Index 2 european union ENGLISH EVERYDAY ADVANCE LEARNING

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Bản quyền thuộc về Tác giả Nguyễn Labose, William De Curstor, Giáo sư Apollo và: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation ENGLISH EVERYDAY ADVANCE LEARNING Edited and composed by Proffesor, Doctor Apollo Index 2: European Union In last lesson, we have learnt about English (Language) History. Today, we learn about EU. Then, we translate it into Vietnamese. I/ English: European Union From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "EU" redirects here. For other uses, see EU (disambiguation). European Union[show] Flag Motto: "United in diversity" [1][2][3] Anthem: "Ode to Joy" (orchestral) [2] MENU 0:00 Được sự hỗ trợ của Hội đồng Anh, Tập đoàn Giáo dục LBS Edu, DH Co., Ltd Xin chân thành cảm ơn đã tải về! Bản quyền thuộc về Tác giả Nguyễn Labose, William De Curstor, Giáo sư Apollo và: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation Location of the European Union's member states (green) Capital Brussels (de facto) [4][5] Largest cities London and Paris Official languages 24 languages [show] Demonym European [6] Member states 28 states [show] Leaders - President of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy - President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso Legislature of the European Union - Council of the European Union - European Parliament Formation - Treaty of Paris 23 July 1952 - Treaty of Rome 1 January 1958 Được sự hỗ trợ của Hội đồng Anh, Tập đoàn Giáo dục LBS Edu, DH Co., Ltd Xin chân thành cảm ơn đã tải về! Bản quyền thuộc về Tác giả Nguyễn Labose, William De Curstor, Giáo sư Apollo và: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation - Merger Treaty 1 July 1967 - Treaty of Maastricht 1 November 1993 - Treaty of Lisbon 1 December 2009 Area - Total 4,381,376 km 2 (7th a ) 1,691,658 sq mi - Water (%) 3.08 Population - 2013 estimate 505,665,739 [7] (3rd a ) - Density 116.2/km 2 300.9/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2014 estimate - Total $16.773 trillion [8] (2nd a ) - Per capita $33,084 [8] (17th a ) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate - Total $18.451 trillion [8] (1st a ) - Per capita $36,393 [9] (16th a ) Gini (2010) 30.4 [10] medium HDI (2011) 0.876 [11] very high · 13th / 25th a Currency Euro (EUR) (Eurozone) 11 others[show] Time zone WET (UTC) [a] CET (UTC+1) EET (UTC+2) - Summer (DST) WEST (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) EEST (UTC+3) Calling code 28 codes Được sự hỗ trợ của Hội đồng Anh, Tập đoàn Giáo dục LBS Edu, DH Co., Ltd Xin chân thành cảm ơn đã tải về! Bản quyền thuộc về Tác giả Nguyễn Labose, William De Curstor, Giáo sư Apollo và: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation +4x[x] +3x[x] Internet TLD .eu [b] Website europa.eu a. If considered as a single entity. The European Union (EU) is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are primarily located in Europe. [12][13] The EU operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states. [14] [15] Institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, the Court of Auditors, and the European Parliament. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958, respectively. In the intervening years, the community and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993. [16] The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. Within theSchengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. [17] EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, [18] enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, [19] agriculture, [20] fisheries, and regional development. [21] The monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002. It is currently composed of 18 member states that use the euro as their legal tender. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the EU has developed a role in external relations and defence. The union maintains Được sự hỗ trợ của Hội đồng Anh, Tập đoàn Giáo dục LBS Edu, DH Co., Ltd Xin chân thành cảm ơn đã tải về! Bản quyền thuộc về Tác giả Nguyễn Labose, William De Curstor, Giáo sư Apollo và: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at theUnited Nations, the WTO, the G8, and the G-20. With a combined population of over 500 million inhabitants, [22] or 7.3% of the world population, [23] the EU in 2012 generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of 16.584 trillion US dollars, constituting approximately 23% of global nominal GDP and 20% when measured in terms of purchasing power parity, which is the largest economy by nominal GDP and the second largest economy by GDP (PPP) in the world. [24] In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. [25] Contents [hide] • 1 History o 1.1 Structural evolution • 2 Geography o 2.1 Member states • 3 Politics o 3.1 Constitutional nature o 3.2 Governance o 3.3 Budget o 3.4 Competences • 4 Legal system o 4.1 Courts of Justice o 4.2 Fundamental rights o 4.3 Acts • 5 Justice and home affairs • 6 Foreign relations o 6.1 Military Được sự hỗ trợ của Hội đồng Anh, Tập đoàn Giáo dục LBS Edu, DH Co., Ltd Xin chân thành cảm ơn đã tải về! Bản quyền thuộc về Tác giả Nguyễn Labose, William De Curstor, Giáo sư Apollo và: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation o 6.2 Humanitarian aid • 7 Economy o 7.1 Internal market o 7.2 Competition o 7.3 Monetary union o 7.4 Financial supervision o 7.5 Energy o 7.6 Infrastructure o 7.7 Agriculture o 7.8 Environment • 8 Education and science • 9 Health care • 10 Demographics o 10.1 Languages o 10.2 Religion • 11 Culture and sport • 12 See also • 13 Notes o 13.1 Footnotes o 13.2 Citations • 14 References • 15 External links History Main articles: History of the European Union and History of Europe Được sự hỗ trợ của Hội đồng Anh, Tập đoàn Giáo dục LBS Edu, DH Co., Ltd Xin chân thành cảm ơn đã tải về! Bản quyền thuộc về Tác giả Nguyễn Labose, William De Curstor, Giáo sư Apollo và: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation Robert Schuman proposing theCoal and Steel Community on 9 May1950. After World War II, moves towards European integration were seen by many as an escape from the extreme forms of nationalism that had devastated the continent. [26] The 1948Hague Congress was a pivotal moment in European federal history, as it led to the creation of the European Movement International and also of the College of Europe, a place where Europe's future leaders would live and study together. [27] 1952 saw the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, which was declared to be "a first step in the federation of Europe", starting with the aim of eliminating the possibility of further wars between its member states by means of pooling the national heavy industries. [28] The founding members of the Community were Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, andWest Germany. The originators and supporters of the Community include Alcide De Gasperi, Jean Monnet, Robert Schuman, and Paul-Henri Spaak. [29] The continental territories of the member states of the European Union (European Communities pre-1993), coloured in order of accession. Được sự hỗ trợ của Hội đồng Anh, Tập đoàn Giáo dục LBS Edu, DH Co., Ltd Xin chân thành cảm ơn đã tải về! Bản quyền thuộc về Tác giả Nguyễn Labose, William De Curstor, Giáo sư Apollo và: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation In 1957, the six countries signed the Treaty of Rome, which extended the earlier co-operation within the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and created theEuropean Economic Community (EEC), establishing a customs union. They also signed another treaty on the same day creating the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for co-operation in developing nuclear energy. Both treaties came into force in 1958. [29] The EEC and Euratom were created separately from ECSC, although they shared the same courts and the Common Assembly. The executives of the new communities were called Commissions, as opposed to the "High Authority". The EEC was headed by Walter Hallstein (Hallstein Commission) and Euratom was headed by Louis Armand (Armand Commission) and thenÉtienne Hirsch. Euratom would integrate sectors in nuclear energy while the EEC would develop a customs union between members. [30][31] Throughout the 1960s, tensions began to show with France seeking to limit supranational power. However, in 1965, an agreement was reached and hence in 1967, the Merger Treaty was signed in Brussels. It came into force on 1 July 1967 and created a single set of institutions for the three communities, which were collectively referred to as the European Communities(EC), although commonly just as the European Community. [32][33] Jean Rey presided over the first merged Commission (Rey Commission). [34] In 