Hazardous Chemicals Handbook 2 Episode 13 ppt

Table 15.6 Prohibition on mixed loads of dangerous goods (see Footnote and Table 14.8) Column 1 Column 2 Classification code Classification code 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 2, 3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7, 8 or 9 2 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 3 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 4.1 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 4.2 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 4.3 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 5.1 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 5.2 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 6.1 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 6.2 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 8 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 9 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 2. The carriage of temperature-controlled substances by rail is prohibited and special requirements are included for the carriage of explosives including: • Prohibition of carriage in open containers. • Restriction on the classification of explosive that can be transported and how, including the need for sheet steel spark-guards for carriage of certain explosives. • Limitation on the quantity of material transported. Thus, Compatibility Group A materials are not permitted. Other than explosives in Division 1.4, the maximum quantity of explosive permitted in any container or wagon is 20 tonnes net explosive content. Materials in column 1 of Table 15.7 must not be transported in adjacent containers of wagons with materials in column 2 in amounts exceeding those quoted. (Where a train comprises more than one such group of adjacent containers or wagons the minimum separation distance between the nearest parts of each group is shown in column 3.) The regulations must be consulted for full details. • Loading and stowage requirements, including the sealing of closed containers to prevent unauthorized access, and the need to complete journeys and unloading as quickly as practicable. • Carriage on passenger trains is restricted. • Security measures. Classification code Type 1 Explosive substances and articles 2 Gases: compressed liquefied or dissolved under pressure 3 Flammable liquids 4.1 Flammable solids 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion 4.3 Substances when in contact with water emit flammable gases 5.1 Oxidizing substances 5.2 Organic peroxides 6.1 Toxic substances 6.2 Infectious substances 7 Radioactive materials 8 Corrosive substances 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances RAIL TRANSPORT 469 *Consult the original regulations, regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail 1997, UN recommendations on transportation of dangerous goods, and IARTA Regulations (page 460). 470 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS Radioactive substances UK regulations for the transport of radioactive materials set out the requirements for packaging, labelling and carriage of radioactive material including special forms of radioactive substances, and different types of package and their testing. Documentation requirements are set out together with advice on calculating maximum permissible radiation levels for packages of individual radionuclides and mixtures thereof. For excepted packages of limited activity the radiation level at any point on the external surface of the package must not exceed 5 µSv/h. Material which is not enclosed in, or forming a component part of, an instrument or manufactured article, may be transported in an excepted package if the activity of the material does not exceed the limit given in column 4 of Table 15.8. Table 15.7 Limits on quantities of explosives permitted for carriage by rail in containers and wagons, and separation distances Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Type of explosive Maximum net explosive content in Minimum separation distance tonnes in any group of adjacent in metres between groups of containers containers or wagons or wagons 1.1 40 80 Any combination of 40 (Aggregate) 80 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 1.3 and 1.5 alone or 120 40 mixed Table 15.8 Activity limits for excepted packages (except mixtures of radionuclides)* Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Physical state of contents Instruments and articles Instruments and articles Materials Item limits Package limits Package Solids • Special form 10 –2 A 1 A 1 10 –3 A 1 • Other forms 10 –2 A 2 A 2 10 –3 A 2 Liquids 10 –3 A 2 10 –1 A 2 10 –4 A 2 Gases • Tritium 2 × 10 –2 A 2 2 × 10 –1 A 2 2 × 10 –2 A 2 • Special form 10 –3 A 1 10 –2 A 1 10 –3 A 1 • Other forms 10 –3 A 2 10 –2 A 2 10 –3 A 2 * Values of A 1 and A 2 are given in the regulations for individual radionuclides (SI 1996 No. 1350). Air transport Dangerous substances Air freighting of hazardous chemicals must comply with the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, based on the International Civil Aviation Organization. The regulations address packaging, marking and labelling, documentation, and handling arrangements. A section is devoted to radioactive materials. Detailed lists of individual articles and substances are included with their UN Classification, viz. explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizing substances and organic peroxides, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive material, corrosives, and miscellaneous dangerous goods. Dangerous goods are assigned to the relevant packing group to reflect the degree of hazard they pose, viz.: Packing Group I Great danger Packing Group II Medium danger Packing Group III Minor danger Explosive substances Some classes of chemicals have been identified as too hazardous to be carried on aircraft under any conditions (Table 15.12). This includes the individual substances listed in Table 15.9. Other explosive materials have been forbidden under normal circumstances but may be carried with specific approval. Some are restricted to transport on cargo aircraft only but most can be transported on passenger aircraft provided certain requirements are met and the quantity is limited, e.g. the maximum net quantity of dangerous goods in inner packaging must be limited to that in Table 15.10. The regulations should be consulted for detailed advice. Both shippers and operators have responsibility to ensure the cargo is safe. Training is crucial in maintaining a safe regime; the minimum training requirements are summarized in Table 15.11. Sea transport Dangerous substances In addition to a myriad of general safety maritime legislation (e.g. in the UK the Merchant Shipping (International Safety Management (ISM) Code) Regulations 1998; the Docks Regulations 1988; the Freight Containers (Safety Convention) Regulations 1984; the Merchant Shipping (Carriage of Cargoes) Regulations 1999) there is a raft of more specific regulations governing the carriage of hazardous chemicals at sea. Examples include the Merchant Shipping (Dangerous Goods and Marine Pollutants) Regulations 1997; the Explosives in Harbour Areas Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1995; and the Dangerous Substances in Harbour Areas Regulations 1987, plus international requirements and codes. Those at risk from packaged hazardous goods inside a transport unit include packers/unpackers, land users, stevedores, customs officials, ships’ crews, and passengers. Simple guidance for packers and drivers of transport units containing dangerous goods is given in Table 15.13. Ships and their cargoes are subjected to stresses in all directions during handling, transfer, and the journey. Adequate stowage is crucial. In line with the transportation of chemicals on land systems to address include: • Strength, integrity, labelling and marking of individual packages. • Selection of appropriate container. • Safe loading packages into the containing unit. • Adequate securing of packages within the unit. SEA TRANSPORT 471 472 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS Table 15.9 Dangerous goods forbidden in aircraft under any circumstances (IATA) Acetyl cyclohexanesulfonyl peroxide, more than 82%, wetted with less than 12% water Acetylene (liquefied) Acetylene silver nitrate Acetone cyanohydrin, stabilized Allyl chloroformate Allyl isothiocyanate, inhibited Aluminium dross, wet or hot Ammonium azide Ammonium bromate Ammonium chlorate Ammonium fulminate Ammonium nitrite Ammonium permanganate Antimony sulphide and a chlorate, mixtures of Arsenic sulphide and a chlorate, mixtures of Arsenic trichloride Ascaridole Azaurolic acid (salt of), (dry) Azidodithiocarbonic acid Azidoethyl nitrate Azido guanidine picrate (dry) 5-Azido-1-hydroxy tetrazole Azido hydroxy tetrazole (mercury and silver salts) 3-Azido-1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate Azotetrazole (dry) Benzene diazonium chloride (dry) Benzene diazonium nitrate (dry) Benzene triozonide Benzoxidiazoles (dry) Benzoyl azide Biphenyl triozonide Boron tribromide Bromine azide Bromine solutions 4-Bromo-1,2-dinitrobenzene Bromosilane 