Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY A basic architectural split is between the user equipment (terminals) and the infrastructure. This results in two domains: the User Equipment Domain and the Infrastructure domain. User equipment is theequipment used by the user to access UMTS services. User equipment has a radio interface to theinfrastructure.

Objectives Version1Rev0 Objectives On completion of this chapter the student should be able to: • Name and state the purpose of the UMTS Domains • Describe the architecture of a UMTS network. • Describe the purpose of the major network components. • Describe the options for evolution to future releases. © 2009 Motorola, Inc. CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR T RAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED 2-3 USR7 Version1Rev0 UMTS Domains UMTS Domains Domain split A basic architectural split is between the user equipment (terminals) and the infrastructure. This results in two domains: the User Equipment Domain and the Infrastructure domain. User equipment is the equipment used by the user to access UMTS services. User equipment has a radio interface to the infrastructure. The infrastructure consists of the physical nodes which perform the various functions required to terminate the radio interface and to support the telecommunication services requirements of the users. The infrastructure is a shared resource that provides services to all authorised end users within its coverage area. The reference point between the user equipment domain and the infrastructure domain is termed the "Uu" reference point (UMTS radio interface). User equipment Domain This domain encompasses a variety of equipment types with different levels of functio nality. These equipment types are referred to as user equipment (terminals), and they may also be compatible with oneormoreexistingaccess(fixed or radio) interfaces e.g. dual mode UMTS-GSM user equipment. The user equipment may include a removable smart card that may be used in different u ser equipment types. The user equipment is further sub-divided in to the Mobile Equipment Domain (ME) and the User Services Identity Module Domain (USIM). The reference point between the ME and the USIM is termed the "Cu" reference point. Mobile equipment Domain The Mobile Equipment performs radio transmission and contai ns applications. The mobile equipment may be further sub-divided into several entities, e.g. the one which performs the radio transmission and related functions, Mobile Termination, (MT), and the one which contains the end-to-end application or (e.g. laptop connected to a mobile phone), Termin al Equipment,(TE). USIM Domain The USIM contains data and procedures which u nambiguously and securely identify itself. These functions are typically embedded in a standalone smart card. This device is associated to a given user, and as such allows to identify this user regardless of the ME he uses. Infrastructure Domain The Infrastructure domain is further split into the Access Network Domain, which is characterized by being in direct contact with t he User Equipment and the Core Network Domain. This split is intended to simplify/assist the process of de-coupling access related functionality from non-access related functionality and is in line with the modular principle adopted for the UMTS. The Access Network Domain comprises roughly the functions specific to the access technique, while the functions in the Core network domain may potentially be used with information flows using any access technique. This split allows for different approaches for the Core Network Domain, each approach specifying distinct types of Core Networks which c an be connected to the Access Network Domain, as well as different access techniques, each type of Access Network connected to th Core Network Domain. The reference point between the access network domain and the core network domain is termed the "lu" reference point. 2-4 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc. USR7 UMTS Domains Version1Rev0 UMTS Domains Home Network Domain Transit Network Domain Serving Network Domain Core Network Domain Access Network Domain Mobile Equipment Domain USIM Domain Infrastructure Domain User Equipment Domain Iu [Yu]Uu [Zu] Cu SIM CARD © 2009 Motorola, Inc. CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR T RAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED 2-5 USR7 Version1Rev0 UMTS Domains UMTS Domains Access Network D om ain The Access Network Domain consists of the physical entities which manage the resources of the access network and provides the user with a mechanism to access the core network domain. Core Network Domain The Core Network Domain consists of the physical entities which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. The support provided includes functionality such as the management of user location information, control of network features and services, the transfer (switching and transmission) mechanisms for signalling and for user generated