mới xảy ra:

My father has just gone out.

3_ Diễn tả một hành động hay sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ mà cịn tiếp tục ở hiện tại Thường dùng với giới từ

since(từ khi; kể từ) hay for(trong thời gian).

We have leaned English for 4 years.

My sister has been sick since yesterday (Bây giờ vẫn cịn ốm)

_ Thỉnh thoảng sự việc đĩ dừng ngay tại thời điểm nĩi:

Nice to meet you I haven’t seen you for a long time.

Chú ý : for + khoảng thời gian: two hours; 3days; 4months

Since+ điểm thời gian: 1990; Sunday; 2 o’clock

4_Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần ở quá khứ: I have seen this film several times.

5 - Dùng thì HTHT sau những từ ở cấp so sánh cao nhất: It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen

6 - Dùng với This morning/ week/ month/ term…khi những khoảng thời gian này còn trong lúc nói:

Eg: I’ve smoked 10 cigarettés today / I haven’t seen Tom this morning.Have you?

Ngoài ra còn có một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian như : so far = until now = up to now ,how long ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three… times.

C_Bài tập: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì HTHT:

1 I (try) to learn English for years, but I (not succeed) yet

2 That book (lie) on the table for weeks You (not read) it yet?

3 He (not, be) here since Christmas

4 He (write) a novel for two years, but he (not, finish) it yet

5 I (see) that film several times because I like it

6 Jack (look) no trouble with my English lesson up to now

7 We ( study) almost every lesson in this book so far

8 How long you (learn) English?

9 Tom (never, be) in Hanoi

10 I am sorry I (forget) that girl’s name already

Period 4:THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

A_ Cơng thức:

_ Khẳng định: S (chủ ngữ) + V- ed (động từ hợp qui)

+ V(cột 2) (động từ bất qui)

_ Phủ định: S (chủ ngữ) + did not + V(nguyên mẫu).

_ Nghi vấn: Did + S(chủ ngữ) + V(nguyên mẫu)?

Chú ý:

 Đối với động từ “to be” ở thì quá khứ đơn ta cĩ 2 dạng

Khẳng định: I / She /he/ it/ CN số ít + was

You/ we/ they/ CN số nhiều + were

B_ Cỏch dựng:

Để diễn tả một sự việc đó xảy ra ở một thời điểm xỏc định trong quỏ khứ Thường đi với cỏc từ chỉ thời gian:

Yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening last week/ month/ year Two days ago

We watched a good film on TV last night.

Hoặc khi thời gian được hỏi đến:

When did you see him?

C_ Cỏch thờm đuụi –ed vào sau động từ cú quy tắc:

- Thụng thường chỉ thờm –ed vào sau cỏc động từ cú quy tắc: work – worked

- Nếu động từ cú quy tắc tận cựng là “e” thỡ chỉ thờm “d” thụi: die – died

- Nếu động từ cú quy tắc tận cựng là “y” mà trước nú là 1 phụ õm thỡ đổi “y” thành “i” rồi thờm –ed: study – studied

- Nếu động từ cú quy tắc cú 1 õm tiết tận cựng là 1 phụ õm trước phụ õm là 1 nguyờn õm thỡ gấp đụi phụ õm cuối lờn trước khi thờm –ed: stop – stopped

- Nếu động từ cú quy tắc cú 2 õm tiết tận cựng là 1 phụ õm trước phụ õm là 1 nguyờn õm thỡ gấp đụi phụ õm cuối lờn trước khi thờm –ed: permit – permitted

- Nếu động từ tận cựng là ‘l’, trước nú là 1 nguyờn õm đơn thỡ ta nhõn đụi ‘l’ lờn rồi thờm ‘ed’: travel – travelled

D _ Cỏch phỏt õm đuụi –ed:

 Đọc là /id/ sau từ tận cùng bằng âm /d/ hoặc /t/.

need – needed decide – decided want – wanted start – started

 Đọc là /t/ sau từ tận cùng bằng âm /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /θ/, /ks/

wash – washed book – booked stop – stopped watch – watched fax – faxed

 Đọc là /d/ sau từ tận cùng bằng các âm còn lại.

play – played plan – planned offer – offered bathe – bathed call – called

* Các tính từ tận cùng bằng ED thì đuôi ED cũng đợc phát âm nh cách phát âm của động từ có quy tắc Tuy nhiên,

một số tính từ cổ tận cùng bằng -ed, hoặc một số trạng từ tận cùng bằng -edly, thì -ed đợc phát âm là /id/.

Adjectives:/id/ naked : khỏa thân crooked : cong, oằn ragged : nhàu, cũ wretched : khốn khổ

rugged : gồ ghề learned : uyên bác

Adverbs: /id/ deservedly : xứng đáng supposedly: cho là markedly : một cách rõ ràng, đáng chú ý allegedly :

cho rằng

E – Bài tập:Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thỡ quỏ khứ đơn:

1 We (study) a very hard lesson the day before yesterday

2 My wife and I (travel) to London by air last summer

3 I (have) a little trouble with my car last week

4 What you (do) yesterday?

5 Our teacher (tell)us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970

6 We (wacth) a good programme on TV last night

7 I (meet) Mary last night

8 I (see) him 3 weeks ago

9 She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning

10 They (begin) to study at this school 7 years ago

Period 5: THè QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN

A_ Cụng thức:

_ Khẳng định: I/ He/ She/It/ CN số ớt + was + V-ing

We/ You/ They/ CN số nhiều + were + V-ing

_ Phủ định: S(chủ ngữ) + was/ were + not + V-ing

B_ Cỏch dựng:

1_ Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra ở thời điểm xỏc định trong quỏ khứ:

What were you doing at five o’clock yesterday evening?

I was doing exercises between four and five o’clock last Sunday afternoon.

2_ Kết hợp với thỡ quỏ khứ đơn để diễn tả một sự việc đang diễn ra ở quỏ khứ thỡ một sự việc quỏ khứ khỏc xảy ra:

When I was watching T.V, My friend came.

Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Thì quá khứ đơn

3_Diễn tả hai hành động đang xảy ra song song cùng 1 lúc ở quá khứ:

Yesterday while my mother was cooking dinner, my father was watching TV

C – So sánh thì Quá khứ đơn và Quá khứ tiếp diễn:

+ Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động ngắn (thình lình) xảy ra trong quá khứ.

- I met him in the street yesterday.

+ Thì Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động kéo dài trong quá khứ tương

ứng với một hành động khác cũng trong quá khứ

- I met him while he was crossing the street.

- She was going home when she saw an accident.

+ Thì Past Continuous còn diễn tả một hành động kéo dài tại điểm thời gian xác định ở quá khứ hoặc hai

hành động liên tiếp song song với nhau

- My father was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.

- I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV.

D- Bài tập:Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn hay quá khứ tiếp diễn:

1/ He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him

2/ When I (go) out, the sun (shine)

3/ The light (go) out while I (have) tea

4/ When it (rain) , she(carry) an umbrella

5/ We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain

6/ He (teach) English for 2 months when he (live) in Germany and (work) as a journalist.7/ The house (burn) fast, so we (break) the window to get out

8/ He (eat) three sandwiches while you (talk) to him

9/ The servant (drop) two cups while she (wash up) last night; neither of them (break)

10/ While I (write) a letter, the telephone (ring) ; as he (go) to answer it, he (hear) a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) while he (walk) to the door, but just as he (open) it, it (stop)

Period 6: Exercises

1) He for London one year ago

2) She in Hue for twenty years

3) I to the market with my mother yesterday

4) What you , Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother

A do/think B are/ thinking C have/thought D were/thinking

5) How long you her? – For five months

A do/know B are/knowing C have/ known D had/known

6) I usually to school by bus

7) Yesterday morning I up at 6.30

A got B get C was getting D had got

8) Please don’t make so much noise I

9) Water at 100 degrees Celsius

A boils B boiled C is boiling D will boil

10) It is raining now It began raining two hours ago So it for two hours

11) you out last night?

