Peterson’s TOEFL ® 2005 Bruce Rogers TESTPREP SUCCESS About The Thomson Corporation and Peterson’s The Thomson Corporation, with 2002 revenues of US$7.8 billion, is a global leader in providing integrated information solutions to business and professional customers. The Corporation’s common shares are listed on the Toronto and New York stock exchanges (TSX: TOC; NYSE: TOC). Its learning businesses and brands serve the needs of individuals, learning institutions, corporations, and government agencies with products and services for both traditional and distributed learning. Peterson’s (www.petersons.com) is a leading provider of education information and advice, with books and online resources focusing on education search, test preparation, and financial aid. Its Web site offers searchable databases and interactive tools for contacting educational institutions, online practice tests and instruction, and planning tools for securing financial aid. Peterson’s serves 110 million education consumers annually. Petersons.com/publishing Check out our Web site at www.petersons.com/publishing to see if there is any new information regarding the test and any revisions or corrections to the content of this book. We’ve made sure the information in this book is accurate and up-to-date; however, the test format or content may have changed since the time of publication. “TOEFL” is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS). The author and the publisher are in no way affiliated with ETS, nor has ETS endorsed the contents of this text in any way. The test questions and all other testing information are provided in their entirety by the author and Peterson’s. TOEFL Success is adapted from The Complete Guide to The TOEFL Test, CBT Edition, by Bruce Rogers and published by Heinle & Heinle/Thomson Learning. TOEFL Success is published with a CD. The CD will allow you to practice what you have learned using state-of- the-art computer software. The software was created by Cambridge Educational Services, 2720 River Road, Ste. 36, Des Plaines, IL 60018. For more information, contact Peterson’s, 2000 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648; 800-338-3282; or find us on the World Wide Web at www.petersons.com/about. COPYRIGHT © 2004 by Bruce Rogers Previous editions © 1996, 2001, 2002, 2003 Editor: Joe Ziegler; Production Editor: Megan Hellerman; Manufacturing Manager: Judy Coleman; Composition Manager: Gary Rozmierski; Interior and Cover Design: Allison Sullivan; CD Producer: Carol Aickley. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems—without the prior written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at www.thomsonrights.com Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson.com ISBN 0-7689-1492-2 (text and audiocassettes) 7th Edition ISBN 0-7689-1491-4 (text with CD) 5th Edition Printed in the United States of America 10987654321 060504 Fifth Edition ALERT! The TOEFL is changing. In September 2005, the next generation of the TOEFL will be introduced. For information, please visit the official TOEFL Web site at www.toefl.org. CONTENTS PREFACE About This Book ix How to Use This Book xi Acknowledgments xiii TEST BASICS What Is the Computer-Based TOEFL Test? . 1 TEST BASICS Introduction to Listening 8 SECTION 1 Listening PREVIEW TEST 1 Listening 12 PART A: Dialogues 18 Lesson 1. Dialogues with Sound Confusion 23 Lesson 2. Dialogues with Homonyms and Words with Multiple Meanings 26 Lesson 3. Dialogues with Idioms 30 Lesson 4. Answering Inference Questions about Dialogues 35 Lesson 5. Dialogues Involving Agreement and Disagreement . . . 39 Lesson 6. Dialogues Involving Suggestions, Invitations, Offers, and Requests 43 Lesson 7. Dialogues Involving Contradictions, Assumptions, and Questions 50 Lesson 8. Answering Questions about Plans, Topics, and Problems 54 Lesson 9. Dialogues with Special Verbs 57 PART B Extended Conversations 62 Lesson 10. Answering Main Idea/Main Topic Questions about Extended Conversations 66 Lesson 11. Answering Detail and Inference Questions about Extended Conversations 68 Lesson 12. Answering Matching and Ordering Questions about Longer Talks 71 v TEST BASICS Introduction to Structure 77 SECTION 2 Structure PREVIEW TEST 2 Structure 82 Lesson 13. Independent Clauses 85 Lesson 14. Adjective Clauses 90 Lesson 15. Adverb Clauses 94 Lesson 16. Noun Clauses 99 Lesson 17. Parallelism 102 Lesson 18. WordForms 108 Lesson 19. Word Choice 118 Lesson 20. Verbs 128 Lesson 21. Participles 135 Lesson 22. Gerunds, Infinitives, and Simple Forms 139 Lesson 23. Pr onouns 146 Lesson 24. Singular and Plural Nouns 152 Lesson 25. Prepositions 157 Lesson 26. Articles 163 Lesson 27. WordOrder 168 Lesson 28. Conjunctions 175 Lesson 29. Comparisons 178 Lesson 30. Appositives 182 Lesson 31. Misplaced Modifiers 184 Lesson 32. Negatives 187 TEST BASICS Introduction to Reading 191 SECTION 3 Reading PREVIEW TEST 3 Reading 198 Lesson 33. Overview Items 206 Lesson 34. Detail, Negative, and Scanning Items 217 Lesson 35. Inference and Purpose Items 224 Lesson 36. Vocabulary Items 231 Lesson 37. Reference Items 238 Lesson 38. Sentence Addition Items 244 CONTENTS viwww.petersons.com SECTION 4 Essay Writing ABOUT ESSAY WRITING 256 PREVIEW TEST 4 Essay Writing 263 Lesson 39. Prewriting 267 Lesson 40. Writing the Essay 276 Lesson 41. Impr oving Your Essay 281 Lesson 42. Checking and Editing Your Essay 288 PRACTICE TEST TAKING THE PRACTICE TEST 298 Section 1. Listening 301 Section 2. Structure 306 Section 3. Reading 309 Section 4. Essay Writing 317 ANSWER KEYS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS Section 1. Listening 322 Section 2. Structure 355 Section 3. Reading 367 Section 4. Essay Writing 377 Practice Test 384 CONTENTS vii www.petersons.com PREFACE About This Book If you are preparing for the TOEFL test, you are not alone. Almost a million people all over the world took the test last year. A high score on this test is an essential step in being admitted to graduate or undergraduate programs at almost all colleges and universi- ties in North America. But preparing for this test can be a difficult, frustrating experience. Perhaps you haven’t taken many standard- ized, multiple-choice tests such as the TOEFL. Perhaps you are not familiar with the format for