android ndka

www.traintelco.com Android NDK Beginner's Guide Discover the nave side of Android and inject the power of C/C++ in your applicaons Sylvain Ratabouil BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI www.traintelco.com Android NDK Beginner's Guide Copyright © 2012 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmied in any form or by any means, without the prior wrien permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotaons embedded in crical arcles or reviews. Every eort has been made in the preparaon of this book to ensure the accuracy of the informaon presented. However, the informaon contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark informaon about all of the companies and products menoned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this informaon. First published: January 2012 Producon Reference: 1200112 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK. ISBN 978-1-84969-152-9 www.packtpub.com Cover Image by Marcus Grandon (marcusgrandon@mac.com) www.traintelco.com Credits Author Sylvain Ratabouil Reviewers Marko Gargenta Dr. Frank Grützmacher Robert Mitchell Acquision Editor Sarah Cullington Lead Technical Editor Dayan Hyames Technical Editor Pramila Balan Copy Editor Laxmi Subramanian Project Coordinator Jovita Pinto Proofreader Lynda Sliwoski Indexer Hemangini Bari Graphics Valenna D'silva Producon Coordinators Prachali Bhiwandkar Melwyn D'sa Nilesh Mohite Cover Work Alwin Roy www.traintelco.com About the Author Sylvain Ratabouil is a conrmed IT consultant with experience in C++ and Java technologies. He worked for the space industry and got involved in aeronauc projects at Valtech Technologies where he now takes part in the Digital Revoluon. Sylvain earned the master's degree in IT from Paul Sabaer University in Toulouse and did M.Sc. in Computer Science from Liverpool University. As a technology lover, he is passionate about mobile technologies and cannot live or sleep without his Android smartphone. I would like to thank Steven Wilding for oering me to write this book; Sneha Harkut and Jovita Pinto for awaing me with so much paence; Reshma Sundaresan, and Dayan Hyames for pung this book on the right track; Sarah Cullington for helping me nalizing this book; Dr. Frank Grützmacher, Marko Gargenta, and Robert Mitchell for all their helpful comments. www.traintelco.com About the Reviewers Dr. Frank Grützmacher has worked for several major German rms in the area of large distributed systems. He was an early user of dierent Corba implementaons in the past. He got his Ph.D. in the eld of electrical engineering, but with the focus on distributed heterogeneous systems. In 2010, he was involved in a project, which changed parts of the Android plaorm for a manufacturer. From there, he got his knowledge about the android NDK and nave processes on this plaorm. He has already worked as a reviewer for another Android 3.0 book. Robert Mitchell is an MIT graduate with over 40 years experience in Informaon Technology and is semirered. He has developed soware for all the big iron companies: IBM, Amdahl, Fujitsu, Naonal Semiconductor, and Storage Technology. Soware companies include Veritas and Symantec. Recent languages that he knows are Ruby and Java, with a long background in C++. www.traintelco.com www.PacktPub.com Support les, eBooks, discount offers and more You might want to visit www.PacktPub.com for support les and downloads related to your book. Did you know that Packt oers eBook versions of every book published, with PDF and ePub les available? You can upgrade to the eBook version at www.PacktPub.com and as a print book customer, you are entled to a discount on the eBook copy. Get in touch with us at service@packtpub.com for more details. 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Simply use your login credenals for immediate access. www.traintelco.com Table of Contents Preface 1 Chapter 1: Seng Up your Environment 7 Geng started with Android development 7 Seng up Windows 8 Time for acon – preparing Windows for Android development 8 Installing Android development kits on Windows 12 Time for acon – installing Android SDK and NDK on Windows 13 Seng up Mac OS X 18 Time for acon – preparing Mac OS X for Android development 18 Installing Android development kits on Mac OS X 20 Time for acon – installing Android SDK and NDK on Mac OS X 20 Seng up Linux 22 Time for acon – preparing Ubuntu Linux for Android development 22 Installing Android development kits on Linux 27 Time for acon – installing Android SDK and NDK on Ubuntu 27 Seng up the Eclipse development environment 29 Time for acon – installing Eclipse 29 Emulang Android 33 Time for acon – creang an Android virtual device 33 Developing with an Android device on Windows and Mac OS X 37 Time for acon – seng up your Android device on Windows and Mac OS X 37 Developing with an Android device on Linux 39 Time for acon – seng up your Android device on Ubuntu 39 Troubleshoong a development device 42 Summary 43 Chapter 2: Creang, Compiling, and Deploying Nave Projects 45 Compiling and deploying NDK sample applicaons 46 Time for acon – compiling and deploying the hellojni sample 46 www.traintelco.com Table of Contents [ ii ] Exploring Android SDK tools 51 Android debug bridge 51 Project conguraon tool 54 Creang your rst Android project using eclipse 56 Time for acon – iniang a Java project 56 Introducing Dalvik 59 Interfacing Java with C/C++ 60 Time for acon – calling C code from Java 60 More on Makeles 65 Compiling nave code from Eclipse 67 Time for acon – creang a hybrid Java/C/C++ project 67 Summary 72 Chapter 3: Interfacing Java and C/C++ with JNI 73 Working with Java primives 74 Time for acon – building a nave key/value store 75 Referencing Java objects from nave code 85 Time for acon – saving a reference to an object in the Store 85 Local and global JNI references 90 Throwing excepons from nave code 91 Time for acon – raising excepons from the Store 92 JNI in C++ 96 Handling Java arrays 96 Time for acon – saving a reference to an object in the