12) This house 35,000 pounds in 1980

13) While Tom tennis, Ann a shower

A played/took B playing/taking C was playing/ was taking D was play/was take

14) She until you are ready

A didn’t come B isn’t coming C won’t come D doesn’t come

15) When they in the garden, the phone

A worked/was ringing B was working/ rang C worked/rang D work/rings

16) I here until he answers me

17) They tea when the doorbell

A have/is ringing B were having/ rang C had had/ rang D having/ringing

18) Father his pipe while mother a magazine

A smoked/read B had smoked/ read C was smoking/ was reading D smoking/reading19) When I into the office, my boss for me

A came/ was waiting B had come/waited C was coming/waited D came/waiting

20) When I Brian, he a taxi

A see/drives B saw/ was driving C see/was driving D saw/is driving

21) When he , we dinner

A arrived/having B was arriving/had C arrived/ were having D had arrived/had

22) While they chess, we the shopping

A playing/doing B played/did B were playing/doing D were playing/ were doing

23) They football when the lights in the stadium out

A were playing/ went B were playing/ was going C played/was going D playing/went

24) While George and John their room, she the ironing

A cleaning/doing B were cleaning/doing C were cleaning/ was doing D cleaning/was doing

25) Today is Thursday and she late twice this week She late yesterday and on Monday

A is/was B has been/is C has been/ was D has been/had been

26) He in the same house since 1975

27) We him since he married

A didn’t see/got B don’t/get C haven’t seen/ got D hadn’t seen/got

28) It for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis

A is raining B had rained C has rained D was raining

29) He to HCMC last year and I him since then

A moved/didn’t see B moved/ haven’t seen C moves/haven’t seen D moved/hadn’t seen

30) We what to do with the money yet

A not decide B haven’t decided C didn’t decide D hadn’t decided

31) My father as a teacher for thirty years

32) He to New York three times this year

33) I how to dance when I six years old

A don’t know / was B didn’t know / am C didn’t know/ was D haven’t known/was

34) Last month my brother me his photos He me his photos every year

A sends/sent B sent/ sends C sent/sent D sends/sends

35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he carelessly

36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I when I was a child but not now

A do B did C have done D had done

37) I her at the school gate yesterday

38) She English when she was six years old

39) I don’t remember where and when I her

40) They to know each other for more than ten years

41) you that film yet?

42) I the film with my friends last week

43) He up at five every morning

44) she in Hue at the moment?

45) He usually her at weekend but now he in bed because of his severe illness

A visits/stays B visits/staying C visited/stays D visits/ is staying

46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents

A sleep B are sleeping C were sleeping D slept

47) Why you often so much noise in the house?

48) He you when he has the necessary information

49) While mum was watching TV, I my homework

50) At this time yesterday I to music

A listened B had listened C was listening D am listening

51) What he at 4 P.m last Sunday?

52) When I a little girl, I used to climb trees and go swimming in the river with my friends

53) Last year he came here and me to marry him but I too young to get married

A asked/ was B asks/am C had asked/was D has asked/am

54) How long you novels?

A have/write B do/write C have written D are/writing

55) you sometimes out with friends?

56) I a lot of badminton recently

A play B have played C am playing D was playing

57) When I home, everyone TV

A got/watch B got/watching C get/was watch D got/ was watching

58) We your mother for ages

A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen

59) London a lot since we first to live here

A changed/came B has changed/ came C had changed/ came D has changed/ come

60) How many times you this film? – The first time

61) Yesterday David was crossing(A) a street when(B) a truck was turning(C) a corner very fast and almost hit(D)

him

62) When Rita will get(A) her driver’s license next week(B), she will be able(C) to drive to school every day(D) 63) So far(A) she spends(B) a lot of time there(C) chatting with(D) her friends.

64) Jack is living(A) in Spain now(B) His Spanish had improved(C) greatly since he moved(D) there.

65) Last month(A) while we watched(B) an exciting game on(C) television in our living room, the electricity went out(D).

66) I’m sure(A) they have completed(B) the new(C) road by(D) June.

67) At(A) this time tomorrow(B), they will do(C) their homework with their(D) brothers.

68) We have seen(A) and tell(B) you the situation next(C) Monday Please wait for(D) us.

69) Our(A) teacher explained(B) that lesson to(C) us tomorrow(D).

70) We will wait(A) for you when(B) you will get(C) back tomorrow(D).

71) I will practise(A) my English lesson with(B) my classmate at(C) 7pm next(D) Sunday.

72) When I see(A) Mr Pike tomorrow(B), I remind(C) him of(D) that.

73) He works(A) on the(B) report at(C) this time tomorrow(D).

74) Please(A) sit here(B) and wait until(C) the manager will return(D).

75) Our parents arrived(A) next Wednesday I’m sure we will receive(B) a lot of(C) presents from(D) them.

76) I gave(A) him your message(B) and letter when(C) I see him(D).

77) By(A) the time you arrive(B), I finish(C) writing an(D) essay.

78) We will be going(A) home as soon(B) as we have finished(C) our work(D).

79) Mr Green has taught(A) English this school since(B) he graduates(C) from the university in(D) 1986.

80) At(A) 7 yesterday morning(B) when I arrive(C) at his house, he was still sleeping(D).

Period 7: THÌ TƯƠNG LAI

I Thì tương lai đơn:

A_ Công thức:

_ Phủ định: S(chủ ngữ) + shallnot/ willnot + V(nguyên mẫu)

B_ Cách dùng:

1_ Diễn tả một sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai Thường dùng với các từ chỉ thời gian sau:

Tomorrow morning/ afternoon/ evening someday (1 ngày nào đó) soon (chẳng bao lâu nữa)

I shall visit you tomorrow.

Will you go to the circus next week?

Chú ý: thì hiện tại đơn sẽ được dùng thay thế cho thì tương lai đơn trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (bắt

đầu bằng “when” “before” “until” )

_ You will see him when he comes back tomorrow (“comes” được dùng trong mệnh đề thời gian “when”)

_ I will not send her your letter until you arrive London.

II Thì tương lai gần:(Tương lai chỉ ý định)

A – Công thức:

S + am/ is/ are + going to + V(inf.) …….(dự định sẽ)

S + am/ is/ are + Ving… (sắp sửa)

B – Cách dùng:

Thì này được dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra hoặc 1 dự định sắp tới (thường trong câu không có cụm từ chỉ thời gian)

Eg: My father is retiring

Where are you going to spend your holidays?

C – Bài tập: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì HTĐ hay thì TLĐ:

1/ We (go) out when the rain (stop)

2/ I (stay) _ here until he (answer) me

3/ Wait until I (catch) you

4/ I (be) _ ready before you (count) _ ten

5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) out

6/ Miss Helen (help) _ you as soon as she (finish) _ that letter

7/ He (tell) _ you when you (get) there

8/ She (not come) until you (be) _ ready

9/ He (tell) you when you (ask) him

10/ I (come) and (see) _ you before I (leave) for England

Dïng c¸c tõ gîi ý viÕt c¸c c©u dïng be going to:

1 Kate and her friend/ visit a friend in the hospital/ this afternoon

2 lan/ go on a holiday/ next month

3 I/ see the doctor/ this afternoon

4 Richard/ have lunch/ at twelve o’clock

5 He/ see his parents/ next week

6 They/ move to the new house/ next week

7 How/ he/ cook dinner?

8 Where/ people/ sit/ at the party?

9 Why/ your sister/ study engineering?

10 How long/ you/ stay here?

Period 8: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Các bước đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động như sau:

Ví du: Đổi câu sau sang bị động:

She cleans the house everyday

Chủ ngữ động từ (ở thì hiện tại đơn) tân ngữ trạng từ

Trước khi chuyển sang câu bị động phải phân tích câu

Sơ đồ chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:

Câu chủ động: S(chủ ngữ) + V + O(tân ngữ)

Câu bị động: S’ + be + pp + by O’

1 2 3 4Sau khi phân tích câu xong ta chuyển theo thứ tự các bước sau:

1_ Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động làm chủ từ câu bị động (The house)

2_ Chia động từ “to be” phù hợp với thì của động từ trong câu chủ động và chủ từ vừa mới tìm được

(The house is)

3_ Thêm quá khứ phân từ của động từ chính (The house is cleaned)

4_ Thêm “By” và chuyển chủ ngữ của câu chủ động sang làm tân ngữ của câu bị động và thêm các thành phần khác để hoàn thành câu

( The house is cleaned by her everyday.)

Nếu chủ từ của câu chủ động là các từ như: “someone”; “somebody”; “nobody”; “they”; “people” thì trong câu bị động người ta không dùng từ “by” và các từ này nữa.

Chú Ý: _ Nếu câu chủ động có các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn thì đặt chúng trước “By + tân ngữ bị động”

Chủ động The police found him in the forest.

Bị động He was found in the forest by the police.

_ Nếu câu chủ động có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thì đặt chúng sau By + tân ngữ bị động

Chủ động: Her parents will buy a new car next month.

Bị động: A new car will be bought by her parents next month.

*) THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG ở các thì đã học: S + be + PP + (by O):

Thì To be (chia trùng với thì của động từ chủ động Quá khứ phân từ của động từ

Động từ khiếm khuyết

MỘT SỐ DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT

_ CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ: “SAY”;”THINK”; “BELIEVE”; “REPORT”

Bị động:Cách 1: It + be(thì) said + (that) + S2 + V2 + O2

Cách 2: S2 + be(thì) said to INF (của V2) + O2

Period 9: Exercises : CÂU BỊ ĐỘNGChoose the best answer to complete each sentence:

1) Asian people eat rice Rice in many parts of Asia

2) Nowadays a lot of dangerous work _ by robots

3) Who wrote the story "Romeo and Juliet"? _ It _ by Shakespeare, an English writer

A is written B was written C has been written D wrote

4) The package containing books and records _ last week

A is delivered B delivered C was delivered D has been delivered

A the telephone was invented

B did the telephone invent C did the telephone inventedD was the telephone invented

6) English _ all over the world.

7) The students _ to be present in class at 2 p.m.

8) The new stadium _ next years

9) Mary can't use her computer now It _

A is being repaired B was repaired C is repaired D has been repaired10) This is a very popular TV programme It _ by millions of people every week

11) Last night someone broken into our house Oh, dear, _?

A has anything taken B is anything taken C was anything taken D were anything taken12) Police are looking for the missing boy He _ any where

A can not be found B not be found C doesn't found D will not be found13) Nowadays jeans _ all over the world

14) When I was young, I used to _ to school by my father

A be taken B being taken C take D taking

15) Mr David can't use his office at the moment It _

A is decorated B redecorated C is being decorated D was decorated

16) A tree was lying across the road It _ down in the storm

17) That church looks very old When _?

A is it built B has it been built C was it built D did it build

18) His photograph _ on TV

19) He _ to drive a Land Rover

20) They are building a new highway around the city

A A new highway is built around the city

B A new highway around the city is built C Around the city a new highway is being builtD A new highway around the city is being built

21) People doesn't use this road very often

A This road is used not very often

B Not very often this road is not used

C This road very often is not used

D This road is not used very often22) How do people learn language?

A How are languages learned by people?

B How are languages learned? C How languages learned?D How languages are learned?

23) Nobody cleaned these rooms yesterday

A These rooms were cleaned yesterday

B These rooms didn't be cleaned yesterday C Yesterday these rooms were not cleaned.D These rooms did not clean yesterday

24) People feed these animals twice a day

A These animals are feed twice a day

B These animals are fed twice a day

C These animals fed twice a day

D These animals were fed twice a day

25) Someone was cleaning the room when I arrived

A The room cleaned when I arrived

B The room was cleaned when I arrived C The room was being cleaned when I arrivedD The room was cleaning when I arrived

26 You should give us this information

A We should give you this information

B We should be given this information C We should be give this information.D This information should give us

26 They are repairing our car at the garage

A Our car is repairing at the garage

B Our car is being repairing at the garage C Our car is being repaired at the garageD They are being repaired our car at the garage

27 We will finish the report in time

A The report will finish in time

B The report will be finished in time C The report will be finish in time.D The report is finished in time

28 We made certain mistakes

A Certain mistakes were made

B Certain mistakes made us C Certain mistakes made.D Certain mistakes was made

29 They considered his speech one of the best

A His speech was considered one of the best

B His speech was one of the best

C His speech one of the best was considered

D His speech considered them one of the best

30 They thought that the man was still living

A The man thought he was still living

B D It thought the man to be still living C The man is thought to be still living.D The man was thought to be still living

31 She advised me to sell that house

A I am advised to sell that house

B I advised her to sell that house C I was advised to sell that house.D She was advised to sell that house

32 How did the police find the lost man?

A How was the lost man found by the police?

B How the lost man found by the police? C How the police found the lost man?D How was the police found by the lost man?

33 They believed that she won the competition

A She was believed to win the competition

B It was believed to win the competition C It was believed her to win the competition.D She believed them to win the competition

34) Do they teach English here?

A Is English taught here?

B English is teach here? C Is English teach here?D English taught here?

35) They may use this room for the classroom

A This room may use for the classroom.

B The classroom may be used for this room C They may be used for the classroom.D This room may be used for the classroom

36) The teacher is going to tell a story

A A story is going to be told by the teacher

B A story is going to tell by the teacher C A story be told by the teacher.D A story is going to tell the teacher

36) Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife

A A cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary

B A cake is cut with a sharp knife by Mary

C A sharp knife is cut with a cake by Mary

D A & C are correct

37) Somebody has taken some of my books away

A Some of my books have been taken away

B Some of my books have taken away C Some of my books away have taken.D Some of my books taken away

 Chọn các chữ cái (A, B, C hay D) cĩ chứa các lỗi sai và sửa:

38) Him (A) was taken to (B) hospital in (C) an ambulance (D) yesterday.

39) English (A) is believe (B) to be (C) an international (D) language.

40) The (A) watch has (B) not repaired (C) by the man yet (D).

41) The (A) book had found (B) by the boy (C) before they came (D).

42) He is very (A) brave His friends (B) are impresses (C) by his bravery (D).

43) I help (A) to recall (B) my memories by (C) my friends I must say thanks to (D) them.

44) They didn t tell’ (A) all the details (B) of (C) the case by (D) their parents.

45) I had (A) my motorbike repair (B) yesterday but (C) now it still doesn t work’ (D)

46) They (A) were took (B) for a drive in (C) the new car by (D) my father.

Period 10: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ DANH TỪ

I Danh động từ:(Gerund)

Danh động từ có cấu trúc giống như hiện tại phân từ ( tức là động từ thêm ING) : talking, learning, cutting, lying…

Danh động từ thực hiện chức năng của một danh từ trong câu Nó thường được :

1/ Dùng làm chủ từ : (subject)

- Swimming is good for our health

- Being friendly will bring you friends.

2/ Dùng làm túc từ cho động từ : (object of a verb)

- These boys like swimming

- My brother practises speaking English every day.

3/ Dùng làm túc từ cho giới từ : (object of a preposition)

- He is fond of swimming

- She is interested in learning English

4/ Dùng làm bổ ngữ cho chủ từ : (subject complement)

- My hobby is swimming

- Seeing is believing

5/ Dùng trong câu ngăn cấm ngắn (short prohibition) hoặc để thành lập danh từ kép (compound noun)

- No smoking - No talking, please

- a swimming pool - a dining room - a washing machine

6/ Dùng sau tính từ sở hữu :

- Please forgive my coming late

- His driving carelessly often causes accidents.

7/ Dùng sau một số động từ và một số cách diễn đạt nhất định như : admit (thừa nhận), advise (khuyên), avoid (tránh), consider (nghĩ tới), delay (trì hoãn), deny (phủ nhận), dislike (không thích), enjoy (thích), finish (hoàn tất), hate (ghét), keep (tiếp tục), like (thích), mind (lưu tâm), practise (luyện tập), postpone (trì hoãn), quit (bỏ), risk (liều), suggest (đề nghị), can’t help (không thể không), can’t bear (không thể chịu đựng), can’t stand (không thể chịu đựng), be worth (đáng), be busy (bận), it’s no use (vô ích), there’s no (không…)…

- We enjoy listening to music

- I can’t help laughing when she makes jokes.

+ Chú ý : Một số động từ có thể theo sau bởi danh động từ hoặc động từ nguyên mẫu nhưng có sự khác biệt

về nghĩa trong câu

(*) Remember + gerund : nhớ lại việc đã thực hiện.

- I remember posting the letter

Remember + to infinitive : nhớ để thực hiện.

- I’ll remember to post the letter

(*) Stop + gerund : ngưng thực hiện việc đang làm.

- She stopped mending the dress

Stop + to infinitive : ngưng làm một việc gì khác để làm việc này.

- He stopped to have a drink

(*) Try + gerund : thử làm việc gì

- I’ve tried writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better

Try + to infinitive : cố gắng làm việc gì.

- They tried to work as hard as they could

(*) Mean + gerund : mang ý nghĩa.

- Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year

Mean + to infinitive : dự định làm việc gì.

- He means to take the coming exam

(*) Forget + gerund : quên điều gì đã xảy ra - I forgot telling her this story.

Forget + to infinitive : quên làm điều gì - I forgot to tell her about this

(*) Regret + gerund : hối tiếc việc đã xảy ra - She regrets going to a village school.

Regret + to infinitive : hối tiếc sẽ làm việc gì - I regret to tell you that I can’t go with you.

*) Hiện tại phân từ (V-ING) và quá khứ phân từ (V-ED) làm tính từ:

Hiện tại phân từ (V-ing) Quá khứ phân từ (V-ed)

_ Thường liên quan đến vật, sự vật

_ Mang nghiã chủ động

+ The football match is exciting.

+The film was very boring.

_ Thường liên quan đến người

_ Mang nghĩa bị động

+ We are excited about the football match.

+ He was bored with the film.

+ The film made him bored.

