BÀI GIẢNG HỆ CHUYÊN GIA - ĐẠI HỌC HÀNG HẢI - 6 doc

47 VKem (Có) = (3/3,0/3) = (1,0) VKem (Không) = (3/5,2/5)        i là : Tên Ch.Cao Cân  Dùng kem?  Sarah T.Bình  Không Cháy Dana Cao T.Bình Có Không Annie  T.Bình Không Cháy Kartie   Có Không VC.Cao(Cao) = (0/1,1/1) = (0,1) VC.Cao(T.B) = (1/1,0/1) = (1,0)  VC.N   VKem (Có) = (0/2,2/2) = (0,1) 48 VKem (Không) = (2/2,0/2) = (1,0)          dùng kem. Bài tập chương 5:      49 Chương 6: Logic mờ và lập luận xấp xỉ 6.1. Biểu diễn tri thức bằng LOGIC VỊ TỪ.    F={p(t 1 ,t 2  n   t i       p 1 (t 1  k  n (u 1  n ) suy ra q(v 1  m )  i  t i  Câu(clause)  6.2. Một số ví dụ Bài toán chở đồ vật qua sông.   Thông tin v tình hu (Do ng s d) Tri th v l v chuyên môn (Do chuyên gia) Cung c qua phiên h Có qua phiên thu n tri th 50     Bi di: -V trí :vt(L,S,D,B) -An toàn: at(L,S,D,B) -V trí xu phát,  : ql(1, 2) Ta có mô t nh sau: 1. vt(b,b,b,b) 2. dd(b,n) 3. dd(n,b) 4. vt(LD,S,D,B)  dd      5. vt(X,X,D,B)  dd(X,X  at(X,X  vt(XX,D,B) 6. vt(X,S,X,B)    B,S)  B,S) 7. vt(X,S,X,D)      ,S) 8. at(X S X B) 9. dd   l 6.3. Cơ chế suy diễn : + +odus Tollens) Sói Dê B c B b Lái  B nam 51  1. membership( x 1 , [x 1 :-] )  +)-  2. membership( x 2 , [-:y] ) :- membership (x 2 , y) Goal: membership(1, [ 1,2,3]): :- membership (1, [1,2,3])   h  3. :-mb(x, [1,2,3]) 4. :- {x/x 1 , 1/x 1 } (3,1) nên x=1 5. :-mb(x,[2,3] {x/x 2 ; 2,3/x 1 } (3,2) 6. :- {x/x 3 ; 2/x} (5,1)nên x=2 7. :-mb(x,[3]) {x/x 4 ; 3/x 4 } (5,2) 8. :- {3/x} (7,1) nên x=3 9. : mb(x,[]) (7,2) 10. fail (9,1) 11. fail (9,2) p qp  p qp    :p p:q q q q:- Rule Clause Prolog rule 52 6.4. Biểu diễn tri thức bằng logic mờ và suy diễn 6.4.1  ng 1-   2-  P A   A   A P A : U  {0,1} X  U  P A (x) Trực quan Trừu tượng A  B P A  P B A  B P A  P B A \B P A  P B A =B P A  P B    1,0 ~  A  :x 1)(0 ~  x A   A ~ : thì )( ~ x A   A ~      A ~ 53 )( ~ x A    (0,25)   (26,32)   (33,38)   (39,45)  6.4   A ~    1,0: A U  S= {x/ 0)( x A   K={x/ 1)( x A        A xA /   )(x A  +) 0  A   U 1 a b c 54 +)  x a  x  b +)  x   x  c  A ~  (a, b, c)  A ~ = (a, b, c, d)  A ~  A ~      A  và B    1). BA ~ ~   C ~   )()( xx BAC  max( )();( A xx B  ) S m a b c d 55 Chú thích  2). CBA ~ ~ ~    )()( xx BAC  min ( )();( A xx B  ) .  A ~  )( A x   A ~ +) A ~  )(1)( A xx A    +) BABA ~ ~ ~ \ ~  nhau: )()(: ~ ~ xxxBA BABA    1. Tính giao hoán ABBA ABBA ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~    )C ~ )B ~ (A ~ C ~ )B ~ A ~ (  )C ~ )B ~ (A ~ C ~ )B ~ A ~ (   A ~ A ~ A ~  A ~ A ~ A ~  4. A ~ A ~ )B ~ A ~ (  56 A ~ A ~ )B ~ A ~ (   )C ~ A ~ ()B ~ A ~ ()C ~ B ~ (A ~  )C ~ A ~ ()B ~ A ~ ()C ~ B ~ (A ~    ~~ A ~  u ~ u ~ A ~  7. u ~ ~    ~ u ~  8.   A ~ A ~ uAA ~ ~~  9. B ~ A ~ B ~ A ~  Ví dụ : 0.4)} (d, 0.3), (c, 0.2), (b, 0.1), {(a,A ~ 0.6)} (d, 0.7), (c, 0.8), (b, 0.9), {(a,A ~ 0.6)} (d, 0.7), (c, 0.8), (b, 0.9), (a, 0.4), (d, 0.3), (c, 0.2), (b, 0.1, (a, { A  ~ A ~ Nhận xét : - L. Zadel (max, min, 1-)  - ))x(),x((s)x( BABA     Hàm s là t  conorm : s 0, 1] - ))x(),x((t)x( BABA     Hàm t là t  norm : s  - Hàm t   : + s(x, y) = s(y, x) + s(s(x, y), z) = s(x, s(y, z)) +      x),x(s ),x(s 0 11 - Hàm t   : + t(x, y) = t(y, x) + t(s(x, y), z) = t(x, s(y, z)) +      00 1 ),x(t x),x(t Ví dụ : s(x, y) = x + y - xy .  3. :-mb(x, [1,2,3]) 4. :- {x/x 1 , 1/x 1 } (3,1) nên x=1 5. :-mb(x,[2,3] {x/x 2 ; 2,3/x 1 } (3,2) 6. :- {x/x 3 ; 2/x} (5,1)nên x=2 7. :-mb(x,[3]) {x/x 4 ; 3/x 4 } (5,2) 8. :- {3/x}. [x 1 :-] )  + )-  2. membership( x 2 , [-: y] ) :- membership (x 2 , y) Goal: membership(1, [ 1,2,3]): :- membership. {(a,A ~ 0 .6) } (d, 0.7), (c, 0.8), (b, 0.9), {(a,A ~ 0 .6) } (d, 0.7), (c, 0.8), (b, 0.9), (a, 0.4), (d, 0.3), (c, 0.2), (b, 0.1, (a, { A  ~ A ~ Nhận xét : - L. Zadel (max, min, 1-) 