WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES : NEW MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES : NEW MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS Edited by NORIHIKO MORINAGA Osaka University RYUJI KOHNO Yokohama National University SEIICHI SAMPEI Osaka University KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBook ISBN: 0-306-47326-7 Print ISBN: 0-792-37900-4 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://www.kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://www.ebooks.kluweronline.com Contents Preface ix Part I New Technical Trend in Wireless Multimedia Communications 1 Spatial Channel Modeling for Wireless Communications Gregory D. Durgin and Thodore S. Rappaport 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction The Basics of Small-Scale Channel Modeling Multipath Shape Factors Examples Applications Summary 4 5 9 13 17 20 2 Space-Time Coding for High Data Rate Wireless Communications Ayman. F. Naguib and Rob Calderbank 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Introduction Diversity Techniques Space-Time Coding Space-Time Trellis Codes Space-Time Block Codes Interference Suppression with Space-Time Block Codes Applications of Space-Time Coding to Wireless Conclusions 24 25 30 32 35 40 44 52 3 Coding for the wireless channel Ezio Biglieri, Giorgio Taricco and Guiseppe Caire 61 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction Coding for the fading channel Code-design criteria Robust coding schemes Conclusions 62 62 69 72 77 vi WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY 4 OFDM – The Most Elegant Solution for Wireless Digital Transmission – Shinsuke Hara 81 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction Principle and Design of OFDM System Pilot-Assisted Synchronization Approach Blind Synchronization Approach Conclusions 82 82 85 90 95 5 Overview on Linear Multiuser Equalizers for DS-CDMA Systems Markku Juntti and Kari Hooli 97 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction Preliminaries Linear Multiantenna Multiuser Equalization Bit Error Probability Analysis Chip Equalization Conclusions 98 99 106 109 116 121 6 Software-Defined Radio Technologies Shinichiro Haruyama 131 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction Applications of Software-Defined Radio Structure of Software-Defined Radio Key components of software-defined radio Standardization 132 132 135 138 141 7 Spatial and Temporal Communiation Theory Based on Adaptive Antenna Array Ryuji Kohno 147 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Introduction Adaptive Antenna Array Spatial and Temporal Channel Model Spatial and Temporal Equalization Spatial and Temporal Optimum Receiver Spatial and Temporal Joint Equalizer in Transmitter and Receiver Concluding Remarks 148 149 151 152 154 159 163 Part II Trends in New Wireless Multimedia Communication Systems 8 Intelligent Transport Systems Masayuki Fujise, Akihito Kato, Katsuyoshi Sato and Hiroshi Harada 171 1 2 3 4 Introduction Inter-Vehicle Communication Radio on Fiber Road-Vehicle Communication Software Radio 172 173 177 189 Contents vii 9 Wireless Data Communications Systems Kaveh Pahlavan, Xinrong Li, Mika Ylianttila and Matti Latva-aho 201 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction Applications and markets of wireless data communication systems Wireless data communication standards Challenges and future trends Conclusions 202 202 206 210 213 10 Wireless Internet - Networking Aspect Li Fun Chang 215 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction Mobile IP Cellular to Wireless IP: An Interim Architecture Packet cdma2000 Network GPRS/EGPRS and UMTS Networks Conclusions 216 218 225 230 231 242 11 Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting Systems Makoto Kami 245 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction DVB-T ATSC standard ISDB-T Conclusion 246 246 253 256 261 12 IMT-2000 – Challenges of Wireless Millennium – Fumiyuki Adachi and Mamoru Sawahashi 263 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Introduction Bridging the expanse of mobile multimeida: Japanese market Evolution of wireless access technology IMT-2000 Standardization W-CDMA wireless access Experimental evaluation of W-CDMA W-CDMA enhancement Conclusion 264 265 267 271 274 280 283 290 Abbreviations and Acronyms Index About the Editors Contributors 294 305 314 317 This page intentionally left blank Preface During 12-15 of September 1999, 10th International Symposium on Per- sonal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’99) was held in Osaka Japan, and it was really a successful symposium that accommodated