[SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] ! (logical negation) operator 2nd != operator # (pound sign) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th # command (vi) #! construct $ (dollar sign) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th $ command (vi) 2nd 3rd $! variable 2nd 3rd $# variable 2nd 3rd 4th $$ variable 2nd $( ) construct 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th $* variable 2nd 3rd 4th $- variable $? variable 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th $@ variable 2nd 3rd 4th ${#array[i]} construct ${#parameter} construct ${#variable} construct 2nd ${array[*]} construct ${array[i]} construct 2nd ${n} variable ${parameter##pattern} construct ${parameter#pattern} construct ${parameter%pattern} construct ${parameter+value} construct ${parameter-value} construct ${parameter=value} construct ${parameter?value} construct ${parameter[colon]+value} construct 2nd 3rd ${parameter[colon]-value} construct 2nd 3rd ${parameter[colon]=value} construct 2nd 3rd ${parameter[colon]?value} construct 2nd 3rd ${parameter} construct 2nd 3rd ${variable} construct (***italicize variable) 2nd $0 variable 2nd 3rd $array construct % (percent sign) 2nd & (ampersand) && construct 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th < redirection operator <& redirection operator <&- characters <&- redirection operator << redirection characters 2nd 3rd 4th << redirection operator <[left angle bracket] redirection operator ' (single quote) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th (( )) construct () (parentheses) 2nd ( ) construct 2nd 3rd 4th 5th (backslash) 2nd 3rd backslash inside double quotes 2nd 3rd 4th line continuation character 2nd (double quotes) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th (semicolon) (semicolon) command (vi) * (asterisk) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th filename substitution 2nd 3rd 4th 5th * command (vi) + (plus sign) , command (vi) - (hyphen) - option (cd command) 2nd option set command 2nd 3rd 4th option (set command) -a (logical AND) operator 2nd -o (logical OR) operator 2nd . (period) 2nd 3rd . command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th . command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th . pathname pathname construct 2nd 3rd 4th .precision modifier / (slash) / command (vi) 2nd 3rd = (equal sign) = command (vi) = operator ? (question mark) filename substitution 2nd 3rd @letter command (vi) (italic @letter) [*] construct [ ] construct 2nd 3rd 4th [] (brackets) filename substitution 2nd 3rd [colon] (null command) 2nd [colon] command 2nd [count]+ command (vi) [count]- command (vi) [count]. command (vi) [count]/ command (vi) [count]_ command (vi) [count]b command (vi) [count]B command (vi) [count]d motion command (vi) (italic motion) [count]e command (vi) [count]E command (vi) [count]F command (vi) [count]fc command (vi) (italic c) [count]Fc command (vi) (italic c) [count]h command (vi) [count]j command (vi) [count]k command (vi) [count]l command (vi) [count]rc command (vi) (italic c) [count]tc command (vi) (italic c) [count]Tc command (vi) (italic c) [count]v command (vi) [count]w command (vi) [count]W command (vi) [count]x command (vi) [double left angle bracket] redirection operator [left angle bracket] redirection operator [left angle bracket]& notation [left angle bracket]& redirection operator [left angle bracket]&- characters [left angle bracket]&- redirection operator [left angle bracket]| redirection operator \\escape character \\escape characters ^ (caret) 2nd 3rd ^ command (vi) _ (underscore) 2nd ` (backquote) 2nd 3rd 4th { [semicolon] } construct 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th { } construct 2nd 3rd 4th {} (braces) | (pipe symbol) 2nd 3rd || construct 2nd 3rd 4th pattern matching | (pipe) || construct 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th ~ (tilde) tilde substitution 2nd 3rd 4th 5th ~ command (vi) 0 command (vi) 2nd 3rd 0 exit status 0 signal 0 signal number 1 signal 1 signal number 14 signal 15 signal 15 signal number 2 signal 2 signal number 3 signal 6 signal 9 signal [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] a () escape character a command (vi) 2nd 3rd A command (vi) a option (set command) ABRT signal access modes accessing command history 2nd fc command 2nd history command 2nd r command 2nd 3rd active jobs printing list of 2nd add program 2nd 3rd 4th 5th addi program 2nd Advanced Linux Programming Advanced Perl Programming alias command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th aliases defining 2nd 3rd 4th 5th removing allexport shell mode ALRM signal ampersand && construct 2nd 3rd 4th ampersand (&) AND operators logical AND operator (-a) 2nd apostrophe (') 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th archive files creating 2nd 3rd 4th 5th args program 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th arguments functions passing 2nd 3rd 4th $# variable 2nd $* variable 2nd ${n} variable 2nd phonebook file example 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th shift command 2nd 3rd positional parameters 2nd defined 2nd left shifting 2nd 3rd reassigning values to 2nd 3rd arithemetic operators 