800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Cisco Press CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition Wendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624 1828xbook.fm Page i Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM ii CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition Wendell Odom Copyright© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Printed in the United States of America First Printing August 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Odom, Wendell. CCENT/CCNA ICND1 official exam certification guide / Wendell Odom. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-58720-182-0 (hardback w/cd) 1. Electronic data processing personnel Certification. 2. Computer net- works Examinations Study guides. I. Title. QA76.3.O358 2007 004.6 dc22 2007029241 ISBN-13: 978-1-58720-182-0 ISBN-10: 1-58720-182-8 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about the Cisco ICND1 (640-822), ICND2 (640-816), and CCNA (640-802) exams. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The author, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it. The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc. 1828xbook.fm Page ii Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM iii Trademark Acknowledgments All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Corporate and Government Sales The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. 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Publisher: Paul Boger Copy Editor: Gayle Johnson and Bill McManus Associate Publisher: Dave Dusthimer Technical Editors: Teri Cook, Brian D’Andrea, and Steve Kalman Cisco Representative: Anthony Wolfenden Editorial Assistant: Vanessa Evans Cisco Press Program Manager: Jeff Brady Book and Cover Designer: Louisa Adair Executive Editor: Brett Bartow Composition: ICC Macmillan Inc. Managing Editor: Patrick Kanouse Indexer: Tim Wright Senior Development Editor: Christopher Cleveland Proofreader: Suzanne Thomas Senior Project Editor: San Dee Phillips and Meg Shaw 1828xbook.fm Page iii Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM iv About the Author Wendell Odom , CCIE No. 1624, has been in the networking industry since 1981. He currently teaches QoS, MPLS, and CCNA courses for Skyline Advanced Technology Services (http://www.skyline-ats.com). He has also worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer. He is the author of all previous editions of the CCNA Exam Certification Guide , as well as the Cisco QOS Exam Certification Guide , Second Edition, Computer Networking First-Step , CCIE Routing and Switching Official Exam Certification Guide , Second Edition, and CCNA Video Mentor — all from Cisco Press. 1828xbook.fm Page iv Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM v About the Technical Reviewers Teri Cook (CCSI, CCDP, CCNP, CCDA, CCNA, MCT, and MCSE 2000/2003: Security) has more than ten years of experience in the IT industry. She has worked with different types of organizations in the private business and DoD sectors, providing senior-level network and security technical skills in the design and implementation of complex computing environments. Since obtaining her certifications, Teri has been committed to bringing quality IT training to IT professionals as an instructor. She is an outstanding instructor who uses real-world experience to present complex networking technologies. As an IT instructor, Teri has been teaching Cisco classes for more than five years. Brian D’Andrea (CCNA, CCDA, MCSE, A+, and Net+) has 11 years of IT experience in both medical and financial environments, where planning and supporting critical networking technologies were his primary responsibilities. For the last five years he has dedicated himself to technical training. Brian spends most of his time with The Training Camp, an IT boot camp provider. Using his real-world experience and his ability to break difficult concepts into a language that students can understand, Brian has successfully trained hundreds of students for both work and certification endeavors. Stephen Kalman is a data security trainer. He is the author or tech editor of more than 20 books, courses, and CBT titles. His most recent book is Web Security Field Guide , published by Cisco Press. In addition to those responsibilities he runs a consulting company, Esquire Micro Consultants, which specializes in network security assessments and forensics. Mr. Kalman holds SSCP, CISSP, ISSMP, CEH, CHFI, CCNA, CCSA (Checkpoint), A+, Network+ and Security+ certifications and is a member of the New York State Bar. 1828xbook.fm Page v Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM vi Dedication For Brett Bartow. Thanks for being such a steady, insightful, and incredibly trustworthy guide through the publishing maze. 1828xbook.fm Page vi Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM vii Acknowledgments The team who helped produce this