From the exquisite fragility of a butterfl y to the might and majesty of a humpback whale, explore the extraordinary diversity of life in this lavishly illustrated celebration of the animal kingdom. Packed with awe-inspiring images taken by some of the world’s top wildlife photographers, here are hundreds of fascinating species in their natural environments. Discover more at www.dk.com An Incredible Photographic Portrait of the Animal World 000-001_Wild_Prelims_bear.indd 1 13/5/09 16:51:48US_000-001_Wild_Prelims_bear.indd 1 15/5/09 11:57:20 002-003_Wild_Prelims.indd 2 13/5/09 13:54:11US_002-003_Wild_Prelims.indd 2 15/5/09 16:00:05 002-003_Wild_Prelims.indd 3 13/5/09 13:54:27 l i f e i n t h e w i l d US_002-003_Wild_Prelims.indd 3 15/5/09 11:57:07 004-005_Wild_Contents.indd 4 13/5/09 16:53:03 PROJECT EDITOR Nicky Munro SENIOR ART EDITOR Sharon Spencer EDITOR Bob Bridle MANAGING EDITOR Stephanie Farrow MANAGING ART EDITOR Lee Griffiths PRODUCTION EDITOR Joanna Byrne PRINT PRODUCTION CONTROLLER Imogen Boase US EDITOR Chuck Wills Produced with assistance from XAB DESIGN 39c Highbury New Park London N5 2EN First American Edition, 2009 Published in the United States by DK Publishing 375 Hudson Street New York, New York 10014 09 10 11 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 176202—October 2009 Copyright © 2009 Dorling Kindersley Limited All rights reserved Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-7566-5696-6 DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 or SpecialSales@dk.com. Printed and bound in Singapore by Star Standard LONDON, NEW YORK, MELBOURNE, MUNICH, AND DELHI US_004-005_Wild_Contents.indd 4 1/6/09 12:49:55 004-005_Wild_Contents.indd 5 13/5/09 16:53:22 c o n t e n t s 006 introduction 008 mammals 078 birds 148 reptiles and amphibians 218 fish 288 invertebrates 358 index 360 acknowledgements US_004-005_Wild_Contents.indd 5 15/5/09 11:57:00 006-007_WildIntro1.indd 6 13/5/09 14:00:05 Introduction Animal life is astonishing, intriguing, and compellingly beautiful. Its sheer variety is staggering, from the sleek muscularity of a wild horse to the mechanical articulation of a scuttling crab to the mesmerizing fluidity of a jellyfish. It can inspire awe and sometimes even fear, but it is always fascinating. To watch a tiny insect hovering at a flower as it sips nectar is to see a miniature miracle of natural engineering, and to witness the deadly strike of a bird of prey is to marvel at the savage elegance of the hunter. Life in the wild might be hard, but the ruthless logic of survival against the odds has driven the evolution of animals that are all, in their diverse ways, honed to perfection. Zoologists categorize animals into 37 groups called phyla. Of these, 36 are invertebrates, or animals without backbones, such as insects, spiders, snails, and worms. Just one phylum contains the vertebrates—the fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Yet these are the animals with which we are most familiar, partly because they are the biggest, but also because they are our closest relatives. Birds alone inspire enthusiasm that can verge on the obsessive, thanks to their exquisite plumage and fascinating behavior. US_006-007_WildIntro1.indd 6 15/5/09 11:56:42 006-007_WildIntro1.indd 7 13/5/09 14:00:46 Such enthusiasm for wildlife can lead on to the kind of scientific study that has given us a deep and hugely valuable understanding of the natural world. For some, however, this type of analysis can get in the way of their instinctive appreciation of the sheer exuberance and beauty of nature. Instead of hard facts, they want the frisson of excitement that is triggered by a close encounter with a wild animal. For this, nothing can compare with physically being there—the almost tactile experience of close, personal proximity—but we can get very close to it by seeing animals through the eyes and lenses of some of the world’s finest wildlife photographers. We can feel their passion, sense their excitement, and share their elation. This book is a celebration of both animal diversity and the wildlife photographer’s art. The images glow with color and depict every detail of texture, from the scales of a butterfly’s wing to the cracks in the hide of a rhinoceros. They draw you into the animal’s world in a way that no description, explanation, or diagram can. You can almost smell the hot breath of the African buffalo, and hear the croak of the calling tree frog. This is nature in the raw, uncluttered by interpretation or zoological detail. It is a wildlife experience in itself. 07 I N TR ODU C TI ON US_006-007_WildIntro1.indd 7 1/6/09 12:49:41 008-009_mammals_opener1.indd 8 13/5/09 16:56:10US_008-009_mammals_opener1.indd 8 15/5/09 11:56:34 [...]