[A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi Reported Speed A, Contents Members: I, Definition _Đỗ Văn Mời [A6]Chủ Tỵck Lớp II. Basic Rules _Vũ Thị Kiều Oanh 1.Pronoun changes (S/O) _Nguyễn Thị Tâm 2. Tense Changes _Nguyễn Thị Bình a, Basic tense changes _Lã Thị Tâm b, Other tense changes _Nguyễn Lơng Bằng 3.Time and place changes _Nguyễn Văn Minh 4.Modal Verb Changes _Nguyễn Thu Hà (Hà Zô) _Chử Thị Thu Hà B,Rules 1.S/O - Chủ ngữ trong câu trong ngoặc phải đổi cho phù hợp với chủ ngữ trong câu ngoài ngoặc. (Trừ tr- ờng hợp S ngoài ngoặc *Snn* là I . - Nếu S trong ngoặc *Stn* là I/We thì chuyển theo Snn ( We They) - Nếu Stn là you thì phải căn cứ theo O ngoài ngoặc *Onn* Nếu Onn không co thì mặc định là me . - Nếu Stn là ngôi thứ ba số ít hay nhiều thì không chuyển đổi. * Notes: Tất cả các từ sở hữu, từ phản thân .tân ngữ đợc tạo tù một hay nhiều đại từ nhân xng cũng đợc đổi theo quy tắc trên. 2. Tense changes a.Basic tense changes : Go back a tense ( Lùi đi một thì ) b.Tense changes : Direct speed Inderect speed 1. Prensent Simple Ex: She said It is cold . Past simple She said it was cold. 2. Prensent continuous Ex: Mr ĐVM said I m leaning English online . Past Continuous Mr ĐVM said he was leaning English online. 3. Prensent perfect simple Ex: She said I ve been on the web since 1990 Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1990. 4. Prensent perfect continuous Ex: Mr ĐVM said I ve been becoming Vip Boy for 8 years . Past perfect Continuous Mr ĐVM said he had been becoming Vip Boy for 8 years . Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 1 1 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi 5. Past simple Ex1: She said I taught online yesterday Ex2: He said I worte a letter to my brother . Past perfect/ Past simple She said she had taught online yesterday. He said he worte a letter to his brother. had written 6 Past continuous Ex1: She said I was teaching earlier . Ex2: He said I was waiting at 8 O clock Past perfect continuous/past cont She said she had been teaching earlier. He said he was waiting at 8 o clock 7. Past perfect She said The lesson had already started when he arrived. Past perfect No change. 8. Past perfect continuous She said I d already been teaching for 5 minutes . Past perfect continuous No change. 3. Thay đổi trình tự từ và trạng từ, động từ khuyết thiếu. Direct speed Inderect speed This That There Those Here These Now Then Today That day Yesterday The day before The prerious day Tomorrow The day after The following day Ago Before Next week The following week The nextweek May Might Might Might Could Could/would be able to Needn t Needn t/didn t have to Shall/win Should/would/be going to Ought to - ought to(bắt buộc) - Shought (phải) Must Had to (Hiện tai) Would have to (tơng lai) Mustn t Was not to (Were not to) 4. Cách chuyển trực tiếp sang gián tiếp : a.Statement (Câu trần thuật) Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 2 2 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi Forms Snn + said (that) + Stn + V(tn) + O. Ex: I visit HCM city last week he said. He said (that) He had visited HCM city the week before. b. Question: Withought question pronouns Ex: Are you student? He said. He asked me if I whether I was a student. Forms Snn + asked (Onn) + if/whether + Stn + V(tn) + Answer: Yes I m , I said. I said I was. Với câu trả lời Yes/No: -Bớc 1: Quy về câu trả lời đầy đủ. -Bớc 2: Chuyển theo câu trần thuật nhng bỏ yes/no. A1. W_ Questions Ex What are you doing now? He asked me. He ask me what I was doing then. Forms Snn + asked (Onn) + WH + Stn + Vtn + A2 Imperative (mệnh lệnh thức) Ex: Step for ward The capitain said. The capitain told/ordered me to step for ward. Forms Snn + told/ordered/asked + (Onn) + to/not to + V_inf + A3. Exclaimation( Câu cảm thán): Forms a, What (a/an) + adj + N(s). Snn + axclaimed + (It was a/an + adj + N )or(They were adj + Ns. b. How + adj + S + V . Snn + exclaimed (that) + Stn ( Biến đổi) + Vtn + adj + Ex : How beautiful D ơng Mập looks today! She said. She exclaimes that Dơng Mập looked beautiful that day. Chú ý : * told : Dùng trong tr ờng hợp ngời lớn ngời bé Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 3 3 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi *Đối với các trờng hợp khác ngời ta ding wanted to know để thay thế cho asked , wanted sb to do st . C. Các dạng trực tiếp, gián tiếp đặc biệt: C1: Can: Thông thờng chuyển theo quy tắc can Could trừ tr ờng hợp sau: Can you/I + V Khả năng (biết) Theo quy tắc : Ex: You can do it he said. He said I could do it. Can you+ V ? Đề nghị lịch sự. Snn + asked + Otn + (not)to +V_inf. Ex: Can I open the door He said. He asked me to open the door. Can I have + O ? Lời xin Ex: Can I have some more tea ? he said. He asked me for some more tea. Snn + asked (Onn) for + Otn+ Can I + V ? Đề nghị xin làm gì Snn + offered + to V_inf+ Otn. Ex: Can I help you He Said. He offered to help me. * Với Could tơng tự: C2: Win _Nếu Win diễn tả hành động trong tơng lai chuyển theo quy tắc. _Special Forms (Cấu trúc đặc biệt): No, I won t / Yes I will. Đáp lại câu mệnh lệnh hoặc là một lời hứa. Snn+promised+to+Vinf+(Otn). Not to + Vinf + (Otn). Ex: Don t climb that tree he said. No , I won t ,I said. I promised not to climb that tree. Will you+ V_inf Đề nghị lịch sự *Theo cấu trúc của câu hỏi Yes/No . Ex: Will you open the door , He said. He said if I could open the door. *Theo cấu trúc mệnh lệnh thức với asked He asked me to open the door. Will I + V_inf Lời đề nghị đợc làm việc gì đó . Snn+ offered to +V_inf+ O(tn). Ex: Will I open the door? I said . I offered to open the door. C3: Shall - Shall diễn tả hành động trong t ơng lai thì chuyển theo quy tắc : Shall would . - Shall ding với nghĩa chỉ bổn phận trong t ơng lai (Ko có từ chỉ thời gian tơng lai trong câu.) Shall should . Ex : I shall go to school he said. He said he should go to school. Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 4 4 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi Cấu trúc đặc biệt Shall we + V_inf Rủ rê, gợi ý, đề nghị. Theo cấu trúc với suggested . Ex: Shall we go out , he said. He suggested going out. He suggested that we/they should go out. Shall I + V Đề nghị Snn + offered to + V_inf. Ex; Shall I give you a lift . I offered to give her a lift. C4 Should/ Had better /Ought to. a, Nếu Stn là you Chuyển theo lời khuyên. Snn advised Onn + to/not to + Vtn_inf +(Otn) Ex: You d better complete the report, He said. He advised me to complete the report. b.Khi đi với các chủ ngữ còn lại, các cấu trúc trên diễn tả bổn phận nhất đinh ở hiện tại, chuyển theo quy tắc nhng không đổi các từ trên. Ex: I ought to go ,He said. He said he ought to go. C5 Need: -Khi need là V th ờng theo quy tắc câu trần thuật. Ex: I need to go home he said. He said he needed to go home. -Khi need là động từ khuyết thiếu S + Need + V_inf Theo quy tắc : need had to+V_inf. Need nt Did nt have to. Ex: Peter need pay for it I said. I said Peter had to pay for it. -Khi need là V khuyết thiếu có chủ ngữ là you Chuyển theo mệnh lệnh thức (Không có trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tơng lai). -Nếu có trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong t ơng lai thì diễn tả bổn phận Chuyển theo quy tắc thứ hai. C6: Must You must+V_inf Diễn tả bổn phận, mệnh lệnh thức Theo mệnh lệnh thức. Chủ ngữ là các danh từ còn lại: S(còn lại) + must + V_inf Diễn tả bổn phận Must Had to+ Vinf Must nt Did nt have to + V_inf. Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 5 5 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi Ex: He said, I must go home now . He said he had to go home then. C7: Dạng gián tiếp của câu có mệnh đề chỉ thời gian(là câu phức nối bằng when ; as soon as ; as = just as , once , then as , after , while , before ). -Mệnh đề 1 + từ nối + Mệnh đề 2 Clause 1 + linkword+ Clause 2. Clause Clause Rules and examples Present siple S + will + V_inf Theo quy tắc lùi 1 thì. Ex: As soon as I finish the book, I ll give it to you, He said. He said as soon as he finished the book, he would give it to me. Past Simple Past simple (2 hành động kế tiếp nhau) Có thể lùi hoắc giữ nguyên động từ của cả hai mệnh đề. Ex: When I cook, He laid the table I said. Past continuous Past simple (2 hành động đan xen) theo quy tắc nhng không lùi thì. Ex: When I was writing he came in She said. She said when she was writing he came in. Past ferfect Past simple Theo quy tắc nhng không lùi thì của động từ. Ex: After I had finished the task, I went out , He said. He said after he had finished the task, he went out. QKHTTD Past Simple Theo quy tắc và không lùi thì **Notes* Tất cả những mệnh đề đi với dạng câu when ở quá khứ đều phảI lùi 1 thì theo quy tắc. C8 Câu giả định: a,[ It s time/ It s high time + S + V(past simple) + O ] Đã đến lúc làm cái gì đó . Theo quy tắc , chỉ đợc lùi thì ngữ pháp của mệnh đề It s time, mệnh đề đứng sau giữ nguyên thì . Ex: It is the time you went home he said. He said it was the time I went home. b,[S d + rather (sooner) + S + V(past simple) + O ] Theo quy tắc nhng không lùi thì của động từ. Ex: I d rather she got out of here. He said. He said he d rather she got out of there. c. wish+Clause : Theo quy tắc nhng chỉ đợc lùi thì của động từ của wish -Khi V của mệnh đề sau wish là was hay were thì phải chuyển theo chủ ngữ mới . Ex: I wish I were you. He said to me. He said he wished he was me. I wish I had wings I said. I said I wished I had wings. d, If only giá mà , tiếc nuối cho một hành động đã xảy ra: Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 6 6 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi If only Will + V Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tơng lai thờng có adv đi kèm. If only Theo quy tắc nhng không lùi thì. Ex: If only we ll finished at 8.30 , Students say. Students say if only they ll finish at 8.30 . If only Past simple -Thờng chuyển theo câu điều kiện lại 2, có thể viết lại với sorry ở hiện tại. Ex: If only he was here . I Said. I said I was sorry he is there. Ex: If only I came there with you, he said He said he sorry he come there with me. -Tiếc nuối cho 1 hành động trong quá khứ. If only QKHT Theo quy tắc nhng không lùi thì . Ex: If only I had followed your advise he told me. He told me if only he had followed my advise. If only Would+ V -Diễn tả 1 hành động có khả năng xảy ra Theo quy tắc nhng không lùi thì. Ex: She said I m in troubles if only my brother would be here. She said she was in troubles if only her brother would be there. e. [ S + modal V (động từ khuyết thiếu) + have + Ved2 ] (been+Ving) Mẫu câu phỏng đoán : Theo quy tắc nhng giữ nguyên thì ngữ pháp . -Nếu modal V là have to/seem to thì phảI lùi thì của chúng. Ex: She looks sleepy. She must have stayed uplate last night Miss Lan said. Miss Lan said she looked sleepy, she must have stayed up late the night before. D, Conditional sentences (Câu điều kiện) D1: Type 1 -Theo quy tắc biến đỏi câu điều kiện loại 1 thành câu điều kiện loại 2 Ex: If I have time, I ll write to her Ann said. If she had time , she would write to her. Các dạng câu đặc biệt: -S + must( nt)/need( nt) + V_inf. -Mệnh lệnh thức Chuyển theo mệnh lênh thức Ex: If I have time, I need to see the doctor , he said He said to me to see the doctor if he had time. If you are free, you must finished housework, her mother said. Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 7 7 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi Her mother told her to finish housework if she was free.q -S + should( nt)/had (you) Better(not) + V_inf -Why don t you + V_inf Snn + advised + Onn + to/not to + Vtn_inf+ . Ex: If you have time, you should learn English , he said. He advised me to learn English if I have time. -Trong một số trờng hợp nếu có MĐ chính sử dụng cách dùng đặc biệt của động từ khuyết thiếu thì ta sẽ truyền đạt theo cấu trúc đó, Mệnh đề điều kiện vẫn theo quy tắc. D2:Type 2.3.4 -Ta chuyển theo quy tắc nhng không lùi thì của động từ . Ex: If I knew you, I would be very happy. He said. He said if he knew me, he would be very happy. -Khi chuyển câu điều kiện ở dạng nghi vấn ta phải ding asked, wheather mà không đ ợc dùng asked if để tránh trùng lặp. D3: Dạng đặc biệt: Câu gốc Meaning(ý nghĩa) How to change (Cách chuyển) If I were you, I would If I were your position, I would Khuyên Snn + advised + Onn+ to/not to + Vtn_inf Ex: If I were you, I d marry him she said. She advised me to marry him. *Dạng đặc biệt: a, Would you mind if I + V_ed(1) +O : Xin phép Do you mind if I +V(s/es) +O : Xin phép. Snn + asked + Onn + for + V_ing + Otn. Ex: Would you mind if I went to the party with Sam she said. She asked her mother for going to the party with Sam. b. I should be grateful if you should/would + V_inf+ Lời đề nghị. Snn + Asked + Onn + To + V_inf. Ex: I should be gratefull if you would pay me the meal , he said. He asked me to pay him the meal. E. Các dạng khác : I, would like 1.Would you like + st : Lời mời ăn uống. Snn + offered + Onn + st. Ex: Would you like a drink ? She said. She offered me a drink. 2.Would you like to do (V_inf) + st : Lời mời làm gì đó: Snn + invited Onn + to V_inf + st. 3.Các dạng khác với would like theo quy tắc nhng không lùi thì. * Chú ý : Một số trờng hợp diễn tả một hành động ẩn , ta chuyển theo cấu trúc thứ 2. Ex: Would you like fishing? he said. Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 8 8 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi He invited me to go fishing. II, Một số dạng thờng gặp: 1, You + V_inf: buộc tội Snn accused Onn + of +V_ing. Ex: You stole my bike , he said. He accused me of stealing his bike. 2, Please (don t)/ V_inf : Cầu xin , nài nỉ Snn + insisted sb on + (not)+V_ing . Snn begged sb + to/not to Ex: Please repeat the talk. He said. He begged me to repeat the talk. 3. Becareful + Clause (HTĐ) : Cảnh báo Snn warned Onn about st (there is/there are) Miêu tả (not) to + V_inf. Ex: Becareful , the dog is crazy . He warned me about the crazy dog. Remember + To Vinf + st : Nhắc nhở . Don t forget To V_inf Snn + reminded Onn + not to V_inf + Otn Of V_ing Ex: Remember to bring the umbrella with you he said. He reminded me to bring an umbrella with me. 5. Come on, go on, V/ don t V_ing : Giục giã : Snn + urged + Onn + to/not to + V_inf + otn. Ex Come on, write it down , The teacher said. The teacher urged the class to write it down. 6. S + don t/doesn t + think + clause : Nghi ngờ Snn doubted whether /If + clause (lùi thì) Ex: I don t think you has done all his home work. Teacher said. The teacher douted if he had done all his home work. 7. May/Might I + V_inf : Lời xin phép Snn asked Onn for +V_ing. Ex: May I go out Hoa said. Hoa asked me for going out. 8. May/Might + S + V_inf : diễn tả hành động ở tơng lai . Chuyển theo quy tắc chỉ có May Might Còn Might thì giữ nguyên. Ex : I may go to HCM city tomorrow, He said He said he might go to HCM city the following day. 9. What/How about + St/V_ing + O : Lời gợi ý Chuyển theo Suggested. 