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Java Tutorial JAVA TUTORIAL Simply Easy Learning by tutorialspoint.com tutorialspoint.com TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning ABOUT THE TUTORIAL Java Tutorial Java is a high-level programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. This tutorial gives a complete understanding ofJava. This reference will take you through simple and practical approach while learning Java Programming language. Audience This reference has been prepared for the beginners to help them understand the basic to advanced concepts related to Java Programming language. Prerequisites Before you start doing practice with various types of examples given in this reference, I'm making an assumption that you are already aware about what is a computer program and what is a computer programming language? 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If you discover that the tutorialspoint.com site or this tutorial content contains some errors, please contact us at webmaster@tutorialspoint.com TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning Table of Content Java Tutorial 2 Audience 2 Prerequisites 2 Copyright & Disclaimer Notice 2 Java Overview 15 History of Java: 16 Tools you will need: 16 What is Next? 16 Java Environment Setup 17 Setting up the path for windows 2000/XP: 17 Setting up the path for windows 95/98/ME: 17 Setting up the path for Linux, UNIX, Solaris, FreeBSD: 17 Popular Java Editors: 18 What is Next? 18 Java Basic Syntax 19 First Java Program: 19 Basic Syntax: 20 Java Identifiers: 20 Java Modifiers: 21 Java Variables: 21 Java Arrays: 21 Java Enums: 21 Example: 21 Java Keywords: 22 Comments in Java 22 Using Blank Lines: 22 Inheritance: 22 Interfaces: 23 What is Next? 23 Java Object & Classes 24 Objects in Java: 24 Classes in Java: 25 Constructors: 25 Singleton Classes 26 Implementing Singletons: 26 Example 1: 26 Example 2: 26 TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning Creating an Object: 27 Accessing Instance Variables and Methods: 27 Example: 28 Source file declaration rules: 28 Java Package: 29 Import statements: 29 A Simple Case Study: 29 What is Next? 31 Java Basic Data Types 32 Primitive Data Types: 32 byte: 32 short: 32 int: 33 long: 33 float: 33 double: 34 boolean: 34 char: 34 Reference Data Types: 34 Java Literals: 35 What is Next? 36 Java Variable Types 37 Local variables: 37 Example: 38 Example: 38 Instance variables: 38 Example: 39 Class/static variables: 40 Example: 40 What is Next? 41 Java Modifier Types 42 1. Java Access Modifiers 42 Default Access Modifier - No keyword: 42 Example: 42 Private Access Modifier - private: 43 Example: 43 Public Access Modifier - public: 43 Example: 43 Protected Access Modifier - protected: 43 TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning Example: 44 Access Control and Inheritance: 44 2. Non Access Modifiers 44 Access Control Modifiers: 45 Non Access Modifiers: 45 Access Control Modifiers: 45 Non Access Modifiers: 45 What is Next? 46 Java Basic Operators 47 The Arithmetic Operators: 47 The Relational Operators: 48 Example 49 The Bitwise Operators: 49 Example 50 The Logical Operators: 51 Example 51 The Assignment Operators: 51 Example: 52 Misc Operators 53 Conditional Operator (?:): 53 instanceof Operator: 54 Precedence of Java Operators: 54 What is Next? 55 Java Loop Control 56 The while Loop: 56 Syntax: 56 Example: 56 The do while Loop: 57 Syntax: 57 Example: 57 The for Loop: 58 Syntax: 58 Example: 58 Enhanced for loop in Java: 59 Syntax: 59 Example: 59 The break Keyword: 59 Syntax: 60 Example: 60 TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning The continue Keyword: 60 Syntax: 60 Example: 60 What is Next? 61 Java Decision Making 62 The if Statement: 62 Syntax: 62 Example: 62 The if else Statement: 63 Syntax: 63 Example: 63 The if else if else Statement: 63 Syntax: 63 Example: 64 Nested if else Statement: 64 Syntax: 64 Example: 64 The switch Statement: 65 Syntax: 65 Example: 65 What is Next? 66 Java Numbers 67 Example: 67 Number Methods: 68 xxxValue() 69 compareTo() 70 equals() 71 valueOf() 72 toString() 73 parseInt() 74 abs() 75 ceil() 76 floor() 77 rint() 78 round() 78 min() 79 max() 