basic english grammar

English Skills Am/is/are + what/who? Singular = 1 Plural = 1+ I am You are You are We are He/she/it is They are To be is the most common verb in the English language. It can be used as an auxiliary or a main verb. Question ? Positive Statement + Negative Statement - Singular Written Form or spoken for emphasis Contracted Form (spoken) Written Form or spoken for emphasis Contracted Form (spoken) Am I? I am I'm I am not I'm not Are you? You are You're You are not You're not or You aren't Is he?Is she? Is it? He is She is It is He's She's It's He is not She is not It is not He isn't She isn't It isn't or He's not She's not It's not Plural Are we? We are We're We are not We aren't or We're not Are you? You are You're You are not You're not or You aren't Are they? They are They're They are not They aren't or They're not Uses Am/Is/Are Examples The verbs am / is / are are used with:- Am/Are Is a noun group Are you an English teacher? Mr Bean is an English teacher. an adjective I'm tired. She's English. an expression of place or time They're at home. It's nine o'clock. an expression of age I'm 44. He's two years old. the form of the present continuous tense We're learning English. She's teaching English. Am/Are Is Question - ? "Am I disturbing you?" "Is this your coat?" Positive Answer + Yes "Yes you are. We're very busy." "Yes, it is" Negative Answer - No "No you're not. We aren't very busy." "No, it isn't" Introductions, greetings and farewells Follow the dialogue. Mr Bean meets Mrs Breuer, one of his students, and her husband in the street. Mr Bean: Good morning, Mrs Breuer. Mrs Breuer: Good morning, Mr Bean. How are you? Mr Bean: I'm fine thanks, and you? Mrs Breuer: Not too bad. Mr Bean, this is my husband Michael, Michael this is Mr Bean my English teacher. Mr Breuer: Pleased to meet you. Mr Bean: Pleased to meet you too. Are you from Germany, Mr Breuer? Mr Breuer: Yes, East Germany, from Dresden. And you, are you from London? Mr Bean: No, I'm from Derby, but I live in London now. Mrs Breuer: Well, goodbye Mr Bean, it was nice to see you. Mr Bean: Yes, goodbye. When leaving, you say "Goodbye". "Bye" is more informal. When leaving at night, you say "Goodnight". When going to bed you say "Goodnight". PEOPLE AND PLACES + WHERE? Questions Who? = People What? = Things Where? = Places Learn It CAPITALISATION RULES Rule For example People's names always start with a CAPITAL LETTER. My name is Lynne Hand. Countries always start with a CAPITAL LETTER. I come from England. Cities always start with a CAPITAL LETTER. I live in Darmstadt. Nationalities always start with a CAPITAL LETTER. I am English. Where is this? Is this Germany? Is England in Poland? What is the capital of England? No, this isn't Germany. This is England. No, England isn't in Poland. England is in Britain. The capital of England is London. Is this France? Is Wales in Germany? What is the capital of Wales? No, this isn't France. This is Wales. No, Wales isn't in Germany. Wales is in Britain. The capital of Wales is Cardiff. Is this Spain? Is Scotland in France? What is the capital of Scotland? No, this isn't Spain. This is Scotland. No, Scotland isn't in France. Scotland is in Britain. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh. Is this Italy? Is Northern Ireland in Italy? What is the capital of Northern Ireland? No, this isn't Italy. This is Northern Ireland. No, Northern Ireland isn't in Italy. Northern Ireland is in the United Kingdom. The capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast. Where is this? Is the United Kingdom in America? Tell me more. This is the United Kingdom. No, the United Kingdom isn't in America. The United Kingdom is in Europe. England, Wales and Scotland are countries in Britain. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are countries in the United Kingdom. [...]... nationality are you?" "I'm English. " "My nationality is English. " When asked questions about themselves people often give short one-word answers:- Question Short one - word answer "What's your name?" "Lynne Hand." "Where do you come from?" "England." "What country do you come from?" "England" "Where are you from?" "England" "Where do you live?" "Darmstadt." "What nationality are you?" "English. " Naturally... RULES Rule For example Countries always start with a CAPITAL LETTER I come from England Cities always start with a CAPITAL LETTER I live in Darmstadt Nationalities always start with a CAPITAL LETTER I am English Note: Where do you come from? = Where were you born or raised Where do you live? = Where do you live now For example: Me: - "I come from England, but I live in Germany." What to say Question Short... nationality are you?" "English. " Naturally Speaking Follow the dialogue oWhat's your name please? Mr Bean oDo you come from London? No I come from Derby oDo you live in Derby? No, I live in London oAre you English? Yes, I am oThank you You're welcome Titles Young male Master Note: Used with the first name Rarely used today Master William Mr Adult male (married or unmarried) Mr Bean Miss Young or Adult . are used with:- Am/Are Is a noun group Are you an English teacher? Mr Bean is an English teacher. an adjective I'm tired. She's English. an expression of place or time They're. English Skills Am/is/are + what/who? Singular = 1 Plural = 1+ I am You are You are We are He/she/it is They are To be is the most common verb in the English language. It. He's two years old. the form of the present continuous tense We're learning English. She's teaching English. Am/Are Is Question - ? "Am I disturbing you?" "Is this