1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate tert-Butoxycarbonyl azide n -Butyl chloroformate tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, >90% with water n -Butyl isocyanate terty-Butyl isocyanate tert-Butyl peroxyacetate, >76% in solution tert-Butyl peroxyisobutyrate, >77% in solution Charcoal screenings, wet Charcoal, wet Chlorine azide Chlorine dioxide Chloroacetaldehyde Chloroacetone (unstabilized) Chloroacetonitrile Chloroformates, n.o.s. Chloroprene, uninhibited Chlorosulphonic acid Coal briquettes, hot Coke, hot Copper acetylide Copper amine azide Copper tetramine nitrate Crotonaldehyde, stabilized Cyanogen bromide Cyanuric triazide Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (dry or unphlegmatized) (HMX) Diacetone alcohol peroxides, >57% in solution with >9% hydrogen peroxide, <26% diacetone alcohol and <9% water; total active oxygen content >10% by weight p -Diazidobenzene 1,2-Diazidoethane 1,1′-Diazoaminonaphthalene Diazoaminotetrazole (dry) Diazodinitrophenol (dry) Diazodiphenylmethane 2-Diazo-1-naphthol-4-sulphochloride 2-Diazo-1-naphthol-5-sulphochloride Diazonium nitrates (dry) Diazonium perchlorates (dry) 1,3-Diazopropane Dibenzyl peroxydicarbonate, >87% with water Dibromoacetylene 2,2-Di-(tert-butylperoxy) butane, >55% in solution Di-n-butyl peroxydicarbonate, >52% in solution Di-(tert-butylperoxy) phthalate, >55% in solution Dichloroacetylene N,N′-Dichlorazodicarbonamidine (salts of), (dry) Dichloroethyl sulphide Dichlorovinylchloroarsine 2,2-Di-(4,4-di-tert-butylperoxycyclohexyl) propane, >42% with inert solid Di-2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, >75% with water Diethanol nitrosamine dinitrate (dry) Diethyleneglycol dinitrate (dry) Diethylgold bromide Diethyl peroxydicarbonate, >27% in solution 1,8-Dihydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetranitroanthraquinone (chrysamminic acid) Di-(1-hydroxytetrazole) (dry) Diiodoacetylene 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-dihydroperoxy hexane, >82% with water Dimethylhexane dihydroperoxide, >82% with water Di-(1-naphthoyl) peroxide Dinitro-7,8-dimethylglycoluril (dry) 1,3-Dinitro-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin 1,3-Dinitro-4,5-dinitrosobenzene 1,1-Dinitroethane (dry) 1,2-Dinitroethane Dinitroglycoluril Dinitromethane Dinitropropylene glycol 2,4-Dinitroresorcinol (heavy metal salts of) (dry) 4,6-Dinitroresorcinol (heavy metal salts of), (dry) 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (lead salt), (dry) Dinitrosobenzylamidine and salts of (dry) 2,2-Dinitrostilbene 1,4-Dinitro-1,1,4,4-tetramethylolbutanetetranitrate (dry) 2,4-Dinitro-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene Di-(β-nitroxyethyl) ammonium nitrate α, α’-Di-(nitroxyl) methylether 1,9-Dinitroxyl pentamethylene-2,4,6,8-tetramine (dry) Dipropionyl peroxide, >28% in solution Table 15.9 Cont’d SEA TRANSPORT 473 474 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS Ethanol amine dinitrate Ethylene diamine diperchlorate Ethylene glycol dinitrate Ethyl hydroperoxide Ethyl nitrate Ethyl nitrite Ethyl perchlorate Fulminate of mercury (dry) Fulminating gold Fulminating mercury Fulminating platinum Fulminating silver Fulminic acid Galactsan trinitrate Glycerol-1,3-dinitrate Glycerol gluconate trinitrate Glycerol lactate trinitrate Guanyl nitrosaminoguanylidene hydrazine (dry) Guanyl nitrosaminoguanyltetrazene Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (dry) Hexamethylol benzene hexanitrate Hexanitroazoxy benzene 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitro-3,3′-dihydroxyazobenzene (dry) N,N′-(hexanitrodiphenyl) ethylene dinitramine (dry) 2,3′, 4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrodiphenylether Hexanitrodiphenyl urea Hexanitroethane Hexanitrooxanilide HMX (dry or unphlegmatized) Hydrazine azide Hydrazine chlorate Hydrazine dicarbonic acid diazide Hydrazine perchlorate Hydrazine selenate Hydrogen cyanide, unstabilized Hydroxyl amine iodide Hyponitrous acid Ignition element for lighter, containing pyrophoric liquid Inositol hexanitrate (dry) Inulin trinitrate (dry) Iodine azide (dry) Iodoxy compounds (dry) Iridium nitratopentamine iridium nitrate Isopropylcumyl hydroperoxide, >72% in solution Isothiocyanic acid Lead azide (dry) Lead nitroresorcinate (dry) Lead picrate (dry) Lead styphnate (dry) Lead trinitroresorcinate (dry) Lighters (cigarettes) containing pyrophoric liquid Lighters (cigarettes) with lighter fluids Table 15.9 Cont’d Magnesium dross, wet or hot Mannitan tetranitrate Mannitol hexanitrate (dry) Mercurous