book has been simply awesome. Everyone who touched this book has made it better, and they’ve been particularly great at helping catch the errors that always creep into the manuscript. Brian, Teri, and Steve all did a great job TEing the book. Besides helping a lot with technical accuracy, Brian made a lot of good suggestions about traps that he sees when teaching CCNA classes, helping the book avoid those same pitfalls. Teri’s ability to see each phrase in the context of an entire chapter, or the whole book, was awesome, helping catch things that no one would otherwise catch. Steve spent most of his TE time on the ICND2 book, but he did lend great help with this one, particularly with his reviews of the security-oriented topics, an area in which he’s an expert. And more so than any other book I’ve written, the TEs really sunk their teeth into the specifics of every example, helping catch errors. Thanks so much! Another (ho-hum) all-star performance from Chris Cleveland, who developed the book. Now I empathize with sports writers who have to write about the local team’s star who bats .300, hits 40 homers, and drives in 100 runs, every year, for his whole career. How many ways can you say he does a great job? I’ll keep it simple: Thanks, Chris. The wonderful and mostly hidden production folks did their usual great job. When every time I see how they reworded something, and think, “Wow; why didn’t I write that?”, it makes me appreciate the kind of team we have at Cisco Press. The final copy edit, figure review, and pages review process required a fair amount of juggling and effort as well – thanks to Patrick’s team, especially San Dee, Meg, Tonya, for working so well with all the extra quality initiatives we’ve implemented. Thanks to you all! Additionally, several folks who didn’t have any direct stake in the book also helped it along. Thanks to Frank Knox for the discussions on the exams, why they’re so difficult, and about troubleshooting. Thanks to Rus Healy for the help with wireless. Thanks to the Mikes at Skyline for making my schedule work to get this book (and the ICND2 book) out the door. And thanks to the course and exam teams at Cisco for the great early communications and interactions about the changes to the courses and exams. Finally, thanks to my wife Kris for all her support with my writing efforts, her prayers, and her understanding when the deadline didn’t quite match with our vacation plans this summer. And thanks to Jesus Christ—all this effort is just striving after the wind without Him. 1828xbook.fm Page vii Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM viii This Book Is Safari Enabled The Safari ® Enabled icon on the cover of your favorite technol- ogy book means that the book is available through Safari Book- shelf. When you buy this book, you get free access to the online edition for 45 days. Safari Bookshelf is an electronic reference library that lets you easily search thousands of technical books, find code samples, download chapters, and access technical information whenever and wherever you need it. To gain 45-day Safari Enabled access to this book: ■ Go to http://www.ciscopress.com/safarienabled. ■ Complete the brief registration form. ■ Enter the coupon code 6EM9-WNXL-7Z1E-9UL2-KAEC. If you have difficulty registering on Safari Bookshelf or access- ing the online edition, please e-mail customer-service@safari- booksonline.com. 1828xbook.fm Page viii Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM ix Contents at a Glance Foreword xxvi Introduction xxvii Part I Networking Fundamentals 3 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer Networking Concepts 5 Chapter 2 The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models 17 Chapter 3 Fundamentals of LANs 41 Chapter 4 Fundamentals of WANs 71 Chapter 5 Fundamentals of IP Addressing and Routing 93 Chapter 6 Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport, Applications, and Security 129 Part II LAN Switching 165 Chapter 7 Ethernet LAN Switching Concepts 167 Chapter 8 Operating Cisco LAN Switches 197 Chapter 9 Ethernet Switch Configuration 231 Chapter 10 Ethernet Switch Troubleshooting 267 Chapter 11 Wireless LANs 299 Part III IP Routing 329 Chapter 12 IP Addressing and Subnetting 331 Chapter 13 Operating Cisco Routers 399 Chapter 14 Routing Protocol Concepts and Configuration 435 Chapter 15 Troubleshooting IP Routing 471 Part IV Wide-Area Networks 509 Chapter 16 WAN Concepts 511 Chapter 17 WAN Configuration 539 1828xbook.fm Page ix Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM x Part V Final Preparation 563 Chapter 18 Final Preparation 565 Part VI Appendixes 575 Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes 577 Appendix B Decimal to Binary Conversion Table 591 Appendix C ICND1 Exam Updates: Version 1.0 595 Glossary 599 Index 624 Part VII CD-Only Appendix C ICND1 Exam Updates: Version 1.0 Appendix D Subnetting Practice Appendix E Subnetting Reference Pages Appendix F Additional Scenarios Appendix G Subnetting Video Reference Appendix H Memory Tables Appendix I Memory Tables Answer Key Appendix J ICND1 Open-Ended Questions 1828xbook.fm Page x Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM [...]