2nd arithmetic integer arithmetic arithmetic bases 2nd 3rd arithmetic expressions 2nd integer types 2nd arithmetic expansion 2nd 3rd arithmetic expressions 2nd arithmetically sorting files 2nd array[i]=val construct arrays 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th assigning elements to retrieving elements from subscripts assigning values to keyword parameters 2nd variable values 2nd 3rd to other variables asterisk (*) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th filename substitution 2nd 3rd 4th 5th asynchronous execution automatically loaded functions 2nd awk command AWK Programming Language, The [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] b (" " \b)escape character b (" " \b)escapecharacte b command (vi) 2nd b conversion specification character b option (set command) background executing loops in 2nd sending commands to 2nd 3rd background processes waiting for 2nd 3rd 4th 5th background, executing jobs in background, running jobs in backquote (`) 2nd 3rd 4th backslash ( 2nd 3rd 4th 5th backslash inside double quotes 2nd 3rd 4th line continuation character 2nd bases (arithmetic) 2nd 3rd Bash shell beginning of line, matching 2nd bg command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th books AWK Programming Language, The Learning Pearl Programming Pearl Unix C Shell Field Guide, The Unix in a Nutshell[colon] System V Edition Unix Programmer's Manual, Volume II Unix Programming Environment, The Bourne shell Bourne, Stephen 2nd braces ({}) brackets ([]) filename substitution 2nd 3rd break command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Break key breaking loops 2nd breaking loops 2nd 3rd [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] c () escape character c () escape characters C command (vi) c conversion specification character c option sh command uniq command wc command C option (set command) caret (^) 2nd 3rd case command 2nd 3rd pattern matching characters 2nd 3rd 4th && construct 2nd 3rd 4th * (asterisk) 2nd ? (question mark) [ ] construct || construct 2nd 3rd 4th pipe symbol (|) 2nd 3rd syntax 2nd 3rd case statement cat command 2nd 3rd cd command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th - option 2nd cdh function 2nd 3rd 4th CDPATH variable 2nd 3rd 4th cdtest program change program 2nd 3rd changing command prompt 2nd directories cd command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th groups 2nd characters # (pound sign) = (equal sign) _ (underscore) extracting from files cut command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th matching multiple characters 2nd 3rd 4th single characters 2nd 3rd newline characters pattern matching any character 2nd 3rd beginning of line 2nd end of line 2nd 3rd grep command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th parameter substitution constructs 2nd 3rd 4th precise number of characters 2nd 3rd 4th saving matched characters 2nd 3rd 4th specific characters 2nd 3rd summary of regular expressions 2nd zero or more characters 2nd 3rd 4th repeating echo command 2nd translating from standard input 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th whitespace characters child processes closing standard input standard output comamnds bg 2nd 3rd 4th comma (,) command (vi) command files 2nd comments 2nd 3rd 4th # (pound sign) creating 2nd examples 2nd 3rd 4th execute permissions 2nd passing arguments to 2nd 3rd 4th $# variable 2nd $* variable 2nd ${n} variable 2nd phonebook file example 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th shift command 2nd 3rd command history 2nd . [See also edit modes] accessing 2nd accessing with fc command 2nd accessing with history command 2nd accessing with r command 2nd 3rd editing 2nd file location size of sizing 2nd command line command prompt changing 2nd command substitution $( ) construct 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th ` (backquote) 2nd 3rd 4th expr command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th command-line editing 2nd command-line tools. [See commands] commands 2nd . [See also command files, programs] . (period) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th [colon] 2nd alias 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th aliases defining 2nd 3rd 4th 5th removing awk bg 2nd break 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th case 2nd 3rd pattern matching characters 2nd 3rd 4th pipe symbol (|) 2nd 3rd syntax 2nd 3rd cat 2nd 3rd cd 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th - option 2nd command cycle 2nd command files 2nd comments 2nd 3rd 4th creating 2nd examples 2nd 3rd 4th execute permissions 2nd command history 2nd . [See also edit modes] accessing 2nd accessing with fc command 2nd accessing with history command 2nd accessing with r command 2nd 3rd editing 2nd file location size of sizing 2nd command options 2nd 3rd command substitution $( ) construct 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th ` (backquote) 2nd 3rd 4th expr command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th command-line editing 2nd continue 2nd 3rd 4th continuing to next line cp 2nd 3rd 4th cut -d option 2nd 3rd 4th 5th -f option 2nd 3rd 4th 5th examples 2nd 3rd 4th syntax date 2nd 3rd echo 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th escape characters 2nd emacs line edit mode 2nd entering 2nd 3rd entering multiple 2nd eval 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th exec 2nd 3rd 4th 5th [...]