the computer-based TOEFL. Maybe you’ve taken the TOEFL once but were not satisfied with your score, or maybe you’ve taken the test several times but can’t improve your score beyond a certain point. In any of these cases, you need a guide. That’s why this book was written—to help students preparing for this important examination to maximize their scores. This is the most complete, accurate, and up-to-date TOEFL preparation book available. It is based on years of classroom experience teaching TOEFL preparation classes in the United States and abroad and on years of research on the test. TOEFL Success is simply written and clearly organized and is suitable for any intermedi- ate or advanced student of English as a second or foreign language. TOEFL Success offers a step-by-step program that teaches you critical test-taking techniques, helps you polish the language skills needed for the examination, and generally makes you a smarter test-taker. And the guide is an efficient way to prepare for the TOEFL; by concentrating only on the points that are tested, it lets you make the most of your preparation period and never wastes your time. If you have purchased the CD version of this book, you can access additional TOEFL practice. If you have purchased this book without tapes or CDs, you do not have to skip the sections that call for recordings. In the back of the book, you will find complete “audio scripts.” You can either read these to yourself as you complete the listening sections or have a friend or family member read them to you. Good luck on the TOEFL! ix [...]... you will need to work both quickly and accurately to complete each section within the time constraints You will still receive a score, even if you do not complete all of the questions in a section Questions and Answers about the TOEFL Test Q: What is the TOEFL test? A: TOEFL stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language The TOEFL test is designed to measure the English-language ability of people who... Service (ETS) of Princeton, New Jersey, prepares and administers the TOEFL test This organization produces many other standardized tests Although there are other standardized tests of English, the TOEFL test is, by far, the most important in North America ETS has offered this examination since 1965 Each year, almost a million people take the TOEFL test at testing centers all over the world Q: What format... be other changes to the TOEFL test in the near future? A: Yes In September 2005, ETS will debut a new TOEFL, which will include a speaking section, among other changes Q: How can I get more information about the TOEFL test? A: You can contact ETS via e-mail or get updated information about the test from its home page on the World Wide Web: E-mail: toefl@ ets.org; Web site: www .toefl. org Q: Is it possible... hear:* M1: Do you think I should leave this chair against the wall or put it somewhere else? F1: Over by the window, I’d say M2: What does the woman think the man should do? You will read: What does the woman think the man should do? (A) Open the window (B) Move the chair (C) Leave the room (D) Take a seat The correct answer is (B) From the conversation, you find out that the woman thinks the man should... USE THIS BOOK Getting Started Section 1: Listening The first section of the book serves as an introduction to the exam The opening portion of this section, Questions and Answers About the TOEFL Test, provides you with basic information about the format of the test, guides you through the process of registering for the examination, and helps you understand your scores What It’s Like to Take the TOEFL. .. Each of these sections consists of the following components: This section is divided into two parts: Part A: Dialogues and Part B: Extended Conversations If you have purchased a version of this book with tapes or CDs, use them to accompany the audio sections See page ix for instructions for the nonaudio version of this book Section 2: Structure This section categorizes common grammatical points tested... lessons and allow you to chart your progress xi HOW TO USE THIS BOOK SUGGESTIONS FOR USING THIS BOOK The amounts of time required to cover each segment of this book are given below Keep in mind that these times are approximate and do not include review sessions Whether working alone or in a group, you should begin your preparation for the TOEFL test by reading the introductory Test Basics You can then... answer or something similar to it among the four choices • If you are not sure of an answer, try to eliminate unlikely choices and make your guess If you have no idea which answer is correct, click on your guess answer and go on • Never spend too much time on any one problem Concentration is important in this part of the test Once you choose an answer, don’t think about the last item—start thinking about... BASICS TEST-TAKING TIPS FOR THE CAT SECTIONS OF THE COMPUTER-BASED TOEFL TEST The purpose of TOEFL Success is to help you prepare for all forms of the test You will increase your chances of scoring high on the TOEFL by being completely familiar with the content and format you will encounter on test day The strategies and review sections of this book, as well as the practice tests, provide lots of opportunity... will hear:* M1: Do you think I should leave this chair against the wall or put it somewhere else? F1: Over by the window, I’d say M2: What does the woman think the man should do? At the same time, you will see a photograph Immediately after the dialogue is spoken, the photograph will disappear, and you will hear and read a question about the dialogue: M2: What does the woman think the man should do? . Edition ALERT! The TOEFL is changing. In September 2005, the next generation of the TOEFL will be introduced. For information, please visit the official TOEFL Web site at www .toefl. org. CONTENTS PREFACE. guide. That’s why this book was written—to help students preparing for this important examination to maximize their scores. This is the most complete, accurate, and up-to-date TOEFL preparation. the TOEFL! ix HOW TO USE THIS BOOK Getting Started The first section of the book serves as an introduction to the exam. The opening portion of this section, Questions and Answers About the TOEFL