_ interested in ; tired of ; surprised at ; amused at/by ; excited about ; bored with; frightened of; terrified of

II Danh từ

A Cách chuyển danh từ số ít sang danh từ số nhiều:

Danh từ là một phần quan trọng khơng thể thiếu trong ngơn ngữ Trong tiếng Anh cĩ danh từ số ít và danh từ số nhiều Ngồi cách chuyển theo quy tắc thơng thường là thêm “s” vào danh từ để biến từ dạng số ít sang dạng số nhiều, thì cịn cĩ những trường hợp ngoại lệ mà khơng phải ai cũng biết Sau đây là một số ngoại lệ thơng dụng:

1 Danh từ số ít kết thúc bằng “f” hoặc “fe”

Với những danh từ kết thúc bằng “f/ fe”, khi chuyển sang danh từ số nhiều, ta bỏ f/fe và thêm ves Tuy nhiên cĩ một

số trường hợp vẫn giữ nguyên f/fe sau đĩ thêm s, một số trường hợp thì chấp nhận cả hai cách

Ví dụ:

Bỏ f/fe, thêm ves: a knife – knives, one half – two halves, my life – their lives, a wolf – wolves

Giữ nguyên, thêm s: one roof – roofs, a cliff – many cliffs, a safe – safes

Cĩ thể giữ nguyên, cũng cĩ thể bỏ f/fe thêm s: a dwarf – the seven dwarfs/ dwarves, one wharf – a few

wharfs/ wharves

2 Những danh từ số nhiều đặc biệt

Những danh từ số nhiều đặc biệt xuất xứ từ tiếng Anh cổ Bạn hãy học thuộc những từ này bởi chúng được sử dụng rất phổ biến

• a person people

• a foot – feet

• a goose – geese

• a tooth – teeth

• a child – children

• an ox – oxen (castrated bulls)

• a brother – brethren (in church orders), brothers (in a family)

• a mouse – mice

• a louse – lice (con chấy, rận)

• a die – dice (for playing games) (hột sỳc sắc)

3 Một cỏch viết cho danh từ số nhiều và số ớt

Cú rất nhiều danh từ cú dạng số nhiều và số ớt giống nhau như:

• a sheep – sheep, a deer – deer, a moose – moose

• a fish – fish (fishes: dựng khi chỉ cỏc loài cỏ khỏc nhau )

• a dozen – two dozen roses, a hundred – several hundred men (nhưng cú thể núi: dozens of roses, hundreds

of people)

4 Danh từ luụn ở dạng số nhiều

Một số danh từ luụn ở dạng số nhiều, cho dự cú kết thỳc bằng “s” hay khụng

• The police are looking for the robbers

• I like these pants / jeans / shorts

• Use either scissors or nail clippers

• Binoculars are stronger than any glasses.

Một số danh từ khỏc, kết thỳc bằng “s” lại mang một nghĩa khỏc Other nouns ending with “s” only have a plural form only with certain meanings

• customs (hải quan)

• Một số danh từ kết thỳc bằng “s” nhưng lại thường là dạng số ớt

Cỏc loại bệnh tật: measles, rabies

Cỏc lĩnh vực nghiờn cứu: economics, ethics, linguistics, politics, physics, gymnastics

Cỏc trũ chơi: dominoes, darts, cards

Vớ dụ: I study mathematics, which is very difficult Dominoes is my favorite pastime

• Một số danh từ cú dạng số ớt và số nhiều giống nhau, đều kết thỳc bằng chữ s: Barracks, means, headquarters, crossroads

Vớ dụ:

 a TV series – many TV series,

 Money is a means to an end

 Newspapers and TV are means of mass-communication

 There is one species of humans but many species of cats

Những từ kết thỳc bằng “y” thường chuyển “y” thành “i” rồi mới thờm “es”

Cry-cries, fly-flies, party-parties

B Cách phát âm đuôi S/ES của động từ ngôi thứ ba số ít, danh từ số nhiều, và sở hữu cách.

 Đọc là /S/ nếu sau từ tận cùng bằng các âm nh /k/, /p/, /f/, /θ/,/t/.

Plural nouns 3 rd singular verbs– Possessives

 Đäc lµ /Z/ sau c¸c tõ tËn cïng b»ng c¸c phơ ©m cßn l¹i, vµ tÊt c¶ c¸c nguyªn ©m.

Bob’s Olive’sDonald’sPeg’sDaniel’sTom’sJane’sKing’sJo’sClay’sClare’s

C Cấu tạo danh từ:

Danh từ Teach – teacher; type – typist; collect – collector

Science – scientist; art – artist

* Một số danh từ ghép (V-ING + Noun)

Chỉ mục đích sử dụng

_ a reading lamp: đèn bàn; _ fising rod: dây câu; _ fighting cock: gà đá

_ writing paper: giấy viết _ wrapping paper: giấy gói; _ cooking apple

_ eating apple : táo ăn _ dancing shoes: giày khiêu vũ

*)Một số danh từ ghép (Noun + Noun)

_ A schoolboy - An inkpot - a tea cup - a tennis court

- a match box - a paper mill - a race horse

BÀI TẬP VỀ TO INFINITIVE VÀ V- ING

1 He’s not really interested in on the farm

2 I’ll do the shopping when I’ve finished the house

3 She is one of those who enjoy _ money on clothes

4 He is used to _ late until he finishes his work

5 My father doesn’t allow me _ in his room

6 It’s better to avoid during the rush hour

7 When I’m tired, I enjoy listening to music It’s

8 I have difficulty in and English

A speak - writing B speaking - writing C to speak – to write D speak - write

9 I don’t mind _ you the washing up

A help - do B helping - doing C helping - do D to help – to do

10 The children are looking forward to on holiday

11 Her advice made him his mind

12 They spend a lot of time about what they would do

13 Do your parents permit you at night after 10 p.m.?

14 The Internet will make it easier English

15 They agree _ him some money to buy a new bike

16 The climb was because of the bad weather

17 I hope she doesn’t keep us

18 I am going to have my car _ tomorrow

19 I find the time of English meals very strange – I’m not used dinner at 6 p.m

20 I’m really looking forward _ to university

21 I wish I had enough money _ a computer

22 He telephoned me _ me to his birthday party

23 “The Spy Returns” is a very _ film about a wealthy man who visits Italy

24 Tell him to see me at once

25 He advises us more studious

26) We don’t allow people in this room

27) Nothing will make me my mind

28) Tom let me his car yesterday

29) Students stopped noise when the teacher came in

30) He’ll try the same mistake again

31) Would you mind me a newspaper?

32) Would you like a dance with me?

33) I hope that tiring work again

34) They postponed the school for lack of finance

35) Are his ideas worth to?

36) Do you agree me some money?

37) Tom refused me his address.

38) My watch keeps

39) My grandfather gets used to up early in the morning

40) You should try any shirts you want to buy

41) Do you often practise English?

42) Would you like me down the radio?

43) We found it very difficult a decision

44) I was looking forward to you yesterday

45) It takes me hours a letter

46) He is too busy care of her

47) I promise to give you an opportunity questions

48) I caught a cold yesterday from in the rain

49) He is very in my story

50) I didn’t find the situation funny It wasn’t

51) I went home early because I felt

52) It’s a work, so you’ll get of it

A bored/ tired B bored/ tiring C boring/ tiring D boring/ tired

53) He seems quite with his new job

54) Do you think the film is ?

55) It was that he passed the exam

56) Everybody was that he passed the exam

57) Why do you always look so ? Is your life really ?

A bored/ boring B bored/ bored C boring/ bored D boring/ boring

58) I still(A) remember to leave(B) your hat here(C) this morning(D).

58) He’s(A) tired He stopped(B) to work(C) for a while(D).

60) Please(A) remember write(B) to me(C) as soon(D) as possible.

61) She(A) began play(B) the guitar when(C) she was six(D).

62) I’d(A) like telling(B) you something(C) about myself(D).

63) You have an(A) interview with (B)Mr Lee tomorrow Don’t(C) forget meeting(D) him.

64) I don’t regret to tell(A) her what(B) I thought, even though (C) it made her angry(D).

65) I tried writing(A) a letter but(B) my hands were too(C) cold to hold(D) a pen.

66) Lan enjoys to read(A) English newspapers(B) very much She wants to improve (C) her English(D).

67) It’s(A) no use telephone(B) Lan She’s(C) out now(D).

68) I was lonely(A) at first, but(B) after a short time(C) I got used to live alone(D).

69) Would(A) you mind telling(B) me how get(C) to (D) the post office?

70) I wanted to stop (A) buying(B) some presents, but(C) I didn’t have enough(D) time.

Period 11+12: TÍNH TỪ (ADJECTIVES) VÀ TRẠNG TỪ (ADVERBS)

I Adjectives and Adverbs.