... 3rd 4th Korn shell Korn shell Web site 2nd Korn, David 2nd [ SYMBOL] [ A ] [ B ] [ C ] [ D] [ E] [ F] [ G ] [ H] [ I ] [ J] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P ] [ Q ] [ R ] [ S ] [ T] [ U] [ V ] [ W] [ X ] [ Y] [ Z ] L (-L) operator l command (vi) 2nd 3rd L command (vi) l option grep command 2nd wc command languages [See shell programming language] shell programming language comments shell programming. .. operators logical AND operator (-a) 2nd logical negation operator (!) 2nd logical OR operator (-o) 2nd New KornShell Command and Programming Language, The newgrp command 2nd newline characters nnn escape characters (italic n's) noclobber shell mode noexec shell mode noglob shell mode nolog shell mode nonzero exit status null command ([colon]) 2nd null values 2nd 3rd number program 2nd number2 program... vi line edit mode 2nd 3rd 4th 5th commands 2nd 3rd 4th modes (shell) 2nd emacs 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th commands 2nd cursor 2nd vi 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th command mode commands 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th input mode mon program 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th monitor shell mode mounset shell mode moving files mv command 2nd multiple characters matching... contents of cat command 2nd duplicating lines in 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th editing sed command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th ENV files 2nd executing contents in current shell 2nd 3rd 4th 5th extracting characters from cut command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th file descriptors file operators 2nd 3rd filename substitution 2nd 3rd 4th * (asterisk) 2nd 3rd 4th ? (question mark) 2nd []... command 2nd phone book entries 2nd 3rd 4th traps 2nd variable values documentation man pages tutorials Web sites 2nd Cygwin Free Software Foundation Korn shell 2nd POSIX standard dollar sign ($) 2nd 3rd 4th 5th double quotes () 2nd 3rd 4th 5th downloading Korn shell duplicate lines deleting 2nd duplicating lines 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th dw command (vi) [ SYMBOL] [ A ] [ B ] [ C ] [ D] [ E ] [ F] [ G ]... files paths CDPATH variable 2nd 3rd 4th PATH variable 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th phonebook file adding entries to 2nd 3rd deleting entries from 2nd 3rd 4th looking up entries 2nd 3rd reading data from 2nd renaming mv command 2nd 3rd searching grep command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th sorting 2nd arithmetic sorts 2nd delimiter characters 2nd 3rd duplicate lines 2nd... 5th 6th 7th 8th commands 2nd cursor 2nd vi 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th command mode commands 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th input mode editing command history 2nd command-line editing 2nd files sed command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th phone book entries 2nd 3rd editors stream editor (sed) -d option 2nd -n option 2nd examples 2nd 3rd 4th 5th... 2nd Linux in a Nutshell listall program 2nd 3rd listing files ls command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th phone book entries 2nd 3rd variables 2nd ln (+ln) option sort command 2nd ln command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th local variables 2nd logged-in users displaying who command 2nd logical AND operator (-a) 2nd logical negation operator (!) 2nd logical OR operator (-o) 2nd login program 2nd 3rd login shell 2nd 3rd 4th getty... looking up 2nd rolo program listing 2nd 3rd 4th 5th ENV files 2nd ENV variable 2nd environment [See also variables] defined ENV file 2nd subshells 2nd environmental control eof command (vi) eq (-eq) operator equal sign (=) 2nd 3rd erase command (vi) errexit shell mode errors standard error 2nd 3rd ESC command (vi) escape character escape characters echo command 2nd eval command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th... asynchronous execution background execution scanning twice before execution 2nd 3rd 4th file contents in current shell 2nd 3rd 4th 5th functions 2nd terminating execution 2nd jobs background execution 2nd foreground execution 2nd loops background execution 2nd exercises chapter 1 2nd 3rd chapter 10 chapter 11 2nd 3rd chapter 12 2nd 3rd chapter 13 2nd chapter 14 2nd 3rd chapter 15 2nd 3rd chapter 4 chapter . Bash shell beginning of line, matching 2nd bg command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th books AWK Programming Language, The Learning Pearl Programming Pearl Unix C Shell Field Guide, The Unix in. Shell Field Guide, The Unix in a Nutshell[colon] System V Edition Unix Programmer's Manual, Volume II Unix Programming Environment, The Bourne shell Bourne, Stephen 2nd braces ({}). program 2nd Advanced Linux Programming Advanced Perl Programming alias command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th aliases defining 2nd 3rd 4th 5th removing allexport shell mode ALRM signal ampersand