80 exp() 81 log() 82 TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning pow() 82 sqrt() 83 sin() 84 cos() 85 tan() 86 asin() 86 acos() 87 atan() 88 atan2() 89 toDegrees() 90 toRadians() 90 random() 91 What is Next? 92 Java Characters 93 Example: 93 Example: 93 Escape Sequences: 93 Example: 94 Character Methods: 94 isLetter() 95 isDigit() 96 isWhitespace() 96 isUpperCase() 97 isLowerCase() 98 toUpperCase() 99 toLowerCase() 99 toString() 100 What is Next? 101 Java Strings 102 Creating Strings: 102 String Length: 102 Concatenating Strings: 103 Creating Format Strings: 103 String Methods: 104 char charAt(int index) 106 int compareTo(Object o) 107 int compareTo(String anotherString) 108 int compareToIgnoreCase(String str) 109 String concat(String str) 110 TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning boolean contentEquals(StringBuffer sb) 111 static String copyValueOf(char[] data) 112 boolean endsWith(String suffix) 113 boolean equals(Object anObject) 114 boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString) 114 byte getBytes() 115 byte[] getBytes(String charsetName) 117 void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin) 118 int hashCode() 119 int indexOf(int ch) 120 int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) 121 int indexOf(String str) 123 int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) 124 String intern() 125 int lastIndexOf(int ch) 126 int lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) 128 int lastIndexOf(String str) 129 int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) 131 int length() 132 boolean matches(String regex) 133 boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int toffset, 134 String other, int ooffset, int len) 134 boolean regionMatches(int toffset, String other, int ooffset, int len) 135 String replace(char oldChar, char newChar) 137 String replaceAll(String regex, String replacement) 137 String replaceFirst(String regex, String replacement) 138 String[] split(String regex) 139 String[] split(String regex, int limit) 141 boolean startsWith(String prefix) 142 boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) 143 CharSequence subSequence(int beginIndex, int endIndex) 144 String substring(int beginIndex) 145 String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) 146 char[] toCharArray() 147 String toLowerCase() 148 String toLowerCase(Locale locale) 149 String toString() 150 String toUpperCase() 150 String toUpperCase(Locale locale) 151 TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning String trim() 152 static String valueOf(primitive data type x) 153 Java Arrays 156 Declaring Array Variables: 156 Example: 156 Creating Arrays: 156 Example: 157 Processing Arrays: 157 Example: 157 The foreach Loops: 158 Example: 158 Passing Arrays to Methods: 158 Returning an Array from a Method: 159 The Arrays Class: 159 Java Date and Time 160 Getting Current Date & Time 161 Date Comparison: 161 Date Formatting using SimpleDateFormat: 161 Simple DateFormat format codes: 162 Date Formatting using printf: 162 Date and Time Conversion Characters: 164 Parsing Strings into Dates: 165 Sleeping for a While: 165 Measuring Elapsed Time: 166 GregorianCalendar Class: 166 Example: 168 Java Regular Expressions 170 Capturing Groups: 170 Example: 171 Regular Expression Syntax: 171 Methods of the Matcher Class: 172 Index Methods: 172 Study Methods: 173 Replacement Methods: 173 The start and end Methods: 173 The matches and lookingAt Methods: 174 The replaceFirst and replaceAll Methods: 175 The appendReplacement and appendTail Methods: 175 PatternSyntaxException Class Methods: 176 [...]