... Quizzes Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 577 578 578 579 579 5 80 581 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 577 1828xbook.fm Page xxiii Thursday, July 26, 200 7 3: 10 PM xxiii Appendix B Decimal to Binary Conversion Table Appendix C ICND1 Exam Updates: Version 1 .0 Glossary... certifications, announced in June 200 7, Cisco created the ICND1 (64 0- 8 22) and ICND2 (64 0- 8 16) exams, along with the CCNA (64 0- 8 02 ) exam To become CCNA certified, you can pass both the ICND1 and ICND2 exams, or just the CCNA exam The CCNA exam simply covers all the topics on the ICND1 and ICND2 exams, giving you two options for gaining your CCNA certification The two -exam path gives people with less experience... History of Ethernet 48 The Original Ethernet Standards: 10BASE2 and 10BASE5 48 Repeaters 50 Building 10BASE-T Networks with Hubs 51 Ethernet UTP Cabling 52 UTP Cables and RJ-45 Connectors 52 Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs 54 UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100 BASE-TX 55 100 0BASE-T Cabling 58 1828xbook.fm Page xii Thursday, July 26, 200 7 3: 10 PM xii Improving Performance by Using Switches Instead... Question 4 501 Scenario Part B: Question 5 501 Scenario Part B: Question 6 502 Scenario Part B: Question 7 503 Scenario Part C: Analyze Connected Routes 503 Scenario Part C: Answers 503 4 60 1828xbook.fm Page xxi Thursday, July 26, 200 7 3: 10 PM xxi Exam Preparation Tasks 505 Review All the Key Topics 505 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Command Reference 506 Part IV Wide-Area Networks 509 Chapter. .. new certification, CCENT Figure I-1 shows the basic organization of the certifications and the exams used to get your CCENT and CCNA certifications (Note that there is no separate certification for passing the ICND2 exam. ) Figure I-1 Cisco Entry-Level Certifications and Exams Take ICND1 (64 0- 8 22) Exam pass CCENT Certified Take ICND2 (64 0- 8 16) Exam pass Take CCNA (64 0- 8 02 ) Exam pass CCNA Certified As you... the ICND (64 0- 8 11) exam, plus some coverage of topics in the INTRO (64 0- 8 21) exam The new CCNA exam (64 0- 8 02 ) covers all the topics on both the ICND1 (64 0- 8 22) and ICND2 (64 0- 8 16) exams One of the reasons for more-balanced coverage in the exams is that some of the topics that used to be in the second exam have been moved to the first exam ... Across the Network 100 R3’s Logic: Delivering Data to the End Destination 100 1828xbook.fm Page xiii Thursday, July 26, 200 7 3: 10 PM xiii Network Layer Interaction with the Data Link Layer 101 IP Packets and the IP Header 102 Network Layer (Layer 3) Addressing 103 Routing Protocols 104 IP Addressing 105 IP Addressing Definitions 105 How IP Addresses Are Grouped 106 Classes of Networks 107 The Actual Class... July 26, 200 7 3: 10 PM xxvi Foreword CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition, is an excellent self-study resource for the CCENT and CCNA ICND1 exam Passing the ICND1 exam validates the knowledge and skills required to successfully install, operate, and troubleshoot a small branch office network It is the sole required exam for CCENT certification and the first of two exams required... Thursday, July 26, 200 7 3: 10 PM xxii Exam Preparation Tasks 5 60 Review All the Key Topics 5 60 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Definitions of Key Terms 5 60 Command References 5 60 Part V Final Preparation 5 60 563 Chapter 18 Final Preparation 565 Tools for Final Preparation 565 Exam Engine and Questions on the CD 565 Install the Software from the CD 566 Activate and Download the Practice Exam 566 Activating... Lengths 191 Exam Preparation Tasks 194 Review All the Key Topics 194 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 194 Definitions of Key Terms 195 Chapter 8 Operating Cisco LAN Switches 197 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 197 Foundation Topics 200 Accessing the Cisco Catalyst 29 60 Switch CLI 200 Cisco Catalyst Switches and the 29 60 Switch 201 185 1828xbook.fm Page xv Thursday, July 26, 200 7 3: 10 PM xv Switch . Certification. 2. Computer net- works Examinations Study guides. I. Title. QA76.3.O358 200 7 00 4.6 dc22 200 702 9241 ISBN-13: 97 8-1 -5 872 0- 1 8 2 -0 ISBN- 10: 1-5 872 0- 1 8 2-8 Warning and Disclaimer . Printing August 200 7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Odom, Wendell. CCENT/CCNA ICND1 official exam certification guide / Wendell Odom. p. cm. ISBN 97 8-1 -5 872 0- 1 8 2 -0 (hardback. Thursday, July 26, 200 7 3: 10 PM ii CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition Wendell Odom Copyright© 200 8 Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis,