Macromedia fireworks MX bible phần 10 ppt

879 Appendix A ✦ A Web Primer to be built into a range of software and hardware products such as other Web browsers or set-top boxes. Web professionals should definitely keep an eye on these developments. Microsoft Internet Explorer IE 1 and 2 were very limited in their feature sets and not widely used, and can be ignored completely. IE 3 includes some basic CSS features, but they are poorly implemented and in a completely different way than IE 4, so targeting CSS at IE 3 is not recommended. The Windows version doesn’t support image swaps, but if you use them, the user will not see any errors. Keep this in mind if you create complex image swaps that appear to do nothing when viewed or tested in IE 3. If a Web design feature doesn’t work for a particular browser, but that browser doesn’t display an error upon encountering the code, it is said that it “fails without error.” It’s good to know common Web design terms like this. Internet Explorer 4 for Windows generally renders HTML pages very well, and supports — albeit incompletely — a number of advanced Web technologies. Its reputation is marred by its forced integration with Windows and its refusal to play nice with a Netscape browser installed on the same machine. IE 5 for Windows improved standards support, but many Web developers still target the feature set of IE 4 (although testing in IE 5 is still recommended). IE 5.5 for Windows introduced a new range of Microsoft-specific HTML extensions, recalling the bad old days when browser manufacturers competed mainly in new ways to encourage Web developers to create pages that would work only in one brand of browser. IE 3 is rarely used now, but the feature set survives in many AOL browsers based on it. Tip Note The Wonders of a Mac with Virtual PC A Macintosh with Virtual PC installed is the ideal testing computer for any Web design shop because you can run multiple versions of every Netscape, Microsoft, and AOL browser for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux, and also the WebTV viewer, all on the same machine (without multiple hard drive partitions or rebooting). The key to this is getting around IE and AOL for Windows’ insistence that there be only one version of their browser on each Windows computer. Virtual PC circumvents this problem by enabling you to maintain mul- tiple configurations, each corresponding to a different virtual boot drive — just a file on your hard disk, really — for the Virtual PC application. Each configuration can contain a different Windows or Linux version, configuration, and browser (and/or set of installed browser plug- ins). In fact, all the screen captures in this book were taken on one Macintosh computer, running multiple versions of Windows, and about 10 different browser versions. 3662-1 AppA.F 8/2/02 3:00 PM Page 879 882 Part VIII ✦ Appendixes Figure A-9: The Web page from Figure A-1 is revisited in the WebTV Viewer 2.0 for Macintosh. Understanding cross-platform concerns The Web can be surprisingly cross-platform when you consider that Netscape browsers act similarly on Windows, Macintosh, and Linux, but you need to keep a few major caveats in mind if you want your Web pages to look similar on different platforms. Fonts Before the Web existed, computer-based publishing was primarily print publishing. Choosing a font in a computer program has therefore traditionally meant choosing a point (pt) size. Displaying a 12pt font on a pixel-based computer display requires that the computer convert points, which are 1 ⁄72 of an inch, into pixels (px), the smallest dots a computer monitor can display. 3662-1 AppA.F 8/2/02 3:00 PM Page 882 883 Appendix A ✦ A Web Primer Figure A-10 shows a Web page displayed on a Macintosh, where the specified 10pt font is displayed as a 10px font because the Mac assumes the standard 72 dpi. Figure A-10: Mac OS uses a value of 72 dpi to convert points into pixels, so fonts appear smaller in Mac OS browsers than they do in their Windows counterparts. Figure A-11 shows the same Web page on a Windows computer, where the specified 10pt font is displayed as a 12px font because Windows assumes 96 dpi. Internet Explorer 5 for Macintosh introduced a new feature to improve the cross- platform display of fonts: It has a resolution preference that is set to the Windows standard of 96 dpi by default. However, it also sets the default font size to 16 points so that users who don’t change the settings will actually see text at a larger size than their Windows-using counterparts. Note 3662-1 AppA.F 8/2/02 3:00 PM Page 883 884 Part VIII ✦ Appendixes Figure A-11: Windows uses a value of 96 dpi to convert points into pixels, so fonts appear bigger in Windows browsers than they do in their Mac OS counterparts. Form widgets Form widgets are provided by a computer’s operating system, not by the browser, and so look different on each platform, and are often differently sized as well, as shown in Figure A-12. Web authors need to be aware of this and allow for it in their designs, leaving extra space as necessary and testing on other platforms whenever possible. One common mistake is to mix form widgets with image buttons that resemble the form widgets on your particular operating system. Mac OS X form widgets are very different than those on other operating systems — they appear as translucent glass — and can really change the look of your page. 3662-1 AppA.F 8/2/02 3:00 PM Page 884 885 Appendix A ✦ A Web Primer Figure A-12: Form widgets look different and are even slightly different sizes on each operating system. Understanding Protocols Information travels across the Internet according to the specifications of a protocol suite called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). A protocol suite is, quite simply, a collection of protocols, or agreements on how to do some- thing. TCP/IP contains over a hundred of them, but let’s look at just the most com- monly used ones here. HTTP and HTTPS HTTP, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol, carries requests for HTML pages from Web browsers to servers, and carries HTML pages back from servers to browsers. As you may well imagine, this function is fairly common on the World Wide Web. When a browser and server want to talk privately — during an e-commerce transaction, for example — they use the HTTPS protocol instead: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. When a browser is using HTTPS, a closed lock or similar icon is displayed for the user and information is encrypted before it’s sent. All Web browsers support HTTP; most support HTTPS. An HTTP URL is written http://www.opensrs.com. An HTTPS URL is similar, except it uses an https:// prefix. 3662-1 AppA.F 8/2/02 3:00 PM Page 885 886 Part VIII ✦ Appendixes FTP FTP (File Transfer Protocol) enables files to be copied between computers — even different kinds of computers — and for basic file manipulation functions, such as listing a folder of files on a remote computer. Browsers support rudimentary FTP, but a dedicated FTP Client such as WS FTP for Windows or Interarchy for Macintosh is needed to take full advantage of the control that FTP enables. Many FTP servers enable anonymous guest logins, where your e-mail address is your password and you have limited privileges. An FTP URL appears as follows: ftp://ftp.panic.com. It may seem as if ftp is specified twice in the URL ftp://ftp.panic.com, but that is not the case. The first ftp is the protocol, and the second ftp is the name of panic.com’s FTP server. In the same way, HTTP servers are often named www, as in http://www.panic.com. SMTP and POP SMTP, or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, enables different computers on a network to route e-mail to each other. POP, or Post Office Protocol, is a newer method for receiving mail. E-mail clients such as Netscape Messenger or Microsoft Outlook Express use SMTP and POP to send and receive e-mail. NNTP NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) is used by Internet news readers to query news servers, and by news servers to deliver news messages. NNTP is responsible for the Usenet news we all know and love. An NNTP URL appears as: news:// forums.macromedia.com/macromedia.fireworks . Other protocols use prefixes that are the same as their names — ftp:// for FTP, for example — but NNTP URLs use the news:// prefix. RTSP RTSP, or Real-Time Streaming Protocol, is perhaps the sexiest Internet protocol, enabling for the efficient transfer of streaming multimedia files such as audio or video over the Internet. The real-time refers to the fact that audio and video files need to get to the client in a timely fashion so as not to interrupt the presentation. An example of server software that sends information using RTSP is QuickTime Streaming Server. All that’s needed is the QuickTime Player (see Figure A-13) to receive it. An RTSP URL starts with an rtsp:// prefix. Note Tip 3662-1 AppA.F 8/2/02 3:00 PM Page 886 887 Appendix A ✦ A Web Primer Figure A-13: QuickTime Player (left) and Windows Media Player both use RTSP to receive streaming multimedia (in this case, video) over the Internet. ✦✦✦ 3662-1 AppA.F 8/2/02 3:00 PM Page 887 3662-1 AppA.F 8/2/02 3:00 PM Page 888 [...]