azide Mercury acetylide Mercury iodide aquabasic ammonobasic (lodide of Millon’s base) Mercury nitride Methazoic acid Methylamine dinitramine and dry salts thereof Methylamine nitroform Methylamine perchlorate (dry) Methyldichloroarsine Methylene glycol dinitrate Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, >50% alpha-Methylglucoside tetranitrate alpha-Methylglycerol trinitrate Methyl nitramine (dry) metal salts of Methyl nitrate Methyl nitrite Methyl picric acid (heavy metal salts of) Methyl trimethylol methane trinitrate Naphthalene diozonide Naphthyl amineperchlorate Nickel picrate Nitrates of diazonium compounds N -Nitroaniline m -Nitrobenzene diazonium perchlorate 6-Nitro-4-diazotoluene-3-sulphonic acid (dry) Nitroethyl nitrate Nitroethylene polymer Nitrogen trichloride Nitrogen triiodide Nitrogen triiodide monoamine Nitroglycerin, liquid, not desensitized Nitroguanidine nitrate 1-Nitro hydantoin Nitro isobutane triol trinitrate Nitromannite (dry) Nitromethane N -Nitro- N -methylglycolamide nitrate 2-Nitro-2-methylpropanol nitrate m -Nitrophenyldinitro methane Nitrosugars (dry) 1,7-Octadiene-3,5-diyne-1,8-dimethoxy-9-octadecynoic acid Octogen (dry) Pentaerythrite tetranitrate (dry) Pentaerythritol tetratnitrate (dry) Pentanitroaniline (dry) Perchloric acid >72% strength Peroxyacetic acid, >43% and with >6% hydrogen peroxide PETN (dry) m -Phenylene diaminediperchlorate (dry) Phosphorus (white or red) and a chlorate, mixtures of Potassium carbonyl Pyridine perchlorate Table 15.9 Cont’d SEA TRANSPORT 475 476 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS Quebrachitol pentanitrite Security type attaché cases incorporating lithium batteries and/or pyrotechnic material Selenium nitride Silver acetylide (dry) Silver azide (dry) Silver chlorite (dry) Silver fulminate (dry) Silver oxalate (dry) Silver picrate (dry) Sodium picryl peroxide Sodium tetranitride Sucrose octanitrate (dry) Tetraazido benzene quinone Tetraethylammonium perchlorate (dry) Tetramethylene diperoxide dicarbamide Tetranitro diglycerin 2,3,4,6-Tetranitrophenol 2,3,4,6-Tetranitrophenyl methyl nitramine 2,3,4,6-Tetranitrophenylnitramine Tetranitroresorcinol (dry) 2,3,5,6-Tetranitroso-1,4-dinitrobenzene 2,3,5,6-Tetranitroso nitrobenzene (dry) Tetrazene (dry) Tetrazine Tetrazolyl azide (dry) Thionyl chloride Thiophosgene Titanium tetrachloride Trichloromethyl perchlorate Triformoxime trinitrate Trimethylacetyl chloride Trimethylene glycol diperchlorate Trimethylol nitromethane trinitrate 1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Trinitroacetic acid Trinitroacetonitrile Trinitroamine cobalt 2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3-diazobenzene Trinitroethanol Trinitroethylnitrate Trinitromethane 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl guanidine (dry) 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl nitramine 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl trimethylol methyl nitramine trinitrate (dry) 2,4,6-Trinitroso-3-methyl nitraminoanisole Trinitrotetramine cobalt nitrate 2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazido benzene (dry) Tri-(β-nitroxyethyl) ammonium nitrate Tris, bis-bifluoroamino diethoxy propane (TVOPA) Vinyl nitrate polymer p-Xylyl diazide Table 15.9 Cont’d Table 15.10 Quantity limits of dangerous goods accepted in small amounts for transport by air Packing group of Packing group I Packing group II Packing group III the substance Class or division or Packagings Packagings Packagings primary or Inner Outer Inner Outer Inner Outer subsidiary risk a 1: Explosives Forbidden 2.1: Flammable gas Forbidden 2.2: Non-Flammable, non- See Note b toxic gas 2.3: Toxic gas Forbidden 3: Flammable liquid 30 ml 300 ml 30 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1l 4.1: Self reactive substances Forbidden 4.1: Other flammable Forbidden 30 g 500 g 30 g 1 kg solids 4.2: Pyrophoric substances Forbidden Not Applicable Not Applicable 4.2: Spontaneously Not Applicable 30 g 500 g 30 g 1 kg combustible substances 4.3: Water reactive Forbidden 30 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or substances 30 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l 5.1: Oxidizers Forbidden 30 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or 30 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l 5.2: Organic peroxides c Not applicable 30 g or 500 g or Not Applicable 30 ml 500 ml 6.1: Toxic substances – Forbidden 1 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or inhalation 1 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l 6.1: Toxic substances – oral 1 g or 300 g or 1 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or 1 ml 300 ml 1 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l 6.1: Toxic substances – 1 g or 300 g or 1 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or dermal 1 ml 300 ml 1 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l 6.2: Infectious substances Forbidden 7: Radioactive material d Forbidden 8: Corrosive materials e Forbidden 30 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or 30 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l 9: Magnetized materials Forbidden 9: Other miscellaneous Not Applicable 30 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or materials f 30 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l a The more restrictive quantity required by either the Primary or Subsidiary Risk must be used. b For inner packagings, the quantity contained in receptacle with a water capacity of 30 ml. For outer packagings, the sum of the water capacities of all the inner packagings contained must not exceed 1 litre. c Applies only to Organic Peroxides when contained in a chemical kit or a first-aid kit. d See 10.5.9.8.1, 10.5.9.8.2 and 10.5.9.7, radioactive material in excepted packages. e UN 2803 and UN 2809 are not permitted in Excepted Quantities. f For substances in Class 9 for which no packing group is indicated in the List of Dangerous Goods, Packing Group II quantities must be used. SEA TRANSPORT 477 478 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS Table 15.11 Minimum training requirements for staff engaged in the transport of hazardous chemicals by air Relevant aspect with which staff should be familiar, Type of staff as a minimum A B C D E F G H General philosophy xxxxxxxx Limitations x x xxxx General requirements x x x Classification x x x x List of dangerous goods x x x x x General packing requirements x x x x Packing instructions x x x x Labelling and marking xxxxxxxx Shipper’s declaration and other documentation x x x Acceptance procedures x Storage and loading procedures x x x Pilot’s notification x x x Provisions for passengers and crew x x x x Emergency procedures x x x x Staff category A Shippers, shipper’s agents including operator’s staff acting as shippers, operator’s staff preparing dangerous goods B Packers C Cargo acceptance staff of operators and agencies acting on behalf of operators D Staff of operators and agencies acting on behalf of operators engaged in the ground handling, storage and loading of cargo and baggage E Passenger handling staff and security staff who deal with the screening of passengers and their baggage F Staff of agencies other than operators involved in processing cargo G Flight crew members H Crew members (other than flight crew) Depending upon responsibilities the training requirements will alter, e.g. if an operator carries only cargo those aspects pertaining to passengers may be omitted for his staff and flight crew. Table 15.12 Classes of dangerous goods forbidden for transport by air Explosives which ignite or decompose when subjected to a temperature of 75°C for 48 hours. Explosives containing both chlorates and ammonium salts. Explosives containing mixtures of chlorates with phosphorus. Solid explosives which are classified as extremely sensitive to mechanical shock. Liquid explosives which are classified as moderately sensitive to mechanical shock. Any substance, as presented for transport, which is liable to produce a dangerous evolution of heat or gas under the conditions normally encountered in air transport. Flammable solids and organic peroxides having, as tested, explosive properties and which are packed in such a way that the classification procedure would require the use of an explosives label as a subsidiary risk label. Dangerous goods listed in Table 15.9 • Provision of relevant documentation/information, e.g. for packers, haulier, shipper, etc. For example, the ship’s owner must be provided with: – the container packing certificate/vehicle declaration; – a signed dangerous goods declaration; and/or – a marine pollution declaration. A checklist summarizing the range of responsibilities is given in Table 15.14. Hazardous substances in ports are governed by the Dangerous Substances in Harbour Areas Regulations 1987. These provide for: [...]