... vertebrate species, and a tiny fraction—0.25 percent—of all known animal species Yet while the mammals are small in numbers, they often loom large in the landscape The African savannas teem with tiny insects, but the animals that we notice are the grazing herds of antelopes, gazelles, and zebras, and the prowling lions and hyenas that prey upon them The largest of all land animals, the African elephant,... long-tailed macaque, or crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), is a native of southeast Asia It is a social animal that lives in a troop in which males are in the minority and both genders may be promiscuous Youngsters, such as this one, are looked after mainly by their mother and are not weaned until they are over a year old Typically, young males leave the troop around the time they become sexually... habitats have brought about spectacular evolutionary adaptations, such as the giraffe’s neck and the huge eyes of the nocturnal tarsier The result is a wonderful variety of species Some, such as the giant anteater, are specialized for particular habitats and diets Others, such as the gray wolf, are adaptable enough to live almost anywhere, much like the most adaptable mammals of all—humans mammals 011... remove a piece of skin Usually the victim will feel nothing Anticoagulants in the bat’s saliva keep the blood flowing as the bat laps it up The lemur is endemic to Madagascar and neighboring islands Its thumbs are opposable, like a human’s, and its fingers and toes are tipped with nails, rather than claws This strikingly marked lemur is Coquerel’s sifaka (Propithecus coquereli) This dangling black-and-white... predatory mammals are relatively rare: there is Adaptable, intelligent, and able to thrive in almost any habitat, mammals are one of the greatest success stories of evolution every habitat on Earth While Weddell seals hunt beneath the sea ice off Antarctica, monkeys clamber through the tropical rain forest canopy, and desert foxes pursue gerbils over the sands of the Sahara The demands of different habitats... the time they become sexually mature, while young females will stay in their natal troop The long-tailed macaque has a varied diet that includes crabs, fruit, leaves, and insects 027 mammals The distinctive nose of the male proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) serves a dual purpose It attracts females and also acts as a resonating chamber to amplify warning calls When the male is distressed, his nose... planet, in all climates Indeed a single mammal species, the gray wolf, once lived almost worldwide from the Arctic to the Arabian desert This flexibility has enabled mammals to exploit almost 013 mammals Australia’s koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) spends most of its time—up to 20 hours a day— snoozing in eucalyptus trees, gripping onto the branches with its long sharp claws The koala is more active at... elephant, is a mammal, and so is the blue whale the largest animal that has ever lived Such giants have appetites to match, and not simply because of their size Mammals are warm-blooded creatures that use a colossal 80 percent of their energy intake simply to maintain their body temperature A lion must eat at least five times as much food as a cold-blooded crocodile of equal size, and this explains why... Initially they are as helpless as human infants, but develop almost twice as quickly At eight weeks they can crawl and at 20 weeks they can stand up, beginning to walk soon afterward Mountain gorillas are found only in the forests of the Virunga Mountains, in Central Africa 031 mammals o The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) spends most of its life high up in forest trees, where it feeds, breeds, and constructs... Some mammals are certainly a little harder to identify A dolphin is very like a shark, which is a fish, and in the past most people assumed that dolphins were indeed fish But most mammals—even spiny hedgehogs, winged bats, and armor-plated armadillos—are immediately recognizable as such This is probably because we are mammals too Our forelegs may have become arms, we may have lost most of our fur, and . gazelles, and zebras, and the prowling lions and hyenas that prey upon them. The largest of all land animals, the African elephant, is a mammal, and so is the blue whale the largest animal that has. the mammals are small in numbers, they often loom large in the landscape. The African savannas teem with tiny insects, but the animals that we notice are the grazing herds of antelopes, gazelles,. draw you into the animal’s world in a way that no description, explanation, or diagram can. You can almost smell the hot breath of the African buffalo, and hear the croak of the calling tree