... the CD-ROM that accompanies the Fireworks MX Bible For the latest and greatest information, please refer to the ReadMe file located at the root of the CD The CD-ROM contains the following: System requirements Using the CD with Windows and Macintosh ✦ Fully functioning trial versions of Macromedia s Fireworks MX, Dreamweaver MX, Flash MX, and FreeHand 10 What’s on the CD ✦ Fireworks- compatible filters... file manager A few of the Fireworks extensions that include files that must be placed in different folders are also compressed Where possible, the file structure of the CD-ROM replicates the structure that Fireworks MX sets up when it is installed For example, textures are found in the Fireworks MX/ Settings/Textures folder on both the CD-ROM and the folder that the Fireworks MX installer creates on your... on the CD-ROM follows 3662-1 AppC.F 8/2/02 3:01 PM Page 911 Appendix C ✦ What’s on the CD-ROM Fireworks MX, Dreamweaver MX, Flash MX, and FreeHand 10 demos If you haven’t had a chance to work with Fireworks (or Dreamweaver, Flash, or FreeHand), the CD-ROM offers fully functioning trial versions of these key Macromedia programs for both Macintosh and Windows systems Each of these demos can be used for... Caution The trial versions of the Macromedia programs are very sensitive to system date changes If you alter your computer’s date, the program “times out” and is no longer functional The full Fireworks version comes with a wonderful assortment of styles To sample this work, visit the Fireworks Web site at www .macromedia. com/software/ fireworks/ Additional programs Fireworks MX is definitely one program... in their own self-named folder Although these are fairly simple to create in Fireworks, why reinvent the wheel when you have so much other work to do? Included in this collection is a wide variety of dotted and dashed strokes as well as an arrowhead library Fireworks MX Bible examples Example images used in the Fireworks MX Bible can be found in the Examples folder of the CD-ROM, organized by the chapter... default keyboard shortcuts in Fireworks MX are part of the Macromedia Common UI and are similar to the defaults found in many other Macromedia applications We’ll go menu by menu in the first of the tables that follow In Table B-12, you’ll find keyboard shortcuts for the Fireworks tools that will aid in quickly selecting commonly used tools In Table B-13, you’ll find my Top Ten Fireworks Keyboard Shortcuts... access to Fireworks online manual, tutorial, and even the Fireworks Web site Table B-11 details its keyboard shortcuts Table B-11 Help Menu Keyboard Shortcuts Command Macintosh About Balloon Help (Mac OS 9 only) — n/a Show Balloons (Mac OS 9 only) — n/a Fireworks Help — Command+? Welcome n/a n/a What’s New n/a n/a Using Fireworks F1 — Manage Extensions n/a n/a Fireworks Support Center n/a n/a Macromedia. .. with Fireworks Fireworks extensions Fireworks is blessed with a robust community that not only creates great artwork and utilities, but also shares them The CD-ROM includes numerous extensions — commands, styles, and textures — from the Fireworks community Not only can these tools ease your workflow, but they can also vary and enhance your designs Fireworks commands With the availability of the Fireworks. .. Extensions folder, you’ll find some commands packed in Macromedia mxp format Double-click these files to install them using the Extension Manager For more details on using the Extension Manager, see Chapter 19 What’s on the CD The Fireworks MX Bible companion CD-ROM contains a host of programs and auxiliary files to assist you in your exploration of Fireworks, as well as in your Web-page design work in... Registration n/a n/a About Fireworks (Windows only) Tip Windows n/a — Mac OS 9 users can display the About Fireworks dialog box by choosing Apple Menu ➪ About Fireworks The Tools Panel As well as providing keyboard shortcuts for menu commands, Fireworks also enables you to use the keyboard to change the active tool quickly and easily Hover your cursor over a particular tool and Fireworks displays the name . Primer Figure A -10 shows a Web page displayed on a Macintosh, where the specified 10pt font is displayed as a 10px font because the Mac assumes the standard 72 dpi. Figure A -10: Mac OS uses a. commands. The default keyboard shortcuts in Fireworks MX are part of the Macromedia Common UI and are similar to the defaults found in many other Macromedia applications. We’ll go menu by menu. locations in Fireworks MX. The Application Menu You can find application-specific commands such as Preferences and Quit in the Application menu on Mac OS X, also known as the Fireworks menu. Fireworks