1989, the Iron Curtain fell, enabling the union to expand further. (Berlin Wall) In 1973, the Communities enlarged to include Denmark (including Greenland, which later left the Community in 1985, following a dispute over fishing rights), Ireland, and the United Kingdom. [35] Norway had negotiated to join at the same time, but Norwegian Được sự hỗ trợ của Hội đồng Anh, Tập đoàn Giáo dục LBS Edu, DH Co., Ltd Xin chân thành cảm ơn đã tải về! Bản quyền thuộc về Tác giả Nguyễn Labose, William De Curstor, Giáo sư Apollo và: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation voters rejected membership in a referendum. In 1979, the first direct, democratic elections to the European Parliament were held. [36] Greece joined in 1981; Portugal and Spain in 1986. [37] In 1985, the Schengen Agreement led the way toward the creation of open borders without passport controls between most member states and some non-member states. [38] In 1986, the European flag began to be used by the Community [39] and the Single European Act was signed. The euro was introduced in 2002, replacing 12 national currencies. Six countries have since joined; the latest entrant, Latvia, in 2014. In 1990, after the fall of the Eastern Bloc, the former East Germany became part of the Community as part of a reunited Germany. [40] With further enlargement planned for former communist states,Cyprus, and Malta, the Copenhagen criteria for candidate members to join the EU were agreed upon in June 1993. The European Union was formally established when the Maastricht Treaty— whose main architects were Helmut Kohl and François Mitterrand—came into force on 1 November 1993. [16] In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU. In 2002, euro banknotes and coins replaced national currencies in 12 of the member states. Since then, the eurozone has increased to encompass 18 countries. In 2004, the EU saw its biggest enlargement to date when Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined the Union. [41] Được sự hỗ trợ của Hội đồng Anh, Tập đoàn Giáo dục LBS Edu, DH Co., Ltd Xin chân thành cảm ơn đã tải về! Bản quyền thuộc về Tác giả Nguyễn Labose, William De Curstor, Giáo sư Apollo và: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation Europe Day in Warsaw, Poland, a celebration of the European integration and peace between the European nations, awarded with the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize. On 1 January 2007, Romania and Bulgaria became EU members. In the same year, Sloveniaadopted the euro, [41] followed in 2008 by Cyprus and Malta, by Slovakia in 2009, by Estonia in 2011 and by Latvia in 2014. In June 2009, the European Parliament elections were held, leading to the second Barroso Commission, and by July, Iceland formally applied for EU membership, but has since suspended negotiations. On 1 December 2009, the Lisbon Treaty entered into force and reformed many aspects of the EU. In particular, it changed the legal structure of the European Union, merging the EU three pillars system into a single legal entity provisioned with a legal personality, created a permanent President of the European Council, the first of which was Herman Van Rompuy, and strengthened the High Representative,Catherine Ashton. [42] The European Union received the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize for having "contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy, and human rights in Europe." [43][44] On 1 July 2013, Croatia became the 28th EU member. [45][46][47] The 8th European Parliament election in May 2014 saw euroskeptic parties gain a larger voteshare than previous elections. Structural evolution Main article: Treaties of the European Union Signed In force Document 1948 1948 Brussels Treaty 1951 1952 Paris Treaty 1954 1955 Modified Brussels Treaty 1957 1958 Rome treaties 1965 1967 Merger Treaty 1975 N/A European Council conclusion 1985 1985 Schengen Treaty 1986 1987 Single European Act Được sự hỗ trợ của Hội đồng Anh, Tập đoàn Giáo dục LBS Edu, DH Co., Ltd Xin chân thành cảm ơn đã tải về! [...]