... :> javac Employee .java C :> vi EmployeeTest .java C :> javac EmployeeTest .java C :> java EmployeeTest Name:JamesSmith Age:26 Designation:SeniorSoftwareEngineer Salary:1000.0 Name:MaryAnne Age:21 Designation:SoftwareEngineer TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning Salary:500.0 What is Next? Next session will discuss basic data types in Java and how they can be used when developing Java applications TUTORIALS... will be able to see ' Hello World ' printed on the window C :> javac MyFirstJavaProgram .java C :> java MyFirstJavaProgram HelloWorld Basic Syntax: About Java programs, it is very important to keep in mind the following points  Case Sensitivity - Java is case sensitive, which means identifier Hello and hello would have different meaning in Java  Class Names - For all class names, the first letter should... append ' .java' to the end of the name (if the file name and the class name do not match your program will not compile) Example : Assume 'MyFirstJavaProgram' is the class name, then the file should be saved as'MyFirstJavaProgram .java'  public static void main(String args[]) - Java program processing starts from the main() method, which is a mandatory part of every Java program Java Identifiers: All Java. .. as: MyFirstJavaProgram .java  Open a command prompt window and go o the directory where you saved the class Assume it's C:\  Type ' javac MyFirstJavaProgram .java ' and press enter to compile your code If there are no errors in your code, the command prompt will take you to the next line(Assumption : The path variable is set) TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning  Now, type ' java MyFirstJavaProgram... release of the Java Standard Edition is 6 (J2SE) With the advancement of Java and its widespread popularity, multiple configurations were built to suite various types of platforms Ex: J2EE for Enterprise Applications, J2ME for Mobile Applications Sun Microsystems has renamed the new J2 versions as Java SE, Java EE and Java ME, respectively Java is guaranteed to be Write Once, Run Anywhere Java is:  Object... 95/98/2000/XP operating system  Java JDK 5  Microsoft Notepad or any other text editor This tutorial will provide the necessary skills to create GUI, networking, and Web applications using Java What is Next? Next chapter will guide you to where you can obtain Java and its documentation Finally, it instructs you on how to install Java and prepare an environment to develop Java applications TUTORIALS POINT Simply... Documentation 311 What is Javadoc? 311 The javadoc Tags: 312 Example: 313 Java Library Classes 315 TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning 1 CHAPTER Java Overview J ava programming language was originally developed by Sun Microsystems which was initiated by James Gosling and released in 1995 as core component of Sun Microsystems’ Java platform (Java 1.0 [J2SE]) As of... CHAPTER Java Environment Setup B efore we proceed further, it is important that we set up the Java environment correctly This section guides you on how to download and set up Java on your machine Please follow the following steps to set up the environment Java SE is freely available from the link Download Java So you download a version based on your operating system Follow the instructions to download Java. .. Just-In-Time compilers, Java enables high performance  Distributed :Java is designed for the distributed environment of the internet  Dynamic: Java is considered to be more dynamic than C or C++ since it is designed to adapt to an evolving environment Java programs can carry extensive amount of run-time information that can be used to verify and resolve accesses to objects on run-time History of Java: James Gosling... contains the path to the Java executable Example, if the path is currently set to 'C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32', then change your path to read 'C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32;c:\Program Files \java\ jdk\bin' Setting up the path for windows 95/98/ME: Assuming you have installed Java in c:\Program Files \java\ jdk directory:  Edit the 'C:\autoexec.bat' file and add 'SET PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files \java\ jdk\bin' the following . Java Tutorial JAVA TUTORIAL Simply Easy Learning by tutorialspoint.com tutorialspoint.com TUTORIALS POINT Simply Easy Learning ABOUT THE TUTORIAL Java Tutorial. Popular Java Editors: 18 What is Next? 18 Java Basic Syntax 19 First Java Program: 19 Basic Syntax: 20 Java Identifiers: 20 Java Modifiers: 21 Java Variables: 21 Java Arrays: 21 Java Enums:. J2 versions as Java SE, Java EE and Java ME, respectively. Java is guaranteed to be Write Once, Run Anywhere. Java is:  Object Oriented: In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be easily