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10.1 CHAPTER TEN FIRE- AND NOISE-RATED SYSTEMS John D. Rose Retired Senior Engineer, TSD 10.1 INTRODUCTION TO FIRE-RATED SYSTEMS When designing or building for fire protection, it is important to recognize that fireproof buildings do not exist. Building contents are a critical factor, and almost all contents can burn. Smoke and heat thus generated can cause extensive damage and loss of life long before the building itself begins to burn, regardless of the type of construction. After studying residential fires involving combustible contents, the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) concluded that ‘‘wall and ceiling materials, whether combustible or noncombustible, had little or no effect on the time or temperature of the critical point’’—the point at which human life is untenable. In the FPL studies, the critical point was reached in four to seven minutes. Other tests have shown that untenable conditions can occur in as little as two minutes. So-called fireproof building materials do not guarantee safety for occupants or property. A classic demonstration of this was the 1953 fire in a General Motors manufacturing plant in Livonia, Michigan. The plant was considered completely noncombustible, yet was a complete loss due to the collapse of unprotected metal construction. Another example was the 1967 disaster at McCormick Place, Chicago’s exhi- bition hall. All of its structural members, including interior nonbearing walls, were noncombustible. Yet a fire that began in the contents spread with such heat that the entire ceiling fell as steel beams, girders and trusses buckled and collapsed. The type of construction is, of course, important. To protect the occupants— always the first concern—as well as to safeguard property, a prompt detection and alarm system and the accessibility of numerous exits are vital. Also of importance are the type of contents and furnishings, interior finishes, degree of sprinkler pro- tection, and availability of adequate fire-fighting equipment. With proper construction in conformance with model building code regulations and with recognition of the above factors, fire-safe buildings can be designed with combustible or noncombustible materials. This puts wood framed systems in proper perspective. Fire- and noise-rated wood floor and roof ceiling systems and wall 10.2 CHAPTER TEN systems are being increasingly used for multifamily residential and nonresidential building construction, for low-rise (three stories and less) and medium-rise (four to six stories) buildings. 10.1.1 Basics of Fire Protection In order to evaluate fire safety of a structure, building authorities consider many factors, including flame spread and fire-resistance ratings. Flame Spread and Smoke Indexes. Flame spread relates to potential for spread of fire along the surfaces of the wall and ceiling within a room. It is measured by the flame travel along the surface of materials used for interior finish, such as walls, ceilings, partitions, paint, and wallpaper. Not considered in codes are such nonstruc- tural materials as drapes and furnishings, though these may often be primary fuel sources. Flame spread is a property of the surface material, not the structure, when fire has started. The recognized flame spread test is the tunnel test, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Test Method E84. 1 A test sample of material, 20 in. wide and 25 feet long, is installed as ceiling of a test chamber and exposed to a gas flame at one end. The distance of flame spread along the surface of the test sample is measured during a 10 minute test duration. Flame spread index is calculated as the area under a flame spread distance—time curve, divided by comparable areas for standard materials (inorganic reinforced cement board and red oak), and mul- tiplied by 100. The flame spread index is 0 for inorganic reinforced cement board and 100 for red oak. Another property measured in the ASTM E84 test is the opacity of the smoke generated by the burning material during a 10 minute test exposure. A photelectric cell, installed in the test chamber exhaust vent pipe, measures the light absorption (opacity) due to smoke generated during the test, which is compared to the amount of smoke generated by standard materials (inorganic reinforced cement board and red oak). Smoke developed index is calculated as the area under the light absorp- tion-time curve, divided by the comparable area for standard materials, and multi- plied by 100. The smoke developed index is 0 for inorganic reinforced cement board and 100 for red oak. Materials with the lowest flame spread index (0–25) are classified as Class A (or I). Such materials are permitted for areas where fire hazard is most severe, for example vertical exit ways of unsprinklered buildings for public assembly. Materials with a flame spread index from 26–75 are Class B (or II) are permitted in areas of intermediate severity, such as corridors providing exit way access in business and industrial buildings. For exit ways and for most interiors where Class A or Class B flame spread performance is required, fire-retardant-treated plywood (which falls in Class A) is permitted. Materials with a flame spread index from 76–200 are Class C (or III). Wood structural panels such as plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and composite panels (veneer faces with structural wood core) generally fall in this class and are permitted in rooms of most occupancies. (Exceptions: hospitals, or institutions where occupants are restrained.) Table 10.1 shows flame spread and smoke developed index values of some commonly used construction materials. Table 10.2 shows typical flame spread re- quirements, as specified in the International Building Code (IBC). The Flame spread index for untreated wood structural panels falls within Class C, but ratings vary, FIRE- AND NOISE-RATED SYSTEMS 10.3 TABLE 10.1 Interior Finish Classifications Interior finish or flame spread classification Flame spread index Smoke developed index Class A (or I) 0–25 Class B (or II) 26–75 450 max. Class C (or III) 76–200 Material Flame spread index Smoke developed index Inorganic reinforced cement board 0 0 Fire-retardant-treated construction plywood 0–25 0–80 Fire-retardant-coated construction plywood 0–45 0–200 Fire-retardant-treated lumber 0–25 10–360 Red oak lumber 100 100 Wood structural panels 76–200 25–270 TABLE 10.2 Typical Flame Spread Classification Requirements for Interior Finish Based on the 2000 International Building Code Unsprinklered Group Vertical exits and exit passageways a,b Exit access corridors and other exitways Rooms and enclosed spaces c A-1 & A-2 A A d B e A-3, f A-4, A-5 A A d C B, E, M, R-1, R-4 A B C FBCC HAAB I-1 A B B I-2 A A B I-3 A A B I-4 A A B R-2 B B C R-3 C C C SBBC U No restrictions a Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted for wainscoting or paneling of not more than 1000 ft 2 of applied surface area in the grade lobby where applied directly to a noncombustible base or over furring strips applied to a noncombustible base and fireblocked. b In vertical exits of buildings less than three stories in height of other than Group I-3, Class B interior finish for unsprinklered buildings shall be permitted. c Requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces shall be based upon spaces enclosed by partitions. Where a fire-resistance rating is required for structural elements, the enclosing partitions shall extend from the floor to the ceiling. Partitions that do not comply with this shall be considered enclosing spaces and the rooms or spaces on both sides shall be considered one. In determining the applicable requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces, the specific occupancy thereof shall be the governing factor regardless of the group clas- sification of the building or structure. d Lobby areas in A-1, A-2, and A-3 occupancies shall not be less than Class B materials. e Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted in places of assembly with an occupant load of 300 persons or less. f For churches and places of worship, wood used for ornamental purposes, trusses, paneling, or chancel furnishing shall be permitted. 10.4 CHAPTER TEN depending on species, thickness, and glue type. In general, for plywood, panels with exterior adhesives perform better than those with interior adhesives; thick panels better than thin; and low density species better than heavier species. 2,3 Fire-Resistance Ratings. Though codes are concerned with how fast fire can spread on a room’s surface, they are even more specific about fire resistance: the measure of containment of fire within a room or building. It is defined as protection against fire penetrating a wall, floor, or roof, either directly or through a high rate of heat transfer that might cause combustible materials to be ignited on the side of the wall or floor away from the actual fire. Thus, it is a property of an assembly of several materials, including fastenings, and of the workmanship. Fire-resistive construction provides time to discover a fire, restrict or suppress it before it spreads, and evacuate the building if necessary. The standard test for measuring fire resistance is ASTM E119. 4 Ratings of as- semblies are determined by test procedures somewhat simulating actual fire con- ditions. Floor-ceilings and roof-ceilings are tested flat while loaded to their full allowable stress. Walls are tested vertically, either as bearing walls under full or limited axial load or as nonbearing walls under no load. The resistance rating is expressed in hours or minutes before some limiting condition is reached (flame passage or heat transmission on the unexposed surface, or structural collapse). It approximates the time an assembly would be expected to withstand actual fire conditions. A one-hour rating, for example, is taken to mean that an assembly similar to that tested will not collapse, nor transmit flame or a high temperature, while sup- porting its full load, for at least one hour after the fire commences. Thermal Barrier Index. When foam plastic insulation is used in building con- struction, an approved thermal barrier material is required to serve as a protective membrane to separate the interior of the building from the insulation, which is often highly flammable when exposed to fire conditions. The fire performance of the thermal barrier is evaluated by a special standard fire testing method (ICBO), 5 with fire exposure for 15 minutes on the bottom surface of a 3 ϫ 3 ft horizontal test specimen of the thermal barrier material. The thermal barrier material is backed with noncombustible 1 ⁄ 2 in. thick calcium-silicate board for the test, to standardize testing conditions. Temperature rise on the unexposed surface is limited to an av- erage of 250 ЊF. A product meeting these requirements is defined as a thermal barrier membrane and is classified as having a thermal barrier index of 15, which is the minimum specified in the codes for applications where foam plastic insulation is used. Thermal barrier membranes are not required by codes for certain applications of foam plastic insulation, such as: • When used as roof insulation that is separated from the interior of the building by minimum nominal 7 ⁄ 16 in. wood structural panels • When used as a substrate for fire-classified roofing • For insulation in attics or underfloor crawl spaces with limited access, where insulation is protected against ignition by minimum nominal 1 ⁄ 4 in. wood struc- tural panels or other prescriptive materials specified in the codes • For insulation in cooler and freezer walls when the foam plastic insulation meets specified requirements As for thermal resistance in fires: because of its superior insulating qualities, wood structural panels may be expected to develop a finish resistance (based on FIRE- AND NOISE-RATED SYSTEMS 10.5 time to develop an average temperature rise of 250Њ on the back of the panel) of approximately 20 or more minutes per inch of thickness when subjected to heat and flame based on the ASTM E119 time-temperature curve. Pressure treatment with fire-retardant chemicals does not materially affect the finish resistance, though coating with fire retardant paints may be somewhat more effective. Fire-Retardant Treated Wood and Fire-Retardant Coatings. Fire-retardant- treated (FRT) wood or plywood is pressure-impregnated with fire-retardant chem- icals in water solution in accordance with American Wood-Preservers’ Association Standards AWPA C27 (plywood) or C20 (lumber), to inhibit combustion and retard flame spread under fire exposure conditions. However, no treatment processes or standards have been developed for fire-retardant treatment of other wood structural panels (oriented strand board, or com-ply) or engineered wood composite framing members such as structural glued laminated timber (glulam), I-joists, laminated veneer lumber, parallel strand lumber, or oriented strand lumber. When tested for 30 minutes under ASTM Standard E84, FRT wood and plywood have a flame spread index of 25 or less and show no evidence of significant pro- gressive combustion. Also, there is a maximum limit on the flame travel during the test. FRT wood reduces its fire hazard classification and qualifies it for lower flame spread (at least as low as gypsum wallboard) and smoke index ratings. Fire-retardant (FR) coatings can be used on wood and wood structural panels for nonstructural interior finish applications such as wall and ceiling paneling to reduce flame spread ratings to 25 or less (Class A) or from 26–75 (Class B), depending on the coating selected. FR coatings are tested per ASTME 84 for 10 minutes, as compared to 30 minutes for FRT wood. FR coatings can be factory- or field-applied as interior finish coats over new or existing wood surfaces; some FR coatings are available with proprietary topcoat finishes for exterior use. FR coatings are available as opaque or clear finishes. 10.1.2 Model Building Code Provisions (2000 International Building Code) In the past, four model building codes have been used in the United States. These are the Standard Building Code (primarily used in the South); Uniform Building Code (primarily used in the Midwest and West); National Building Code (widely used in the Northeast); and the One- and Two-Family Dwelling Code. Most of the regional and state codes in the country are similar to or adaptations of these codes. Building code provisions have the authority of law (unlike insurance requirements, which are optional). Beginning in the year 2000, two new national codes were promulgated to replace the model codes. These were the International Building Code (IBC) 6 and the In- ternational Residential Code for One and Two Family Dwellings (IRC). 7 Adoption of these codes by local and state jurisdictions will occur over a period of years with the model codes remaining in effect in the interim. In addition, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) will be publishing an alternative national building code in 2002. Therefore, designers are cautioned to check their local area for the applicable code. Types of Construction. The International Building Code standardized the types of construction prescribed in the previous model building codes, as shown in Table 10.3. Construction-type classifications are based on fire-resistance ratings of struc- tural elements. Of the three types of wood construction, Type IV (Heavy Timber) construction is permitted for multistory buildings (up to four stories, or five stories 10.6 CHAPTER TEN TABLE 10.3 Typical Types of Construction Permitting Wood Systems Based on 2000 International Building Code Non-wood systems Types I and II construction Noncombustible structural building elements. Includes subtypes A and B with specific fire-resistive ratings required for each building element. These construction types permit untreated or fire-retardant-treated wood for certain building elements such as partitions, roof framing, decking, etc. Heavy timber construction permitted for roof framing and decking, where one-hour or less fire-resistance rating is required. See code for specifics. Wood systems Type III construction Noncombustible exterior walls, interior building elements of light framing with protected or unprotected wood members. Includes sub-types A and B with specific fire-resistive ratings required for each building element. Type IV contruction (heavy timber) Noncombustible exterior walls, interior building elements of heavy timber wood members without concealed spaces. Type V Construction Structural elements, exterior and interior walls of light framing with protected or unprotected wood members throughout. Includes subtypes A and B with specific fire-resistive ratings required for each building element. for certain occupancies) such as educational, religious, manufacturing, warehouse, supermarket; and permits the largest areas. The next largest areas are permitted for Type III construction, commonly used for commercial or public buildings up to three or four stories high, or five stories for some occupancies. Finally, Type V construction is used in 80% of all residential and many commercial, institutional, industrial and assembly buildings. If the building requires a larger area than is permitted for the type of construction selected, the designer has several choices, including breaking up the area with fire walls, adding sprinklers, increasing property line setbacks, and specifying a more fire-resistant construction. (See Building Area Increases.) In most cases, conventional wood-frame construction with wood structural panel sheathing and regular gypsum wallboard interior finish provides ample fire safety and is completely acceptable for one- and two-family residential applications. Certain building applications, such as multifamily residential construction, and nonresidential construction, require additional protection. In these cases, the de- signer’s options include protected construction or Heavy Timber construction. For certain applications, fire-retardant-treated wood is permitted for construction. Protected Construction. Protected construction consists of conventional wood- framed assemblies, such as floor-ceiling or wall, with a fire-resistive material added to give primary protection to the wood framing. The material may be fire-resistive FIRE- AND NOISE-RATED SYSTEMS 10.7 TABLE 10.4A Fire-Resistance Rating Requirements for Building Elements (Hours) Based on 2000 International Building Code Building element Type III A c B Type IV HT Type V A c B Structural frame a Including columns, girders, trusses 1 0 HT 1 0 Bearing walls Exterior e Interior 2 1 2 0 2 1/HT 1 1 0 0 Nonbearing walls and partitions Exterior Interior d See Table 602 See Section 602 Floor construction Including supporting beams and joists 10 HT 10 Roof construction Including supporting beams and joists 1 c 0HT1 b 0 a The structural frame shall be considered to be the columns and the girders, beams, trusses, and spandrels having direct connections to the columns and bracing members designed to carry gravity loads. The members of floor or roof panels that have no connection to the columns shall be considered secondary members and not a part of the structural frame. b 1. Except in factory-industrial (F-I), hazardous (H), mercantile (M) and moderate hazard storage (S-1) occupancies, fire protection of structural members is not required, including protection of roof fram- ing and decking where every part of the roof construction is 20 ft or more above any floor imme- diately below. Fire-retardant-treated wood members are allowed to be used for such unprotected members. 2. In all occupancies, heavy timber is allowed where a one-hour or less fire-resistance rating is required. c An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be allowed to be substituted for one-hour fire-resistance- rated construction, provided such system is not otherwise required by other provisions of the code or used for an allowable area increase or an allowable height increase. The one-hour substitution for the fire resis- tance of exterior walls is not permitted. d For interior nonbearing partitions in Type IV construction. e Not less than the fire-resistance rating based on fire separation distance (see Table 10.4B). gypsum wallboard, plaster, or acoustical tile. The fire-resistive material, in con- junction with wood structural panel sheathing, prevents flame passage and temper- ature rise while reinforcing framing against collapse under load. Tables 10.4A and 10.4B are examples of typical fire-resistive requirements in model building codes. Fire-rated floor-ceiling and wall assemblies have been developed for one- and two- hour ratings using wood systems, for building applications in the United States. In Canada, fire-rated assemblies for 45-minute and 1 1 ⁄ 2 -hour ratings are permitted by the National Building Code of Canada. Heavy Timber Construction. Heavy Timber construction provides fire protec- tion through use of noncombustible exterior walls in conjunction with interior struc- tural elements of large, solid wood members, including solid lumber girders, col- umns, and floor and roof decking, glued laminated wood, and engineered wood framing, installed without concealed spaces. See Table 10.5 for code definitions of minimum sizes of members for Heavy Timber construction. The requirements for Heavy Timber construction in model building codes do not constitute one-hour fire resistance. The terminology is descriptive of early east- ern U.S. textile mills, where it was known as mill construction, plank-on-timber, or slow-burning. Although outside surfaces of wood members may char during exposure to fire, the surface char layer acts as insulation. The strength and size of 10.8 CHAPTER TEN TABLE 10.4B Typical Fire-Resistance Rating Requirements for Exterior Walls Based on Fire Separation Distance a Based on 2000 International Building Code Fire separation distance (ft) Type of construction Group H Group F-1, M, S-1 Group A,B,E, F-2, I, R, b S-2, U Ͻ5 c All 3 2 1 Ͻ10 III, IV, V 2 1 1 Ͻ30 II-B, V-B Others 1 1 0 1 0 1 Ն30 All 0 0 0 a Load-bearing exterior walls shall also comply with the fire-resistance rating requirements of Table 10.4A. b Group R-3 and Group U, when used as accessory to Group R-3, shall not be required to have a fire- resistance rating where fire separation distance is 3 ft or more. c See Section 503.2 of 2000 IBC for party walls. TABLE 10.5 Dimensions of Components for Heavy Timber Construction Heavy Timber construction is defined in the 2000 International Building Code by the following minimum sizes for the various members or portions of a building: in., nominal Columns Supporting floor loads 8 ϫ 8 Supporting roof and ceiling loads only 6 ϫ 8 Floor framing Beams and girders 6wide ϫ 10 deep Arches and trusses 8 inanydimension Roof framing—not supporting floor loads Arches springing from grade 6 ϫ 8 lower half 6 ϫ 6 upper half Arches, trusses, other framing springing from top of walls, etc. 4 ϫ 6 Floor (covered with nominal 1 in. flooring, or 1 ⁄ 2 in. wood structural panels, or other approved surfacing) Splined or tongue-and-groove planks 3 Planks set on edge 4 Roof decks Splined or tongue-and-groove planks 2 Planks set on edge 3 Tongue-and-groove wood structural panels 1 1 ⁄ 8 wood members are such that they continue to support its load, so the chance of building collapse is greatly diminished. Based on comparative fire tests, 1 1 ⁄ 8 in. thick wood structural panels with tongue- and-groove edges are accepted as an alternative to nominal 2 in. thick planks (or laminated planks at least 3 in. wide and set on edge) for Heavy Timber roof decks. See Fig. 10.1. Oriented strand board (OSB) wood structural panels, having a min- FIRE- AND NOISE-RATED SYSTEMS 10.9 Built-up roofing Strength axis Structural glued laminated timber (glulam) or solid timber beams (4x6 minimum) 1 1 / 8 " APA T&G wood structural panels with exterior glue (Exposure 1) – APA RATED STURD-I-FLOOR 48 oc typical FIGURE 10.1 Heavy timber roof construction. imum nominal thickness of 1 3 ⁄ 32 in. and tongue-and-groove edges, also are recog- nized as an alternative to 1 1 ⁄ 8 in. wood structural panels for Heavy Timber roof decks in the Uniform Building Code. This code recognition can simplify roof construction practices while providing fire protection. Performance of Heavy Timber construction is superior to most un- protected ‘‘noncombustible’’ (metal) structures, under fire conditions. There are no concealed spaces where fire can spread. Firefighting is simpler and safer. Firefight- ers who have had long experience with wood’s structural integrity under fire con- ditions can more accurately predict how long wood will carry its load than they can with other materials, enabling them to stay on or in the building to combat the fire. Codes also permit 15 ⁄ 32 or 1 ⁄ 2 in. wood structural panels over nominal 3 in. planks for Heavy Timber floors. These provisions allow structural design of the building to resist wind or seismic loading, based on utilizing the wood structural panel diaphragm capacity for floor and roof decks. Guidelines for structural evaluation of the effect of damage to Heavy Timber members and glulam after a fire are available. 8,9 Fire Retardant Treated (FRT) Construction. Fire-retardant-treated (FRT) wood or plywood is permitted for certain applications in the model building codes. FRT wood reduces its fire hazard classification and qualifies it for lower flame spread (at least as low as gypsum wallboard) and smoke index ratings. When FRT wood is identified by a code-recognized testing agency label, it is rated on a parity with noncombustible construction by many fire insurance rating bureaus. Span ratings for wood structural panels, and load capacities for wood framing and plywood wood structural panels are based on untreated materials and may not apply following fire-retardant treatment. Structural performance characteristics and use recommendations for FRT wood and plywood should be obtained from the company providing the treatment and redrying service. For structural applications, use only FRT wood that has recognition through building code evaluation service reports. When considering use of FRT wood, first determine through thorough investi- gation that it is the best overall solution. Required fire protection at lowest con- struction cost, and cost of annual building insurance, should be taken into consid- eration. FRT wood is more expensive than untreated wood, which in most cases can be used in structural floor, wall, and roof assemblies to meet fire-resistive requirements in regard to both life safety and protection of property. 10.10 CHAPTER TEN Calculated Fire Resistance. The International Building Code (as well as the three major model building codes) permits calculation as an alternative to prescriptive or tested assemblies for one-hour fire-rated wood-framed floors, roofs, and load- bearing and nonbearing walls. The codes provide tables of assigned times for com- ponents, which have been developed empirically from extensive studies of assem- blies tested with nominal 2 in. wood framing in accordance with ASTM Standard E119. End-point criteria in the standard also were considered. A one-hour fire-rated assembly can be determined by combining the individual component times of the assembly in accordance with the method and limitations in the codes, thereby pro- viding additional choices for the designer. Methods also provide for determining the required size of exposed timber beams and columns with a minimun nominal dimension of 6 in., including structural glued laminated timber, for fire-resistance ratings up to one hour. 6,10 (See Chapter 4 for a further discussion.) Building Occupancy, Area, and Height Limitations. All buildings must meet code requirements with respect to permissible heights and floor areas. These re- quirements are based on certain characteristics of the building, including the fire zone, type of occupancy, construction materials and systems, setbacks from property lines, exits, and automatic extinguishing systems. Fire Zones. Some cities have established one or more geographic fire zones (or fire limits), which restrict type of use or occupancy, percentage of lot coverage, and type of construction permitted. The purpose is to make fire protection easier by concentrating in one area those buildings of similar fire hazard. Usually, wood- frame building construction is not permitted in central fire zones, where congestion and closeness of other buildings would make fire spread most likely and fire fighting most difficult. Occupancy. Codes traditionally have specified use or occupancy classifications, including assembly, business, educational, factory and industrial, hazardous, insti- tutional, mercantile, residential, storage, and utility or miscellaneous. Within oc- cupancy classifications, codes also consider whether manufacturing or storage is of potentially explosive or dangerous materials; whether the residents are elderly, dis- abled, or confined, etc. Unprotected wood construction is not permitted in specific high-hazard or medical institutional occupancies. Setbacks. Codes traditionally have recognized the advantage of large open areas around buildings, to make fire fighting easier and prevent fire spread. When build- ings have more than 25% of their perimeter on a 20 ft minimum open space, or face on a street with a 20 foot minimum width, the International Building Code permits a building with larger area than when buildings are closer to property lines or other buildings. Exits. The number and type of exits required depend on occupant load and travel distance to exits. All exit assemblies are classified by fire-resistance ratings, and except for certain high-hazard or institutional occupancies, protected wood construction is usually permitted. The maximum distance to an exit is 200 ft in accordance with the International Building Code, for most occupancy classifications without sprinklers including business or residential buildings. Previous codes dif- fered somewhat in these provisions. Sprinklers. Sprinklers are another option that can be used to increase building height and/or area, expanding the options for using wood systems in large multi- family residential and non-residential buildings. With sprinkler protection, code requirements for flame spread and fire-resistance ratings may be relaxed. It may be [...]... READING APA Form E30, APA Design / Construction Guide: Residential and Commercial, APA The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, WA APA Form A310, APA Design / Construction Guide: Nonresidential Roof Systems, APA The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, WA 10.36 CHAPTER TEN APA Form W305, APA Design Construction Guide: Fire-Rated Systems, APA The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, WA APA Form W460, APA. .. Association, Tacoma, WA APA Form W460, APA Design Construction Guide: Noise-Rated Systems, APA The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, WA APA Form EWS X440, APA / EWS Product Guide: Glulam, APA The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, WA APA Form X710, APA Design / Construction Guide: I-Joists for Residential Floors, APA The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, WA Canadian Wood Council, Wood and Fire Safety,... 4 16,500 3 10,000 4 18,000 3 10,500 2 4,500 I-2 S A 1 12, 000 NP NP 1 12, 000 1 9,500 NP NP I-3 S A 2 10,500 1 7,500 2 12, 000 2 7,500 1 5,000 I-4 S A 3 23,500 2 13,000 3 25,500 1 18,500 1 9,000 M S A 4 18,500 4 12, 500 4 20,500 3 14,000 1 9,000 R-1 S A 4 24,000 4 16,000 4 20,500 3 12, 000 2 7,000 R-2 S A 4 24,000 4 16,000 4 20,500 3 12, 000 2 7,000 Group 10.13 FIRE- AND NOISE-RATED SYSTEMS TABLE 10.6 Typical... Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Fire Resistance Directory, Northbrook, IL (annual) 12 ASTM E108, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA 13 APA Form EWS Y245, APA Technical Note: Calculating Fire Resistance of Glulam Beams and Columns, APA The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, WA 14 Gypsum Association, Fire Resistance... Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA FIRE- AND NOISE-RATED SYSTEMS 10.35 2 APA Form Y380, Fire Hazard Classification of PS-1 Plywood, Research Report 128 , APA The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, WA 3 Forest Products Society, Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, Madison, WI, 1999 4 ASTM E119, Standard Test... 46 Test No KAL 262-2 5/8" gypsum wallboard cemented to plywood vertically with joints staggered between studs No nails Joints taped 3/8" 24" 12" 2x6 plate top and bottom APA RATED SHEATHING lining applied vertically with 6d common nails spaced 6" o.c at edges, 12" o.c other framing Nail heads dimpled into panel 2x6 plate top and bottom 2x4 studs spaced 24" o.c., staggered 2x4 studs spaced 24" o.c.,... vertically with 6d nails spaced 7" o.c Nail heads dimpled into gypsum wallboard 8" 2x4 studs spaced 16" o.c APA RATED SHEATHING lining applied vertically with 6d common nails spaced 6" o.c at edges, 12" o.c other framing Nail heads dimpled into panel gypsum wallboard applied vertically, joints staggered 12" from plywood joints No nails Laminated with 3/8" beads of adhesive continuous around perimeter and... approx 9.5 Case 3 KAL-2241 & 2 APA 0.075 vinyl sheet on 3 ⁄8 in plywood underlayment 5 ⁄8 in rated sheathing subfloor on 2 ϫ joists at 16 in o.c 5 ⁄8 in screwed to resilient channels 3 in glass fiber 46 46 8.9 Case 4 KAL-22432 & 33 APA 1 19 ⁄32 in T&G Sturd-I-Floor on 2 ϫ joists at 16 in o.c 5 ⁄8 in screwed to resilient channels 3 in glass fiber 48 45 7.8 Case 5 KAL-224-3 & 4 APA 44 oz gropoint carpet and... joists at 16 in o.c 5 ⁄8 in screwed to resilient channels 3 in glass fiber 48 69 8.6 Case 6 CK 6 512- 8 USG 44 oz gropoint carpet and 40 oz hair pad, on 25 ⁄32 in oak 1 ⁄2 in rated sheathing subfloor on 2 ϫ joists at 16 in o.c 1 ⁄2 in screwed to resilient channels 3 in mineral wool 50 71 9.5 Case 7 G&H -APA1 ST APA Vinyl tile 19 5 ⁄8 in screwed to resilient channels 1 in mineral wool stapled to side of joists... of plywood should not compromise the STC or IIC of the tested systems Some assemblies contain proprietary products, so test sponsors should be contacted for additional details Test Sponsors APA USDA ISU APA The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, Washington USDA Forest Service, Wood Construction Research, Seattle, Washington Iowa State University, and U.S Forest Service, Division of Forest Economics . S A 4 16,500 3 10,000 4 18,000 3 10,500 2 4,500 I-2 S A 1 12, 000 NP NP 1 12, 000 1 9,500 NP NP I-3 S A 2 10,500 1 7,500 2 12, 000 2 7,500 1 5,000 I-4 S A 3 23,500 2 13,000 3 25,500 1 18,500 1 9,000 MS A 4 18,500 4 12, 500 4 20,500 3 14,000 1 9,000 R-1. (glulam) or solid timber beams (4x6 minimum) 1 1 / 8 " APA T&G wood structural panels with exterior glue (Exposure 1) – APA RATED STURD-I-FLOOR 48 oc typical FIGURE 10.1 Heavy timber. S A 3 23,500 2 13,000 3 25,500 1 18,500 1 9,000 MS A 4 18,500 4 12, 500 4 20,500 3 14,000 1 9,000 R-1 S A 4 24,000 4 16,000 4 20,500 3 12, 000 2 7,000 R-2 S A 4 24,000 4 16,000 4 20,500 3 12, 000 2 7,000 FIRE- AND NOISE-RATED SYSTEMS 10.13 TABLE 10.6 Typical