1 Adjectives:

* Positions: - Adj + N beautiful hat

- be/ seem/ appear/ feel/ taste/ look/ keep + Adj He seems tired now.

- be/ seem/ look/ taste + too + Adj He is too young to drive a motorbike.

- be + Adj + enough She is tall enough to play volleyball.

- be/ seem/ look/ taste/ smell/ + so + Adj + that The story is so interesting that I can’t put it down.

- How + Adj + S + V How beautiful the girl is.

Notes: Trật tự từ của tính từ:

- Tính từ chỉ cảm nghĩ đứng trớc tính từ miêu tả: an interesting young man.

- Đôi khi chúng ta dùng hai hay nhiều tính từ miêu tả trong một câu, thì trật tự của chúng đợc sắp xếp nh sau:

Số lợng + Chất lợng + Kích thớc + Tuổi tác + Màu sắc + Xuất xứ (quốc gia)+ Chất liệu + NOUN

eg a beautiful old French picture.

- Tính từ chỉ kích thớc và chiều dài (big, tall, long ) thờng đi trớc tính từ chỉ hình dáng và chiều rộng (round, fat, wide ) eg a long narrow street

- Khi có hai hoặc hơn hai tính từ chỉ màu sắc,ta dùng liên từ ‘and’

eg a red, white and green flag.

2 Adverbs: là những từ dùng để diễn tả tính cách, đặc tính, mức độ, trạng thái và đợc dùng để bổ nghĩa

cho động từ, tính từ, trạng từ khác hoặc cho cả câu

* Positions: - V(trợ động từ) + Adv + V (thờng) I have recently finished my homework.

- be/ feel/ look/ + Adv + Adj I feel completely interested in this book.

- V (thờng) + too + Adv He studied too lazily to pass his exam.

- V (thờng) + so + Adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.

- S + V + (O) + Adv He drives carefully.

- V (thờng) + Adv + enough He worked hard enough to succeed.

- Adv cũng có thể đứng một mình ở đầu câu (hoặc giữa câu giữa hai dấu “,”)

Suddenly, he heard a strange voice.

II Degrees of comparison of Adj and Adv.

1 Equal dgree: S + V + as + Adj/ Adv + as + N/ Pronoun.

eg He is as tall as his father / Mai is as beautiful as her mother.

- Có thể thay ‘as’ bằng ‘so’ trong câu phủ định S + Be not + as/so +Adj + as N/ Pronoun

S + do/ does not +as/so + Adv +

eg Your pen is not so expensive as mine.

- Có thể diễn đạt ý bằng nhau, nh nhau:

S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun (pronoun).

eg My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his.

Marry is as old as Tony = Marry and Tony are the same age.

2 Comparative degree:

a Short Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + short Adj/Adv + er + than + Noun/ Pronoun.

eg Today is hotter than yesterday./ He runs faster than I do.

- Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng là phụ âm đơn ( trừ w, x, z) đứng trớc một nguyên âm đơn thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối + er

big - bigger

- Tính từ 2 âm tiết có tận cùng là : y, le, er, ow, et + er quieter, cleverer, narrower

- Tính từ 2 âm tiết nhng kết thúc bằng một phụ âm + y, đổi ‘y’ thành ‘i’ + er happier

- So sánh hơn có thể đợc nhấn mạnh bằng cách cộng thêm ‘much’ hoặc ‘far’

S + V + far/ much + short Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun.

eg Today is much hotter than yesterday.

b Long Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + more long Adj/ Adv + than + Noun/Pronoun.

eg This chair is more comfortable than the other.

He speaks English more fluently than I do

- Nhấn mạnh : S + V + far/ much + more + long Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun

eg Hoa’s watch is much/ far more expensive than mine.

He reads much more rapidly than his brother.

- So sánh kém hơn: S + V + less Adj/ Adv than noun/ pronoun

eg My TV is less beautiful than yours.

He drives less carefully than I think.

3 Superlative degree:

S + V + the + short Adj/Adv + est + in (danh từ đếm đợc số ít)

+ the most + long Adj/ Adv + of (danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều)

+ the least + Adj/ Adv

eg He is the tallest in my class

Nga is the most inteligent of all the students.

Those shoes are the least expensive of all.

the next (về thứ tự)

the last (về thứ tự)

elder the eldest (về cấp bậc hơn là tuổi tác)

4 So sánh kép (double comparatives):

a Càng ngày càng, mỗi lúc một hơn.

* Với tính từ ngắn: Adj + ER and Adj + er The weather gets warmer and warmer

* Với tính từ dài: more and more + Adj She becomes more and more beautiful.

b Càng ngày càng ít , càng ngày càng kém : less and less + Adj

eg He is less and less hard-working.

c Càng thì càng

* Với tính từ ngắn: The adj + er , the adj + er

eg The darker it gets, the colder it is.

* Với tính từ dài: The more adj , the more adj

eg The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is.

* Với động từ: the more , the more The more you learn, the more you forget.

Note: Nhiều khi hai vế không cùng một loại tính từ dài hay ngắn nhng có thể sử dụng lẫn lộn với nhau (hoặc vế trớc tính từ, vế sau động từ hoặc ngợc lại, )

eg The more she smiles, the more graceful she is.

d Càng ít , thì càng ít Càng kém , thì càng kém

* Với tính từ: The less + adj , the less + adj .

eg The less difficult the lessons are, the less hard-working the students.

* Với động từ : the less , the less

The less I live with him, the less I like him.

5 Những cách nói khác có tính cách so sánh.

a Other than : khác I want to read other novels than these.

b Rather than: hơn là We want to be poor rather than rich.

c Had better: nên You’d better stay at home than go fishing.

d Had rather hoặc Would rather: thích hơn We’d rather watch a film than read a book.

6 Danh từ cũng có thể đợc dùng trong so sánh:

S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun.

hoặc S + V + more/ fewer/ less + noun + than + noun/ pronoun.

eg He earns as much money as his brother.

I have more books than she does.

BÀI TẬP: Chọn từ thớch hợp để điền vào chỗ trống

1) Sarah is at chemistry than Susan

2) I don’t work so hard my father

3) Sam is the student in my class

4) No one in my class is beautiful her

5) Going by train isn’t convenient as going by car

6) The test is not difficult it was last month

7) Peter usually drives Mary

8) She cooked than you.

9) This film is interesting than that film

10) My salary is his salary

A high B more high than C much higher than D more higher than

11) He works we do

12) No one in this class is Jimmy

13) Apples are usually oranges

14) I know him than you do

15) Marie is not intelligent her sister

16) Janet is tennis player in the club

17) I ran than Tom

18) She can speak English I can

19) Ann is 18 years old Sue is 20 years old Ann is Sue

20) Nobody can cook as as my mother

21) Jane can swim than I can

22) Tom drives than Jim does

23) Today the weather is than yesterday

24) Sound travels more light does

25) My bicycle is yours

26) This ring is that one

A valuable B more valuable C valuable than D more valuable than27) Hue is beautiful Dalat

28) Nam is Tan

A much big than B much bigger than C more bigger than D the biggest

29) My computer is modern yours

30) She doesn’t work her sister

31) What is road in this city?

32) Hoa is the of the three students

33) My brother sings me

34) Thong is the in my class

35) What month is in the year?

36) I have job in the world

37) Our team didn’t play I expected.

38) Could you talk ? I’m trying to work

39) Sorry we’re late Your house is much than we thought

40) Write a report first It’s more important your other work

41) Thank you! That’s gift I have ever received

42) Jordan played skillfully O’Neal

43) The little boy spoke English his brother

A more fluent than B fluently than C more fluent than D more fluently than44) His job is important than his friend’s

45) He plays the guitar well as my brother

46) Tom reads than his sister

47) California is farther from New York Pennsylvania

48) China is the country with the population

49) My sister is much than me

50) Do you feel today than yesterday?

51) He is the person we know

52) Mary is as her sister

53) Today English is international of languages

54) We are not you

55) Is this book more interesting the one you read last week?

56) John is much I thought

A strong B more strong C much stronger than D more stronger than57) I’m a player than she is

58) Nobody in this team plays Tom

59 Ho Chi Minh city is _ than Hanoi

60 The bus takes _ than the train

 Chọn các chữ cái (A, B, C hay D) có chứa các lỗi sai và sửa:

61) Peter plays (A) the piano (B) better (C) I do (D).

62) Mary looks (A) more prettier (B) than (C) she used to be (D).

63) Your (A) computer works (B) fast (C) than mine (D).

64) The problem seems (A) to be more serious (B) that (C) we thought (D).

65) His father (A) and he (B) can run so (C) fast as (D) I do.