... • unstable chemicals (p 23 5) • chemicals prone to self-heating (p 21 4) These may involve: – breakdown of stock into numerous smaller units; – blanketing of the material (e.g to prevent ingress of air to oxidizable material or complete quenching, e.g with water); – regular temperature measurements; • reactive chemicals (p 22 8) Segregation from incompatible chemicals is essential (p 23 3) • chemicals prone... transport) Flammable liquid which spreads can result, on ignition, in a running liquid fire If spilled onto 4 82 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS water spreading will be more extensive, and vaporization will be more rapid, because of the increased rate of heat transfer Unstable chemicals may pose an explosion risk Toxic chemicals may be released as a liquid which spreads or as a vapour cloud The risk of environmental damage... Aluminium Coal distillation Petrochemicals Petroleum refineries Aluminium refining Steelworks Electronics Electroplating Pickling Pigments 496 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: SOURCES AND IMPACT Table 16 .2 Cont’d Chemical Form of pollutant(1) Examples Industrial source Lead and compounds SPA Lead oxide Tetraethyl lead (TEL) Batteries Explosives and pyrotechnics Paint Pesticides Petrochemicals Printing Refineries... near to the harbour Controls for the safe transfer of chemicals between ship and shore will vary in detail The escape of dust and vapour should be minimized when loading and unloading of bulk liquids or solids and persons should not be at risk Precautions to avoid contact with water are needed when transferring water-incompatible materials (page 22 9) Precautions for handling explosives include: • •... temperature measurements; • reactive chemicals (p 22 8) Segregation from incompatible chemicals is essential (p 23 3) • chemicals prone to generate combustible dust clouds (p 22 0) Loading and unloading Tankers Accidents during the loading/unloading of chemicals into/from road tankers, railway tankers, ships and barges may involve discharge of the wrong chemical, vehicle movement during transfer, failure of, or... Pigments, see Inorganic chemicals Processing/engineering Solvents Swarf, various metals Synthetic coolants Acids Ferrous chloride Ferrous sulphate Hydrochloric acid Hydrofluoric acid Nitric acid Phosphoric acid Sulphuric acid Spoil Dust Pickling Form of pollutant (1) S S S S S S LS S GL S Bleaches Chlorine Copper Fibres Lignin A GA A SPA A Mining (excluding metals) Paint Paper, pulp 491 4 92 CHEMICALS AND THE... suspension Table 16 .2 Common sources of pollutants Chemical Form of pollutant (1) Examples Industrial source Acid Mineral A Organic Aldehydes A A Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Sulphuric acid Acetic acid Acetaldyhyde Alkali PA Sodium hydroxide Lime Ammonia GA – Aniline and related compounds Aromatic hydrocarbons LA – Pickling of metals Chemical reagent Byproducts, petrochemicals Petrochemicals Photochemical... dangerous substances Explosives Ship/shore checklist Information on dangerous chemicals entering harbour areas from sea should be provided to the harbour master by the ship’s master Notification should also include the ship’s name, call sign, 480 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS Table 15.14 Checklist of responsibilities for sea transportation of chemicals Action Person responsible Dangerous chemical properly packaged... plastics Grit blasting Grit blasting and road building Bulk fill and some in pavement asphalt Roadmaking, brickmaking 500 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: SOURCES AND IMPACT Table 16.5 Examples of hazardous gases generation from waste pretreatment processes Process Associated problems Hazardous airborne contaminants liberated (in addition to the principal reagents) Neutralization of strong mineral acids... Systems Safety Regulations 20 00 including: • A check from marks on the cylinder indicating that it has undergone proper examination at appropriate intervals by a competent person • All appropriate safety checks including the provision of a correct valve, plug and protection cap, if appropriate • A check that it is not overfilled and is within its safe operating limits 16 Chemicals and the environment: . Special form 10 2 A 1 A 1 10 –3 A 1 • Other forms 10 2 A 2 A 2 10 –3 A 2 Liquids 10 –3 A 2 10 –1 A 2 10 –4 A 2 Gases • Tritium 2 × 10 2 A 2 2 × 10 –1 A 2 2 × 10 2 A 2 • Special form. measurements; • reactive chemicals (p. 22 8). Segregation from incompatible chemicals is essential (p. 23 3) • chemicals prone to generate combustible dust clouds (p. 22 0). Loading and unloading Tankers Accidents. 10 –3 A 1 10 2 A 1 10 –3 A 1 • Other forms 10 –3 A 2 10 2 A 2 10 –3 A 2 * Values of A 1 and A 2 are given in the regulations for individual radionuclides (SI 1996 No. 135 0). Air transport Dangerous