more than 600 participants from more than 30 countries and regions. PIMRC is really well organized annual symposium for wireless multimedia communi- cation systems, in which, various up-to-date topics are discussed in the invited talk, panel discussions and tutorial sessions. One of the unique features of the PIMRC is that PIMRC is continuing to publish, from Kluwer Academic Publishers since 1997, a book that collects the hottest topics discussed in PIMRC. In PIMRC’97, Invited talks were summa- rized in “Wireless Communications –TDMA versus CDMA – (ISBN 0-7923- 8005-3),” and it was published just before PIMRC’97. This book was also distributed to all the PIMRC’97 participants as a part of proceedings for the conference. In PIMRC’98, extended version of the invited papers were sum- marized in Wireless Multimedia Network Technologies (ISBN 0-7923-8633- 7) and published in September 1999, which is almost the same timing for the PIMRC’99. In the case of PIMRC’99, to produce more informative book, we have se- lected topics that attracted many PIMRC’99 participants during the confer- ence, and invited prospective authors not only from the invited speakers but also from tutorial speakers, panel organizers, panelists, and some other excel- lent PIMRC’99 participants. This book is divided into two parts; Part I for new technical trends in wire- less multimedia communications, and Part II for trends in new wireless multi- media communication systems that will be serviced in early 2000s. In Part I, we have selected seven key technologies that strongly drive devel- opments of new wireless multimedia communication systems; wireless chan- nel modeling, space-time coding, coding for wireless, OFDM, multiuser re- ceiver, software radio, and, spatial and temporal communication theory. x WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY In Chapter 1, Mr. Gregory D. Durgin and Prof. Theodore S. Rappaport of MPRG, Virginia Tech, USA, propose a new spatial channel modeling tech- niques that characterizes angle-of-arrival of multipath fading, including its ap- plication to several practical wireless communication channels. In Chapter 2, Dr. Ayman F. Nguib and Dr. Rob Calderbank of AT & T Labs- Research, USA, provide overview of space-time coding techniques including its associated signal processing framework which is attracting many 3G system engineers. In Chapter 3, Prof. Ezio Biglieri and Prof. Giorgio Taricco of Politecnico di Torino, Italy, and Prof. Giuseppe Caire of Institut Eurecom, Sophia Antipolis, France, discuss how to select coding schemes considering not only the nature of channels but also the applied techniques such as bit-interleaving, diversity and transmit power control. In Chapter 4, Prof. Shinsuke Hara of Osaka University, Japan, addresses OFDM techniques especially synchronization issues specific to the OFDM sys- tems. In Chapter 5, Prof. Markku Juntti and Mr. Kri Hooli of University of Oulu, Finland, provides overview of the multiuser receivers for CDMA systems in- cluding its basic principle, its combination with the multipath and antenna combining techniques and its potential applications. In Chapter 6, Dr. Shinichiro Haruyama of Advanced Telecommunication Laboratory of SONY Computer Science Laboratories, Inc., Japan, addresses overview of the development of software-defined radio technologies including current activity of the SDR forum. In Chapter 7, Prof. Ryuji Kohno of Yokohama National University, Japan, who is also one of the editors for this book introduces a spatial and tempo- ral communication theory based on adaptive antenna array, such as channel modeling, equalization and joint optimization of spatial and temporal signal processing in both transmitter and receiver. In Part II, because various new wireless systems are currently being stan- dardized, we have selected five topics for new wireless systems, i.e., Intelli- gent Transport System, wireless data communication systems, wireless Inter- net, digital TV broadcasting and IMT-2000. In Chapter 8, Dr. Masayuki Fujise, Dr. Akihito Kato, Dr. Katsutoshi Sato and Dr. Hiroshi Harada of Communications Research Laboratory (CRL), Min- istry of Posts and Telecommunications, Japan, present key technologies for Intelligent Transport Systems currently developed by CRL; inter-vehicle and road-vehicle communications, radio-on-fiber and software radio technologies. In Chapter 9, Prof. Kaveh Pahlavan and Mr. Xinrong Li of Worcester Poly- technic Institute, USA, and, Dr. Mika Ylianttila and Prof. Matti Latva-aho of Universty of Oulu, Finland, present overview of the current status and fu- TEAMFLY Team-Fly ® [...]... modeling, multipath, radio wave propagation, smallscale fading 4 1 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY INTRODUCTION At the start of the new millennium, an exciting perspective is emerging in the field of wireless channel modeling In the past, the wireless multipath channel was thought to be a harsh, unavoidable consequence of wireless communications In recent years, new technology in hardware and... theoretical medium for analysis and exploration of new spatial channel models for wireless systems of the future References [1] G Foschini, “Layered Space-Time Architecture for Wireless Communication in a Fading Environment When Using Multi-Element Antennas,” Bell Labs Technical Journal, pp 41–59, Autumn 1996 [2] T Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1996...PREFACE xi ture trends of wireless data communication systems such as wireless LAN, HomeRF and Bluetooth In Chapter 10, Dr Li Fun Chang of AT & T Labs - Research, USA, provides overview of the networking and mobility aspects of the wireless core networks, e.g mobile-IP based and EGPRS-based networks including basic concept of mobile... ratio of the communications link and ultimately determine the instantaneous quality of the wireless channel along a local area 2.2 FREQUENCY SELECTIVITY For a fixed, single-antenna receiver operating in a static channel, the principle source of channel distortion for a received signal is dispersion induced by multipath propagation delays This time-dispersive channel is characterized 6 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES. .. presented There are numerous other applications for multipath shape factors in wireless communications, although most fall within the following three areas: Channel Measurement: Shape factors provide a great deal of insight on how to design radio frequency measurement campaigns that measure Spatial Channel Modeling for Wireless Communications 21 small-scale fading and multipath angle-of-arrival The theory... left blank This book is dedicated to those who volunteered to organize PIMRC’99 This page intentionally left blank I NEW TECHNICAL TREND IN WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS This page intentionally left blank Chapter 1 SPATIAL CHANNEL MODELING FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Gregory D Durgin Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech... spatial selectivity often limit the performance of a wireless link The analysis for characterizing spatial selectivity is nearly identical to that used for frequency selectivity in the previous section We characterize the received complex voltage, as a function of position, r If the function is a wide-sense Team-Fly® Spatial Channel Modeling for Wireless Communications 7 Table 1.1 Parallel mathematical... perpendicular This approach was first used by [7] to characterize wideband small-scale fading for outdoor transmitter-receiver configurations at 1900 MHz 18 5.2 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LEVEL-CROSSING STATISTICS Problem Statement A mobile wireless receiver experiences small-scale fading with temporal statistics that depend on wavelength, receiver velocity, and multipath angle-of-arrival The... shape factors The chapter concludes with a final perspective on the work presented Spatial Channel Modeling for Wireless Communications 2 5 THE BASICS OF SMALL-SCALE CHANNEL MODELING This section discusses the use of a baseband channel model to explore two types of local area behavior in the wireless channel: frequency selectivity and spatial selectivity A local area is a region in space (typically about... and W-CDMA technologies including some advanced technologies such as interference cancellation and adaptive array antenna Because each chapter includes basic concept and technical trend in addition to the main topics, this book is suitable not only for the research engineers who are developing 3G systems but also the graduate course students who would like to know what is the cutting edge technologies, . WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES : NEW MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES : NEW MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS Edited. Latva-aho 201 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction Applications and markets of wireless data communication systems Wireless data communication standards Challenges and future trends Conclusions 202 202 206 210 213 10 Wireless Internet - Networking. new wireless multimedia communication systems; wireless chan- nel modeling, space-time coding, coding for wireless, OFDM, multiuser re- ceiver, software radio, and, spatial and temporal communication