66) This (A) machine is not so (B) modern than (C) that one (D).

67) This film is (A) more interesting (B) the one (C) we saw (D) last week.

68) His old (A) house in the countryside (B) is the smaller (C) than his new one in the city (D).

69) “What (A) is the most long (B) river in the world (C)?” asked (D) the teacher.

70) That is the more (A) boring film that (B) my friend and (C) I have ever seen (D).

71) She’s as (A) good at (B) tennis so (C) her friends are (D).

72) His hand is (A) so (B) steady as (C) a rock (D).

73) She wrote a 250-word letter (A) to (B) her friend, who is more friendlier (C) than her (D).

74) The (A) dictionary wasn’t (B) as helpful than (C) I had hoped (D).

75) A new (A) house is much (B) most (C) expensive than an old one (D).

76) Summer nights (A) in Cairo are (B) much more warmer (C) than in (D) London.

Period 13: ĐẠI TỪ (PRONOUNS)

Đại từ là những từ dùng thay cho danh từ

Đại từ có thể được chia thành những loại sau:

- Đại từ nhân xưng (S, O)

- Đại từ sở hữu

- Đại từ phản thân

Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ phản thân

Eg: They gave her some flowers.

She put her arm through mine (my arm)

John bought himself a new car.

The students themselves decorated the room.

• chú ý: by + đại từ phản thân = alone (1 mình)

John washed the dishes by himself = John washed the dishes alone.

II Đại từ chỉ định (demonstrative pronouns)

1 This – These; That – those:

- Đại từ “this/these” để chỉ những gì gần về khơng gian, thời gian hoặc khái niệm; “that/ those” chỉ những gì ở xa

hơn: Do you know these people? This is Lan and this is Nam.

- Các đại từ trên thường được dùng với danh từ chỉ thời gian:

Eg: My father had to go to Hanoi this morning.

- Đại từ “that/ those” cĩ thể được thay cho 1 danh từ đã được nĩi đến rồi:

Eg: The population of China is bigger than that of Vietnam.

2 Such (như thế này, như thế kia):

Eg: He was a silent, ambitious man Such men usually succeed.

- “Such” thỉnh thoảng cĩ thể được thấy trong 1 cụm từ:

Eg: They export a lot of fruits such as oranges, lemons…

3 Same (như nhau):

Đại từ chỉ định “same” luơn luơn đứng sau mạo từ xác định “the”:

Eg: I found her just the same as before.

III Đại từ bất định (Indefinite pronouns):

1 Somebody, someone, something

- Được dùng trong câu khẳng định và đi với động từ số ít: I’ve got something to tell you.

- Được dùng trong câu hỏi khi câu trả lời là “yes”: Have you got something in your eyes?

- Được dùng khi muốn mời hay yêu cầu làm gì: Would you like something to drink?

2 Anybody, anyone, anything

- Được dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn và đi với động từ số ít: Is there anybody in the room?

- Được dùng trong mệnh đề “If”: If anyone has any questions, I’ll be pleased to answer them.

3 Nobody, noone, nothing

- Được dùng với nghĩa phủ định, cĩ thể đứng đầu câu hoặc đứng 1 mình và dùng với động từ ở hình thức số ít

- Khi dùng “nobody, noone, nothing” thì khơng dùng động từ phủ định: He said nothing.

- Sau “nobody, noone” cĩ thể dùng “they, them, their”: Nobody phoned, did they?/ Noone did their homework.

Period 14+15+16: ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ

 Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn

 Relative pronouns : WHO – WHOM – WHICH – WHOSE - THAT

1 The woman is my mother She wears a hat

 The woman who / that wears a hat is my mother

2 My mother is the person I always think of her

 My mother is the person whom / that I always think of

3 The bicycle is beautiful You are looking at it

 The bicycle which / that you are looking at is beautiful.

4 The book is my teacher’s It is on the table

 The book which / that is on the table is my teacher’s

5 He is the boy His father is the director of this company

 He is the boy whose father is the director of this company

 Relative adverbs : WHERE – WHEN – WHY

1 WHERE : được dùng để thay thế “ giới từ + which” : in which, at which, on which“ …” khi nói về nơi

chốn

Ex: I went to the office My father works in the office

 I went to the office in which my father works.

 I went to the office where my father works.

2 WHEN: được dùng để thay thế “giới từ + which” : in which , at which, on which “ … ” khi nói về thời

gian

Ex: You can visit me on Sundays I am usually free on Sundays

 You can visit me on Sundays on which I am usually free

 You can visit me on Sundays when I am usually free

3 WHY : được dùng để thay thế for + which “ ” khi nói về lý do

Ex: He refused my invitation The reason is unknown

 The reason why he refused my invitation is unknown.

NOTE : where , when , why “ “không bao giờ đi sau giới từ

 Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn : là mệnh đề bổ sung, đặt sau danh từ đã được xác định, và được ngăn cách

với mệnh đề chính bởi một hoặc hai dấu phẩy

Chức năng Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới

hạnChủ ngữ

Tân ngữ

Ex: Michael Jackson is an American singer I saw him on TV yesterday.

 Michael Jackson , whom I saw on TV yesterday , is an American singer.

Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( không giới hạn ) , danh từ xác định thường là :

 Danh từ riêng : Nam, Hong , Mr Smith, Mrs Green …

 Đại từ chỉ định : this , that , these, those

 Tính từ sở hữu : my, your , our , their , his, her

Ex:  Mr Pike is very nice He is my neighbor  Mr Pike , who is my neighbor , is very nice.

 This matter is of great importance You should pay attention to it

 This matter , to which you should pay attention, is of great importance

 Do you see my pen ? I’ve just written the lesson with it  Do you see my pen, with which I ’ ve just written the lesson

NOTES

a “That” thường được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:

 Khi từ đi trước chỉ người và vật

Ex: The girls and flowers that he painted were vivid

 Sau so sánh nhất khi danh từ đi trước làm tân ngữ và sau những từ như : the first, the last, the only, the

very, any, all, nothing, anything, everything, few, nobody,

Ex: You are the person that I have been looking for. She is the ugliest girl that I’ve ever seen.

I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she

b “That” không bao giờ được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:

 Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đứng trước

Ex: The house in which / in that I live is my father’s.

That is the man from whom / from that I borrowed the car.

 Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn

Ex: Viet Nam, which / that is in the south-east Asia, exports rice.

BÀI TẬP:

*Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence

1) A football player is a person play football

2) Marie Curie was a French physicist _ father was Polish

3) _, which is an old university, is known all over the world

4) They took her to the hospital, _ is only a mile away

5) Yesterday she had to do a difficult English test for she did not prepare

6) Tom, _ fixes my bicycle, has just won the lottery

7) was a French Emperor, fought his final battle in Waterloo

A Napoleon who B Napoleon, who C Napoleon, that D Napoleon, whose8) Ann found the book that wanted at the bookshop

9) This is the school my father used to teach

10) It is the English articles puzzle me most

11) Charles Dickens, whose _ all over the world, was not very successful with his career at first

A books read B books reading C books are read D books to read

12) That is my friend _ comes from Japan

13) That's the doctor for _ Cliffs works

14) Mary, _ I met at the party, called me last night.

15) Tell me about the city _ you grew up

16) I still remember the man _ taught me to play the violin when I was a boy

17) No one knows exactly _ we laugh

18) London is the city in I was born

19) Not all artists are famous have spent years studying

20) Do you know a nearby restaurant has good food?

21) Do you know a shop I can buy a computer?

22) The house he lives is not very big

24) this is the bank was robbed yesterday

25) My friend Minh, was my classmate in primary school, is moving to Ho Chi Minh city next week

26) The hotel we stayed during our last summer holiday was very expensive

27) Many members in my class like Mai, to our class last month, do not like the new teacher

28) I live in a building there are 40 floors

29) I live in a building has 40 floors

30) The police have discovered the paintings were stolen last month from the museum

31) Ted, fixes my car, has just won the lottery

32) Do you have a calculator I can borrow?

33) They seem to give the children anything they want

34) Africa music is the music of the black peoples

A who lives in the south of the Sahara

B who live south of the Sahara

C at lives in south of the Sahara

D which live south of the Sahara35) In Mexico, chocolate is an ingredient in mole sauce,

A that is often served with chicken

B it is often served with chicken

C which is often served with chicken

D which often served with chicken36) It is large, old trees _

A which shade houses and streets from the sun

B to shade houses and streets from the sun

C that shade houses and streets from the shade

D they shade houses and streets against the sun

37) All states in the United States and Mexico have laws _

A that regulate hunting

B that regulates hunting C which regulating huntingD regulated hunting

38) I took the damaged watch to my watch maker knows how to repair all sorts of things

39) He will take us to the town we can see old temples

40) Peter works for a factory makes motorbikes

41) What was the name of the girl _ bicycle was stolen?