information. The core network domain is sub-divided into the ServingNetwork Domain,theHome Network Domain and the Transit Network Domain. The reference point between the serving network domain and the home network domain is termed the [Zu] reference point. The reference point between the serving network domain and the transit network domain is termed the [Yu] reference point. Serving Network Domain The serving network domain is the part of the core network domain to w hich the access network domain that provides the user's access is connected. It represents the core network functions that are local to the user's access point and thus their location changes when the user moves. The serving network domain is responsible for routing calls and transport user data/info rmation from source to destination. It has the ability to interact with the home domain to cater for user specific data/services and with the transit domain for non-user specific data/services purposes. Home Network Domain The home network domain represents the core network functions that are conducted at a permanent location regardless of the location of the user 's access point. The USIM is related by subscription to the home network domain. The home network domain therefore contains at least permanently user specific data and is responsible for management of subscription information. It may also handle home specific services, potentially not offered by t he serving network domain. Transit Network Domain The transit network domain is the c ore network part located on the communication path between the serving network domain and the remote party. If, for a given call, the remote party is located inside the same network as the originating UE, then no particular instance of the transit domain is activated. 2-6 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc. USR7 UMTS Domains Version1Rev0 UMTS Domains Home Network Domain Transit Network Domain Serving Network Domain Core Network Domain Access Network Domain Mobile Equipment Domain USIM Domain Infrastructure Domain User Equipment Domain Iu [Yu]Uu [Zu] Cu SIM CARD © 2009 Motorola, Inc. CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR T RAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED 2-7 USR7 Version1Rev0 UMTSArchitecture-Release1999 UMTS Architecture - Release 1999 The diagram opposite illustrates the basic configuration of a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) supporting UMTS and GSM/GPRS. This architecture is as defined in Release 1999 of the 3GPP (Dec 02) specifications (TS23.002) The Core Network (CN) Entities The CN is constituted of a Circuit Switched (CS) domain and a Packet Switched (PS) domain. These two domains differ by the way they support user traffic, as explained below. These two domains are overlapping, i.e. they contain some common entities. A PLMN can implement only one domain or both domains. CS Domain The CS domain refers to the set of all the CN entities offering "CS type of connection" for user trafficas well as all the entities supporting the related signalling. A "CS type of connection" is a connection for which dedicated network resources are allocated at the connection establishment and released at the connection release. The entities specific to the CS domain are: • MSC - The Mobile-services Switching Centre • GMSC - Gateway Mobile Service Switching Centre • VLR - Visitor Location Register PS Domain ThePSdomainreferstothesetofalltheCNentitiesoffering"PS type of connection" for user traffic as well as all the entities supporting the related signalling. A "PS type of connection" transports the user information using autonomous concatenation of bits called packets: each packet can be routed independently from the previous one. The entities specifict othePSdomainaretheGPRSspecific entities, i.e. • SGSN - Serving GPRS Support Node • GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node EntitiesCommontotheCSandPSdomains The following entities are common provide common functions to the CS and PS Domains: • HLR-TheHomeLocationRegister • AUC - Authentication Centre • EIR - Equipment Identity Register 2-8 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc. USR7 UMTS Architecture - Release 1999 Version 1 Rev 0 UMTS Architecture - Release 1999 GMSC GGSN AuC HLR EIR SGSN VLR MSC VLR MSC SIM ME USIM Um Um CN BSC BTS BTS BSC BTS BTS RNC Node B Node B RNC Node B Node B H Gc Gr D C Gi Gs GfF G E Gp Gn PSTN PSTN Abis Gb BS S Abis lublub RNS RNSBSS SIM-ME I/f or MS Cu Uu IuPSIuCS IuPS IuCS A Iur © 2009 Motorola, Inc. CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR T RAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED 2-9 USR7 Version1Rev0 UMTSArchitecture-Release1999 UMTS Architecture - Release 1999 The Access Network (AN) Entities Two different types of access network are used by the CN: the Base Station System (BSS) and the Radio Network System (RNS). The BSS offers a Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA) based technology to access the Mobile Station whereas the RNS offers a Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) based technology. The MSC (resp. SGSN) can connect to one of these Access Networktypeortobothofthem. The Base Station System (BSS) The Base Station System (BSS) is the system of base station equipments (transceivers, controllers, etc ) which is viewed by the MSC through a single A-interface as being the entity responsible for communicating with Mobile Stations in a certain area. Similarly, in PLMNs supporting GPRS, the BSS is viewed by the SGSN through a single Gb interface. The functionality for the A interface is described in GSM 08.02 and for the Gb interface in TS 23.060. The radio equipment of a BSS may support one or more cells. A BSS may consist of one or more base stations. Where an Abis-interface is im plemented, the BSS consists of one Base Station Controller (BSC) and one or more Base Transceiver Station (BTS). The Radio Network System (RNS) The Radio Network System (RNS) is the system of base station equipments (transceivers, controllers, etc ) which is viewed by the MSC through a single Iu-interface as being the entity responsible for communicating with Mobile Stations in a certain area. Similarl y, in PLMNs supporting GPRS, the RNS is viewed by the SGSN through a single Iu-PS interface. The functionality for the Iu-CS interface is described in TS 25.410 and for the Iu-PS interface in TS 23.060. The radio equipment of a RNS may support one or more cells. A RNS may consist of one or more base stations. The RNS consists of one Radio Network Controller (RNC) and one or more Node B. TheMobileStation(MS) The mobile station consists of the physical equipment used by a PLMN subscriber; it comprises the Mobile Equipment (ME) and the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), called User Services Identity Module (USIM) for Release 99 and following re leases. The ME comprises the Mobile Termination (MT) which, depending on the application and services, may support various combinations of Terminal Adapter (TA) and Terminal Equipment (TE) functional groups. These functional groups are described in GSM 04.02. 2-10 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc. USR7 UMTS Architecture - Release 1999 Version 1 Rev 0 UMTS Architecture - Release 1999 GMSC GGSN AuC HLR EIR SGSN VLR MSC VLR MSC SIM ME USIM Um Um CN BSC BTS BTS BSC BTS BTS RNC Node B Node B RNC Node B Node B H Gc Gr D C Gi Gs GfF G E Gp Gn PSTN PSTN Abis Gb BS S Abis lublub RNS RNSBSS SIM-ME I/f or MS Cu Uu IuPSIuCS IuPS IuCS A Iur © 2009 Motorola, Inc. CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR T RAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED 2-11 USR7 Version 1 Rev 0 UMTS Network - Release 1999 UMTS Network - Release 1999 The diagram opposite shows a simplified schematic of a Release 1999 UMTS Network. It illustrates only those entities associated with providing a UMTS service (i.e. excludes any entities specifically associated with GSM/GPRS) Entities of the CN-CS Domain The Mobile Services Switching Centre (MSC) The Mobile-services Switching Centre (MSC) constitutes the interface between the radio system and the fixed networks. The MSC performs all necessary functions in order to handle the circuit switched services to and from the mobile stations. In order to obtain radio coverage of a given geographical area, a number of base stations are normally required; i.e. each MSC would thus have to interface several base stations. In addition several MSCs may be required to cover a country. The Mobile-services Switching Centre is an exchange which performs all the switching and signalling functions for mobile stations located in a geographical area designated as the MSC area. The main difference between a MSC and an exchange in a fixed network is that the MSC has to take into account the impact of the allocation of radio resources and the mobile nature of the subscribers and has to perform procedures required for the location registration (see TS 23.012) and procedures required fo r handovers (see TS 23.009). The Gateway MSC (GMSC) If a network delivering a call to the PLMN cannot interrogate the H LR, the call is routed to an MSC. This MSC will interrogate the appropriate HLR and then route the call to the MSC where the mobile station is located. The MSC which performs the routing function to the actual location of the MS is called the Gateway MSC (GMSC). The acceptance of an interrogation to an H LR is the decision of the operator. The choice of which MSCs can act as Gateway MSCs is for the operator to decide (i.e. all MSCs or some designated MSCs). The Visitor Location Register (VLR) A mobile station roaming in an MSC area is controlled by the Visitor Location Register (VLR) in charge of this area. When a Mobile Station (MS) enters a new location area it starts a registration procedure. The MSC in charge of that area notices this regi stration and transfers to the VLR the identity of the location area where the MS is situated. If this MS is not yet registered, the VLR and the HLR exchange information to allow the proper