... institutions: the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the European Council, the European Central Bank, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Auditors Competencies in scrutinising and amending legislation are divided between the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union while executive tasks are carried out by the European. .. France Paris Found 65,633 ,2 674, er 00 843 Germa Berlin ny Found 80, 523 ,7 357, er[d] 00 021 Greece Athens 1 Jan 11,0 62, 5 131, 1981 00 990 Hunga Budape 1 May 9,908,80 93,0 ry st 20 04 0 30 Ireland Dublin Romania Slovakia Slovenia Italy Rome Spain Sweden 1 Jan 5, 426 ,70 338, 1995 0 424 Latvia Riga 1 Jan 4,591,10 70 ,2 1973 0 73 Found 59,685 ,2 301, er 00 338 1 May 2, 023 ,80 64,5 20 04 0 89 Được sự hỗ trợ của... Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation Nam e Popul Capit Acce ation[ 52 al ssion ] Ar ea (k m2 ) Lithua 1 May 2, 971,90 65 ,2 Vilnius nia 20 04 0 00 Luxem Luxem Found 2, 58 537,000 bourg bourg er 6.4 Malta Valletta United Kingdom 1 May 421 ,400 316 20 04 Nether Amster Found 16,779,6 41,5 lands dam er 00 43 Warsa w 1 May 38,533,3 3 12, 20 04 00 685 Portug Lisbon al 1 Jan 10,487,3 92, 3 1986 00 90... Capit Acce ation[ 52 al ssion ] Austria Vienna Ar ea (k m2 ) 1 Jan 8,451,90 83,8 1995 0 55 Belgiu Brussel Found 11,161,6 30,5 m s er 00 28 Bulgar Sofia ia Croatia Zagreb Belgium 1 Jul 4 ,26 2,10 56,5 20 13 0 94 Cyprus Nicosia Austria 1 Jan 7 ,28 4,60 110, 20 07 0 994 1 May 9 ,25 865,900 20 04 1 Czech 1 May 10,516,1 78,8 Republ Prague 20 04 00 66 ic Bulgaria Croatia Denma Copenh rk agen 1 Jan 5,6 02, 60 43,0 1973... corporations measured by revenue (Fortune Global 500 in 20 10), 161 have their headquarters in the EU.[141] In 20 07, unemployment in the EU stood at 7%[1 42] while investment was at 21 .4% of GDP, inflation at 2. 2%, and current account balance at −0.9% of GDP (i.e., slightly more import than export) In 20 12, unemployment in the EU stood, per August 20 12, at 11.4%[1 42] Được sự hỗ trợ của Hội đồng Anh, Tập đoàn Giáo... Military of the European Union The Eurofighter Typhoon and Eurocopter Tiger are built by consortia of companies based in EU member states The European Union does not have one unified military The predecessors of the European Union were not devised as a strong military alliance because NATO was largely seen as appropriate and sufficient for defence purposes.[ 120 ] 22 EU members are members of NATO[ 121 ] while... 'thematic' instruments.[1 32] The 'geographic' instruments provide aid through the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI, €16.9 billion, 20 07 20 13), which must spend 95% of its budget on overseas development assistance (ODA), and from the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument(ENPI), which contains some relevant programmes.[1 32] The European Development Fund (EDF, 22 .7 bn, 20 08 20 13) is made up... Apollo và: Wikipedia Encyclopedia, DH Co., Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation European Communities: European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) European Coal and Steel Community (EC European Economic Community (EEC Schengen R TREVI European Po Cooperation Unconsolidated bodies Western European Union (WEU) Geography Main article: Geography of the European Union The EU's climate is influenced by its... to the European Union as an association of sovereign states and affirms that making the EU a federation would require replacement of the German constitution.[71] Others claim that it will not develop into a federal state but has reached maturity as an international organisation.[ 72] Governance Main articles: Institutions of the European Union and Legislature of the European Union The European Union. .. deploy quickly about 1500 personnel.[ 127 ] EU forces have been deployed on peacekeeping missions from middle and northern Africa to Western Balkans and western Asia.[ 128 ] EU military operations are supported by a number of bodies, including the European Defence Agency, European Union Satellite Centre and the European Union Military Staff.[ 129 ] In an EU consisting of 28 members, substantial security and . Ltd, English Council, LBS EDU Corporation ENGLISH EVERYDAY ADVANCE LEARNING Edited and composed by Proffesor, Doctor Apollo Index 2: European Union In last lesson, we have learnt about English. Jan 1995 8,451,90 0 83,8 55 Belgiu m Brussel s Found er 11,161,6 00 30,5 28 Bulgar ia Sofia 1 Jan 20 07 7 ,28 4,60 0 110, 994 Croatia Zagreb 1 Jul 20 13 4 ,26 2,10 0 56,5 94 Cyprus Nicosia 1 May 20 04 865,900 9 ,25 1 Czech Republ ic Prague 1 May 20 04 10,516,1 00 78,8 66 Denma rk Copenh agen 1. the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, the Court of Auditors, and the European