42) She will help you _ she has some free time.

43) Somebody forgot this hat I wonder hat that is

45) Scientists study fossils (Hoá thạch) to learn _ the animals looked like

46) Most kinds of bats (loài dơi) make their home in the tropics, they can find food the year round

47) A person wants to build a house must first select a piece of land

48) It was in the United Kingdom and then France _

A where the writer works for the rest of his life

B when the writer worked for the rest of his life

C that the writer worked for the rest of his life

D did the writer work for the rest of his life49) Can you show me to use this washing machine?

50) Dien Bien Phu is the place _ our army won a resounding victory in 1954

51) Dr Sales is the person _

A in that I don’t have much confidence (sự tin tưởng)

B whom I don’t have much confidence in him

C I don’t have much confidence

D in whom I don’t have much confidence52) Have you found the book ?

A you’re looking for B you’re looking for it C which you’re looking for it D that you’re looking for it53) Brenda told me about her new job, very much

A she’s enjoying B she’s enjoying it C which she’s enjoying D that she’s enjoying54) This is Henry, _ sister works for my father

55) The artist name I can’t remember is one of the best I have ever known

Tìm lỗi sai trong những câu sau và sửa lại cho đúng:

56 Ha Noi is (A) the place which (B) I grew up (C) between the age (D) of two and ten.

57 Darwin, who (A) theory of evolution (B) is famous throughout (C) the world, was an English scientist (D).

58 I'm grateful to (A) Mr Anderson, whom (B) taught me the first (C) lessons of (D) computer skills

59 The singer which (A) performed live (B) on VTV3 yesterday has always (C) been the singer I admire most (D).

60 The plants which (A) is (B) in the living room (C) need a lot of water (D).

61 The teacher lives (A) in that (B) old house is (C) my father’s (D) friend.

62 The (A) girl whom (B) he fell in love with her (C) left him after a few (D) months.

63 Peter, that (A) I spoke to on the phone (B) last night, is (C) very interested in (D) mathematics.

64 The (A) woman after who (B) Ann is looking is (C) very old and (D) poor.

65 Do you know (A) the restaurant where (B) we can have a really good (C) meal there (D)?

66 What’s (A) the name of (B) the man who (C) car you borrowed (D)?

67 I’ll A) never forget B) the day which (C) I first met her (D).

68 She doesn’t (A) want to talk about (B) the reason why (C) she divorced her husband for the reason (D).

69 The (A) bed on that (B) I slept (C) last night has no (D) mattress.

Period 17: MẠO TỪ (ARTICLES)

1.Mạo từ không xác định “a / an “: được dùng trước danh từ đếm được số ít để diễn tả một điều gì

đó chưa rõ, chưa cụ thể, chung chung, đề cập lần đầu

- An + danh từ bắt đầu là 1nguyên âm ( a, o, e, u,i ) và h câm ( an hour, an honest man )

- A + danh từ bắt đầu là 1 phụ âm (hoac a unit , a university , a uniform… )

- A / an còn được dùng trước danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp ( a doctor, an engineer )

- A/ an còn được dùng trước các từ chỉ số lượng như a couple, a great deal of = a lot of, a few, a little, a half …

Không được dùng” a / an “:

- Danh từ số nhiều như apples, dishes, women, children …

- Danh từ không đếm được như gold, sugar, water, milk, time, money, information, news, lunch, breakfast, weather

2.Mạo từ xác định “ the “: được sử dụng khi :

- Danh từ được đề cập cụ thể trước đó, người nói hoặc người nghe biết rõ

Ex : Whose is the car outside ?

- Danh từ được lặp lại

Ex : She works for a computer company The company has sent her to work in different parts

of the country

- Danh từ được theo sau bởi cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề

Ex : The students who have just passed the tests can sit for the entrance exam

- Trước so sánh nhất ( the most + Adj hoặc the Adj – est ) hoặc sau số thứ tự như the first, the second, the last

Ex : He is the fastest runner in the race

- Trước những danh từ duy nhất như the earth, the moon, the world, the sun, the universe, the president

- Trong cấu trúc : the N of ( the) N như the major of London

- Trước các từ : The United Kingdom, The United States, the Atlantic / Pacific, , the guitar, the violin, the past, the future, the ground, the same, the next, the only, the previous, the following, the cinema, the radio

- The + Adj : the poor, the rich, the blind, the deaf, the Vietnamese, the Chinese

Bài tập: INSERT A AN, THE IF NECESSARY

1 My neighbor is ………… photographer

2 Let ‘s ask him ……….advice

3 We have ……chips for……… breakfast

4 They have ……… dinner in ……….restaurant

8 A travel agent would give you ………… information about ……… hotels

9 I ‘m on …………diet I ‘m trying to lose ……… weight

10 ………… youngest boy has just started going to ………….school

A a B an C the D X

13 Students don’t go to ………school on Sundays

14 I went to …………school to talk to ………….headmistress

15 Mr Smith is ………….old customer and ………… honest man

18.I have ……… little money left Let ‘s have dinner in …………restaurant

A a / the B a / a C the / the D X / a

19 My mother usually goes to ………….church in ………… morning

30 ………fishes live in ……… water

31……….sun rises in …………East

32 It is going to rain …… sky is dark

33.It was ……….long flight , but finally we arrived in ……… Paris

34 Dr John is ………… most insufferable person I know

40 She can’t play ………….piano but she can play …………violin

41 There is a bedroom and a living room ……bedroom is big

A a B an C the D X

42……….Thames flows into …………North Sea

43…………rich should help ……… poor

44 Make sure you put your name at ………… end of the report

54.Are they ……… English or ……… French ?

55……… English play against …………French this season

56.……… English are proud of their traditions

61.Abdul was invited to _ supper at _ home of an American family

A the / the B The / X C X / X D the / X

62 _ sharks are fish but _ whales are not

63 He has been appointed _ Minister of Education

64 I saw _ car crash this morning Fortunately, nobody was hurt in _ accident

65 Would it be trouble to you to buy me newspaper on way home ?

Period 18: GIỚI TỪ (PREPOSITIONS)

Giới từ (preposition) là từ dùng để nối một danh từ (noun) hoặc đại từ (pronoun) với những thành

phần khác trong câu.

- He goes to school every day.

- I usually get up at six o’clock.

- He’s been waiting for her since early morning.

[A] : Một số giới từ chỉ thời gian thông dụng (Some common prepositions of time)

* AT : Ta dùng at với điểm thời gian (times)

at 5 o’clock at 11.45 at midnight at noon at lunchtime

- Tom usually leaves work at 5 o’clock.

Ta cũng dùng at trong những thành ngữ sau:

At night - I don’t like going out at night.

At the weekend / at weekends - Will you be here at the weekend?

At Christmas / at Easter - We give each other presents at Christmas.

At the moment / at present - Mr Benn is busy at the moment.

At the same time - Ann and I arrived at the same time.

At the age of… - Tom left school at the age of 16 / at 16.

* ON : Ta dùng on với ngày trong tuần (days) và ngày trong tháng (dates)

on March 12 th on Friday on Christmas Day

- They got married on March 12 th

Ta cũng có thể nói :

on Friday morning(s) on Sunday afternoon(s) on Saturday night(s)

on the morning of the fifth …

- I usually go out on Sunday evenings.

* IN : Ta dùng in với khoảng thời gian dài hơn như : tháng (months), năm (years), mùa (seasons):

in the 18 th century in the 1970s in the Middle Ages

Ta cũng có thể nói :

in the morning(s) in the afternoon(s) in the evening(s)

- I’ll see you in the morning.(nhưng I’ll see you on Friday morning.)

Ta không được dùng at / on / in trước last và next:

- I’ll see you next Friday.

- They got married last March.

Nếu sau in là một khoảng thời gian thì thời gian đó ở tương lai:

- The train will leave in a few minutes (= a few minutes from now)

- Jack’s gone away He’ll be back in a week (= a week from now.)

- They are getting married in six months.

[B]: Một vài giới từ chỉ vị trí thông dụng (Some common prepositions of position)

* AT : Ta dùng at khi ta muốn nói ai đó đang có mặt tại một sự kiện nào đó đang xảy ra (someone is

at an event) như :

at a concert at a football match at a cinema

- Were there many people at the party?

- I saw Jack at the football match on Saturday.

Chúng ta nói :

- Julia is studying medicine at university.

- Tom’s father is in hospital.

- Have you ever worked on a farm?

* IN : Ta dùng in với thành phố (cities) và làng mạc (villages).

- His parents live in London.

- He was born in a small village near Manchester.