Store 97 Checking JNI excepons 106 Summary 107 Chapter 4: Calling Java Back from Nave Code 109 Synchronizing Java and nave threads 110 Time for acon – running a background thread 111 Aaching and detaching threads 120 More on Java and nave code lifecycles 121 Calling Java back from nave code 122 Time for acon – invoking Java code from a nave thread 122 More on callbacks 133 JNI method denions 134 Processing bitmaps navely 135 Time for acon – decoding camera feed from nave code 136 Summary 146 Chapter 5: Wring a Fully-nave Applicaon 147 Creang a nave acvity 148 Time for acon – creang a basic nave acvity 148 www.traintelco.com Table of Contents [ iii ] Handling acvity events 155 Time for acon – handling acvity events 155 More on Nave App Glue 166 UI thread 167 Nave thread 168 Android_app structure 170 Accessing window and me navely 171 Time for acon – displaying raw graphics and implemenng a mer 172 More on me primives 181 Summary 181 Chapter 6: Rendering Graphics with OpenGL ES 183 Inializing OpenGL ES 184 Time for acon – inializing OpenGL ES 184 Reading PNG textures with the asset manager 193 Time for acon – loading a texture in OpenGL ES 194 Drawing a sprite 208 Time for acon – drawing a Ship sprite 209 Rendering a le map with vertex buer objects 220 Time for acon – drawing a le-based background 221 Summary 238 Chapter 7: Playing Sound with OpenSL ES 239 Inializing OpenSL ES 241 Time for acon – creang OpenSL ES engine and output 241 More on OpenSL ES philosophy 248 Playing music les 249 Time for acon – playing background music 249 Playing sounds 256 Time for acon – creang and playing a sound buer queue 257 Event callback 266 Recording sounds 268 Summary 272 Chapter 8: Handling Input Devices and Sensors 273 Interacng with Android 274 Time for acon – handling touch events 276 Detecng keyboard, D-Pad, and Trackball events 288 Time for acon – handling keyboard, D-Pad, and trackball, navely 289 Probing device sensors 298 Time for acon – turning your device into a joypad 300 Summary 313 www.traintelco.com [...]... "$JAVA_HOME"` ANDROID_ SDK=`cygpath –u " $ANDROID_ SDK"` ANDROID_ NDK=`cygpath –u " $ANDROID_ NDK"` [4] www.traintelco.com Preface When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold: ... Android development kits on Windows Once JDK is installed on our system, we can start installing Android SDK and NDK to create, compile, and debug Android programs [ 12 ] www.traintelco.com Chapter 1 Time for action – installing Android SDK and NDK on Windows 1 Open your Web browser and go to http://developer .android. com/sdk This web page lists all available SDKs, one for each platform 2 Download Android. .. Android SDK for Windows, packaged as an Exe installer 3 Then, go to http://developer .android. com/sdk/ndk and download the Android NDK (not SDK!) for Windows, packaged as a ZIP archive this time 4 Execute Android SDK installer Select an appropriate installation location (for example, C: \Android\ android-sdk), knowing that Android SDK and NDK together can take more than 3 GB of disk space (currently!) with... (be careful, this is a hidden file!) in your home directory and add the following variables: export ANDROID_ SDK=”” export ANDROID_ NDK=”” export PATH=”$PATH: $ANDROID_ SDK/tools: $ANDROID_ SDK/platformtools: $ANDROID_ NDK” Downloading the example code You can download the example code files for all Packt books you have purchased from your... binary language like English, having an OS is not enough We also need software dedicated to Android development: ‹ The JDK (Java Development Kit) ‹ The Android SDK (Software Development Kit) ‹ The Android NDK (Native Development Kit) ‹ An IDE (Integrated Development Environment): Eclipse Android, and more specifically Android NDK compilation system is heavily based on Linux So we also need to set up some... variables: 11 Open the Environment Variables system window, as we did in the previous part Inside the System variables list, insert the ANDROID_ SDK and ANDROID_ NDK variables with the corresponding directories as values 12 Append %ANDROID_ SDK%\tools, %ANDROID_ SDK%\platform-tools and %ANDROID_ NDK%, all separated by a semicolon, to your PATH [ 14 ] www.traintelco.com Chapter 1 13 All the Windows environment variables... –u “$ANT_HOME”` JAVA_HOME=`cygpath –u “$JAVA_HOME”` ANDROID_ SDK=`cygpath –u “ $ANDROID_ SDK”` ANDROID_ NDK=`cygpath –u “ $ANDROID_ NDK”` [ 15 ] www.traintelco.com Setting Up your Environment 17 Reopen a Cygwin window and check the Ant version again No warning is issued this time: $ ant -version What just happened? We have downloaded and deployed both Android SDK and NDK and made them available through command... is not required for Android development but is a very good solution to set up a continuous integration chain [ 19 ] www.traintelco.com Setting Up your Environment Installing Android development kits on Mac OS X Once a JDK is installed on your system, we can start installing Android Development SDK and NDK to create, compile, and debug Android programs Time for action – installing Android SDK and NDK... /Developer/AndroidSDK and /Developer/AndroidNDK) 5 Let’s declare these two directories as environment variables From now on, we will refer to these directories as $ANDROID_ SDK and $ANDROID_ NDK throughout this book Assuming you use the default Bash command-line shell, create or edit your profile file (be careful, this is a hidden file!) in your home directory and add the following variables: export ANDROID_ SDK=” . encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns :android= "http://schemas .android. com/apk/res /android& quot; package="com.example.hellojni" android: versionCode="1" android: versionName="1.0"> Any. Eclipse 29 Emulang Android 33 Time for acon – creang an Android virtual device 33 Developing with an Android device on Windows and Mac OS X 37 Time for acon – seng up your Android device on. JAVA_HOME=`cygpath –u "$JAVA_HOME"` export ANDROID_ SDK=`cygpath –u " $ANDROID_ SDK"` export ANDROID_ NDK=`cygpath –u " $ANDROID_ NDK"` www.traintelco.com Preface [ 5 ] When