10. Lets a. Let s + V_inf : Rủ rê Chuyển theo suggested Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 9 9 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi b. Let s + not Trả lời cho lets + V : Từ chối . Chuyển theo refused Hoặc Snn + Be against + to + V_inf + Otn. c. Let s + not : Lời khuyên. Chuyển theo advised d. Let sb + V_inf + sb * Nếu sb là them Chuyển theo suggested . * Nếu sb là các tân ngữ khác trừ them Chuyển theo mệnh lệnh thức. 11. Here you are/ Here is + O Snn gave Onn + Otn 12. Thank you. Snn thanked Onn for st/ V_ing 13. Would/do you mind + V_ing . Snn asked Onn to + V_inf. IV Other Special Cases (Các tr ờng hợp đặc biệt khác): Thì của động từ không thay đổi khi chuyển sang câu trờng thuật trong những trờng hợp sau: + QKĐ hoặc QKTD trong câu nói về thời gian: Ex: John said : When I lived/ was living in London, I often saw Jane. John said when he lived/ was living in London, he often saw Jane. + QKĐ miêu tả một trạng thái mà trạng thái đó vẫn tồn tại Ex: I said I decided not to sell this house because it was on the main road . I said I had decided not to sell that house because it was on the main road. + Trong câu điều kiện loại 2 3 Ex: Marry said If I were you, I wouldn t come here . Marry said that she wished she were a boy. + Trong lời nói trực tiếp có: ., could/would/should/might/ought to . ., would rather sb did st : muốn ai đó làm gì trong hiện tại ,. Used to do st : đã từng/ có thói quen làm gì trong qua khứ. ., It s time + S + Ved2 : Đã đến lúc ai đó làm gì. ., had better (not)do st : Nên làm gì Advised sb (not) to do st Ex: I d rather you paid me now , I said to her. I told her I d rather she paid me then. + Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một trân lí, thói quen: Ex: My teacher said The sun rises in the East . My teacher said the sun rises in the East . + Nếu động từ của mệnh đề chính ở thì HTĐG (say) , HTHT (have/has said) hoặc Tơng lai đơn(win say) thì trong lời dẫn ta chỉ đổi đại từ. Ex: The farmer says : I hope it will rain tomorrow . The farmer sáy that he hopes it will rain tomorrow . Ex: She has said : I m tired now . She has said that she is tired then. Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 10 10 [...]... ®Ò : C©u Trùc tiÕp gi¸n tiÕp Ngäc Håi 04/04/2009 Designed by Anh Thµnh! 11 Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi 12 12 Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859... anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009) Truong THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi 13 Mr §VM 13 Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 . THPT Ngoc Hoi_Ha Noi Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone: 0166 859 3 567 12 12 [A6]_Chu Tyck Lop_ Mr DVM (2008-2009). C©u Trùc tiÕp gi¸n tiÕp . Ngäc Håi 04/04/2009 Designed by Anh Thµnh! Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn Websize: http://tutquan.rap.vn Phone:. là các danh từ còn lại: S(còn lại) + must + V_inf Diễn tả bổn phận Must Had to+ Vinf Must nt Did nt have to + V_inf. Email: anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@gmail.com anhthanhcompany.ltd1208@yahoo.com.vn