Ta thường nói :

in a room in a building in the water in a row /in a line

in a town in a country in a river in an armchair

in a picture in a photogragh in a mirror in the sky

in your hand in a newspaper in your hand in the mountain

- “Who is that woman in that photogragh ?”

- It was a lovely day There wasn’t a cloud in the sky.

- Don’t sit in that armchair It’s broken.(nhưng Don’t sit on that chair.)

at the top at the end of the street at the back at the bus stop

at the bottom at the corner of the street at the front at the door

- Who is that man standing at the door ?

- Write your name at the top of the page.

- Jack’s house is a white one at the end of the street.

- There’s a telephone box at / on the corner of the street.

Nhưng : - The television is in the corner of the room.

on the ceiling on the wall on the floor on a page

on a board on a shelf on a chair on your nose

on the left on the right on the ground on the beach

on an island on the coast on a road on the way

- In Britain we drive on the left.(…on the left-hand side.)

- Our flat is on the second floor of the building.

- Tom spent his holiday on a small island off the coast of Scotland.

[C] : Giới từ theo sau tính từ : (Prepositions following Adjectives.)

Có một số tính từ mà theo sau chúng buộc phải có những giới từ nhất định nào đó (theo cấu trúc

Adjective + preposition) Hãy học thuộc lòng các nhóm tính từ dưới đây :

* nice / kind / good / generous / mean / stupid / silly / intelligent / clever / (im)polite / rude / unreasonable OF someone (to do something) :

- Thank you It was very kind of you to help me.

- It’s stupid of her to go out without a coat She’ll catch cold.

Nhưng : (to be) nice / kind / good / generous / mean/ (im)polite / rude/ (un)pleasant / (un)friendly / cruel TO

someone :

- She’s always been very nice to me.

- Why were you so rude to Ann?

* angry / annoyed / furious ABOUT something

angry / annoyed / furious WITH someone FOR doing something

- What are you so angry about ?

- They were furious with me for not inviting them to the party.

* delighted / pleased / satisfied / disappointed WITH something :

- I was pleased with the present you gave me.

- Were you disappointed with your examination results?

* bored / fed up WITH something :

- You get bored with doing the same thing every day.

* surprised / shocked / amazed / astonished AT / BY something

- Everybody was very surprised at the news.

* excited / worried / upset ABOUT something :

- Are you excited about going on holiday next week ?

- Ann is upset about not being invited to the party.

* afraid / frightened / terrified / scared OF someone / something :

- “Are you afraid of dogs ?” – “Yes, I’m terrified of them.”

* proud / ashamed OF someone / something :

- I’m not ashamed of what I did In fact I’m quite proud of it.”

* jealous / envious / suspicious OF someone / something :

- Why are you always jealous of other people?

- He didn’t trust me He was suspicious of my intentions.

* aware / conscious OF something :

- “Did you know they were married ?” – “No, I wasn’t aware of that.”

* good / bad / excellent / brilliant / hopeless AT (doing) something :

- I’m good at repairing things.

* married / engaged TO someone :

- Linda is married to an American.

* sorry ABOUT something :

- I’m sorry about the noise last night We were having a party.

Nhưng : sorry FOR doing something :

- I’m sorry for shouting at you yesterday.

Nhưng cách nói này thì được dùng thường hơn : I’m sorry I …

- I’m sorry I shouted at you yesterday.

* (feel / be) sorry FOR someone :

- I feel sorry for George He’s got no friends and no money.

* impressed BY / WITH something :

- I wasn’t very impressed by the film.

* famous FOR something :

- Florence is famous for its art treasures.

* responsible (TO someone) FOR something :

- Who was responsible for all that noise last night ?

- I’ll be responsible to the principal for my teaching.

* different FROM (or TO) someone / something :

- The film was quite different from what I expected.

* interested IN something :

- Are you interested in art and architecture?

* capable / incapable OF something :

- I’m sure you are capable of passing the examination.

* fond OF someone / something :

- Mary is very fond of animals She has three cats and two dogs.

- Your handwriting is similar to mine.

* crowded WITH (people) :

- The city centre was crowded with tourists.

Tuy nhiên, có một vài tính từ mà theo sau chúng là những giới từ khác nhau và nghĩa của chúng cũng khác nhau:

- Swimming is good for health (Bơi lội có lợi cho sức khoẻ )

- Jack is good at Japanese (Jack giỏi tiếng Nhật)

- Mary is very good with her hands (Mary rất khéo tay)

- Mr Brown is good to all of us (ông Brown tử tế với tất cả chúng tôi)

EXERCISE I : Put in the correct prepositions: at, on or in.

1/ The course begins 7 January and ends 10 March

2/ I went to bed midnight and got up 6.30 the next morning

3/ Mozart was born Salzburg 1756

4/ There are usually a lot of parties New Year’s Eve

5/ Mary and Henry always go out for a meal their wedding anniversary

6/ The price of electricity is going up October

7/ I might not be at home the morning Can you phone the afternoon ?

8/ Tom doesn’t see his parents very often these days – usually only Christmas and sometimes the summer for a few days

9/ Tom’s grandfather died 1977 the age of 79

10/ I’m going out to do some shopping I’ll be back half an hour

EXERCISE II : Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions :

1 Mr Smith is very kind us

2 He is different his wife

3 We are pleased the result of our work

4 We are confident the success

5 Most people are afraid snakes

6 Our country is rich natural resources

7 Hue city is famous its historical vestiges

8 My mother is always busy her housework

9 Dirty air is harmful our health

10 We are proud our people’s heroic tradition

11 The teacher’s advice is profitable the students

12 The streets are crowded vehicles at the rush hour

13 The climate of our city is favourable agriculture

14 The air at the seaside is good health

15 My friend is good maths and physics

Period 19: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)

Mỗi câu điều kiện thường có hai mệnh đề:

S + V(Thì hiện tại đơn) KĐ: S (số ít) + V-es/ V-s

S (số nhiều) + V (nguyên mẫu)

PĐ: S (số ít) + doesnot + V(nguyên mẫu)

S (số nhiều) + donot + V (nguyên mẫu)

S + V (Thì tương lai đơn):

KĐ: S + Shall/ will + V(nguyên mẫu)

PĐ: S +Shallnot/will not+V(ng/ mẫu) NV: Shall/ Will + S + V(nguyên mẫu) II_ Cách dùng:

Dùng câu điều kiện loại I khi hành động hay tình huống ở mệnh đề If (Mệnh đề điều kiện) có thể xảy

ra ở hiện tại hay tương lai

If I see Lan tomorrow, I will give her your book.

Will you visit her if you have time?

If it does not rain, we will play football.

PĐ: S + didnot + V(nguyên mẫu)

Trừ “to be” luôn chia ở “were” cho tất cả các ngôi

KĐ: S + would + V(nguyên mẫu)

PĐ: S + would not + V(nguyên mẫu) NV: Would + S + V(nguyên mẫu) Quá khứ giả định giống với quá khứ đơn trừ “tobe” chia là “were” cho tất cả các ngôi.

II_ Cách dùng:

Dùng câu điều kiện loại II khi hành động hay tình huống ở mệnh đề If (Mệnh đề điều kiện) không có thật ở hiện tại hay trái ngược với các dữ kiện ở hiện tại.

If he had a garden, he would grow roses (He doesn’t have a garden)

If I were you, I would not buy that bicycle.

What would you do if you were in England now?(You are not in England now).

 Chú ý: Ở dạng câu nghi vấn thì ta chỉ đặt mệnh đề chính ở dạng câu nghi vấn:

What would she do if she were you?

BÀI TẬP:

1) If that hat costs much, I a small one

2) If I _ that mistake again, my teacher will get angry with me

3) If I spoke English well, my job a lot easier

4) I will lend them some money if they _ me

5) My dog will bark if it _ any strange sound

6) If I enough money, I would buy a house

7) They _ you in if you come late

8) If you away, I’ll send for a policeman

9) If I your place, I would accept Mr Anderson’s invitation

10) If I (win/had won/won/winning) a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job

11) If I _ you, I _ the truth

A am/ will tell B were/ will tell C am/ would tell D were/ would tell

12) I was busy If I free time I _ to the cinema with you

A have/ will go B have/ would go C had/ will go D had/ would go

13) What we do if they do not come tomorrow?

14) If I had enough time now, I _ to my parents

15) It’s too bad Helen isn’t here If she here, she what to do

A is/ will know B was/ will know C were / would know D were/ would have known16) Get up early or you will miss the bus

A if you get up early, you will miss the bus

B If you don’t get up early, you will not miss the bus

C Unless you don’t get up early, you will miss the bus

D Unless you get up early, you will miss the bus17) Most people you meet will be polite to you _

A if you are polite to them C Unless you are polite to them