handling of calls involving the MS. A VLR may be in charge of one or several MSC areas. The VLR contains al so the information needed to handle the calls set-up or received by the MSs registered in its database. The following elements are included: • The International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI); • The Mobile Station International ISDN number (MSISDN); • The Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN), see TS 23.003 for allocation principles; • The Temporary Mobile Station Identity (TMSI), if applicable; • The Local Mobile Station Id entity (LMSI),ifused; • The location area where the mobile station has been registered; • The last known location and the initial location of the MS. 2-12 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc. USR7 [...]... CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 UMTS Network Release 5 Version 1 Rev 0 UMTS Network Release 5 Network Management (NMS) Um PSTN/ISDN GERAN BTS ABIS BSC Gb CN PS Domain Uu ATM/IP SGSN GGSN IMS UTRAN IuPS Iub NODEB HSS RNC IP Multimedia © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY. .. Reporting CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Version 1 Rev 0 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network Iu Iu RNS RNS Iur RNC Iub Node B Iub Node B RNC Iub Node B Iub Node B c © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS... neighbouring cells must therefore be found 4-8 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 Re-Use of Frequency Version 1 Rev 0 Re-Use of Frequency 5 2 4 1 5 3 4 1 7 1 USR7 6 1 3 3 5 2 7 4 6 3 4 6 2 2 7 3 4 5 2 4 5 © 2009 Motorola, Inc 3 5 7 3 6 1 6 1 2 4 6 2 7 7 1 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL... than GSM 4-10 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 Re-Use of Codes Version 1 Rev 0 Re-Use of Codes 10 1 5 7 29 1 7 26 34 35 © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 39 23 5 33 38 24 40 37 36 21 6 2 20 22 13 25 18 16 14 32 12 4 27 19 17 15 28 11 4 4 6 30 31 2 41 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL... CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 Radio network Controller (RNC) Version 1 Rev 0 Radio network Controller (RNC) UTRAN DRNC Functions · · · Macro-diversity Combining and Splitting No L2 Processing Transparent Routing except for Common/Shared Channels S-RNC © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 D-RNC CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR. .. CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 Spectral Efficiency (GSM and UMTS) Version 1 Rev 0 Spectral Efficiency (GSM and UMTS) GSM 8 Calls = 200 kHz Carrier 1 Call = 25 kHz 7 x 200 kHz = 1.4 MHz 1 Call = 25 kHz © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 UMTS 256 Calls = 5 MHz Carrier 1 Call = 19.4 kHz 7 Cells, 5 MHz 1 Call = 2.8 kHz CP13: Introduction. .. © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 IuPS RNC SGSN GGSN Data Network CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED 2-17 Version 1 Rev 0 UMTS Network Release 5 UMTS Network Release 5 Release 5 (R5) builds on the partial implementation of IP packet switching within the core network, to move to an all-IP architecture In this release, packets can be moved end -to- end using... Iur Iub Iub Node B Node B Iub Node B Uu User Equipment © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED 2-15 Version 1 Rev 0 UMTS Network R4 UMTS Network R4 In R4 the separation of the switching and call control functions within the core network is commonly referred to as a softswitch architecture The call control component, i.e... 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED 4-3 Version 1 Rev 0 Multiple Access Schemes Multiple Access Schemes There are 3 forms of multiple access schemes, frequency, time and code The major issue with the first two is the requirement to have guard bands Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) FDMA divides radio channels into a... Frequency © 2009 Motorola, Inc USR7 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED 4-5 Version 1 Rev 0 W-CDMA Characteristics W-CDMA Characteristics The vital statistics for our W-CDMA UMTS system is shown opposite Don't be confused by the slots and frames, this is not a TDMA system, every user does share the same band The frames and slots are used for interleaving, . 2009 Motorola, Inc. CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR T RAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED 2-3 USR7 Version1Rev0 UMTS Domains UMTS Domains Domain split A basic architectural. point. 2-4 CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED © 2009 Motorola, Inc. USR7 UMTS Domains Version1Rev0 UMTS Domains Home Network Domain Transit Network Domain Serving Network Domain Core Network Domain Access Network Domain Mobile Equipment Domain USIM Domain Infrastructure Domain User. 2009 Motorola, Inc. CP13: Introduction to UMTS USR7 FOR T RAINING PURPOSES ONLY - THIS MANUAL WILL NOT BE UPDATED 2-5 USR7 Version1Rev0 UMTS Domains UMTS Domains Access Network D om ain The Access