CHAPTER 7 Water Use Katherine L. Thalman CONTENTS Section 7A Water Use — United States 7-2 Section 7B Water Use — World . . 7-18 Section 7C Public Water Supply — United States 7-46 Section 7D Public Water Supply — World . . . . . 7-70 Section 7E Domestic Water Consumption . . . . . . 7-98 Section 7F Bottled Water . . . 7-108 Section 7G Industrial and Commercial Water Use — United States . . . . . . 7-115 Section 7H Industrial Water Use — World . . . . . 7-157 Section 7I Irrigation — United States . 7-167 Section 7J Irrigation — World. . . 7-204 Section 7K Livestock . . . . . . 7-215 Section 7L Navigation and Waterways . 7-217 Section 7M Waterborne Commerce 7-233 Section 7N Water–Based Recreation . . . 7-240 Section 7O Fisheries . . . . . . 7-251 Section 7P Water in Foods . . 7-275 7-1 q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC SECTION 7A WATER USE — UNITED STATES Well Factory Sewage Treatment Plant Recharge Well Rural Home Well Septic Tank City Municipal Water Works Hydroelectric Plant Recreation Farm Pond Irrigation Steam Power Plant Navigation Factory Figure 7A.1 The many uses of water. (From Laas and Beicos, The Water in Your Life, Popular Library In 2nd Edition, 1967.) THE WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA: HYDROLOGIC DATA AND INTERNET RESOURCES7-2 q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Figure 7A.2 Total water withdrawals for all off-stream water-use categories in the United States, 2000. (From Hutson, S.S. et al., 2004, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268, www.usgs.gov/ pubs/circ/2004/circ1268.) WATER USE 7-3 q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 0 50 100 150 200 250 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Year Groundwater withdrawals (bill gal/day) Other industrial Public supply Rural T h e r m o e l e c t r i c p o w e r Irrigation Note: The 2000 data for rural domestic and livestock and other industrial are partial totals. Figure 7A.3 Total water withdrawal for public supply, rural, irrigation, thermoelectric power, and other industries in the United States, 1950–2000. (Based on data from Hutson, S.S. et al., 2004, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268, www.usgs.gov.) THE WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA: HYDROLOGIC DATA AND INTERNET RESOURCES7-4 q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Table 7A.1 Trends in Estimated Water Use in the United States, 1950–2000 Year Percentage Change 1950 a 1955 b 1960 c 1965 d 1970 d 1975 c 1980 c 1985 c 1990 c 1995 c 2000 c 1995–2000 Population (million) 150.7 164 179.3 193.8 205.9 216.4 229.6 242.4 252.3 267.1 285.3 7 Offstream use Total withdrawals 180 240 270 310 370 420 440 399 408 402 408 2 Public supply 14 17 21 24 27 29 34 36.5 38.5 40.2 43.3 8 Rural domestic and livestock Self-supplied domestic 2.1 2.1 2 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.4 3.32 3.39 3.39 3.59 6 Livestock and aquaculture 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.2 4.47 e 4.5 5.49 f — Irrigation 89 110 110 120 130 140 150 137 137 134 137 2 Industrial Thermoelectric power use 40 72 100 130 170 200 210 187 195 190 195 3 Other industrial use 37 39 38 46 47 45 45 30.5 29.9 29.1 g — Source of water Ground Fresh 34 47 50 60 68 82 83 73.2 79.4 76.4 83.3 9 Saline h 0.6 0.4 0.5 1 1 0.9 0.65 1.22 1.11 1.26 14 Surface Fresh 140 180 190 210 250 260 290 265 259 264 262 K1 Saline 10 18 31 43 53 69 71 59.6 68.2 59.7 61 2 Note: Data for 1995 and earlier from Solley and others (1998). The water-use data are in billion gallons per day (thousand million gallons per day) and are rounded to two significant figures for 1950–80, and to three significant figures for 1985–2000; percentage change is calculated from unrounded numbers. —, not available. a 48 States and district of Columbia, and Hawaii. b 48 States and district of Columbia. c 50 States and district of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands. d 50 States and district of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. e From 1985 to present this category includes water use for fish farms. f Data not available for all States; partial total was 5.46. g Commercial use not available; industrial and mining use totaled 23.2. h Data not available. Source: From Hutson, S.S. et al., 2004, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268, http://water.usgs.gov. WATER USE 7-5 q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC S elf- s u p p l ie d i n d u s trial 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Year Groundwater withdrawals (bill gal/day) Irrigation Thermoelectric Public supply Self-supplied domestic Total groundwater withdrawals Figure 7A.4 Trends in groundwater use in the United States, 1950–2000. (Based on information from Dziegielewski, B. et al., 2002, Analysis of Water Use Trends in the United States: 1950–1995 University of lllinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Water Resources Center, Special Report 28, February 2002, environ.uivc.edu/iwrc and Hutson, S.S. et al., 2004, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268, www.usgs.gov.) Table 7A.2 Changes in Sectoral Withdrawals in the United States, 1950–1995 Withdrawals (bgd) Change (bgd) Percent Change Sector 1950 1980 1995 1980–1995 1980–1995 1950–1980 1980–1995 Domestic 17.6 39.6 49.1 22.0 9.5 C125.0 C24.0 Irrigation 89.0 150.0 134.0 61.0 K16.0 C68.5 K10.7 Thermoelectric 40.0 210.0 190.0 170.0 K20.0 C425.0 K9.5 Industrial 37.0 45.0 29.1 8.0 K15.9 C21.6 K35.3 Total 183.6 444.6 402.2 261.0 K42.4 C142.2 K9.5 Note: This sectoral breakdown of the 1980–1995 change in total withdrawals shows a consistent decline in off-stream withdrawals for all sectors, with the exception of public supply and domestic use. Source: From Dziegielewski, B. et al., 2002, Analysis of Water Use Trends in the United States: 1950–1995. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, February 28, 2002. Reprinted with permission, http://info.geography.siu.edu/ geography_info/research/. THE WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA: HYDROLOGIC DATA AND INTERNET RESOURCES7-6 q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Table 7A.3 Percent of United States Population Relying on Groundwater as a Source of Drinking Water, 1995 Alabama 40 Alaska 42 Arizona 57 Arkansas 42 California 43 Colorado 14 Connecticut 41 Delaware 57 Florida 92 Georgia 28 Hawaii 96 Idaho 94 Illinois 24 Indiana 51 Iowa 71 Kansas 45 Kentucky 14 Louisiana 56 Maine 31 Maryland 16 Massachusetts 41 Michigan 25 Minnesota 72 Mississippi 91 Missouri 43 Montana 37 Nebraska 84 Nevada 26 New Hampshire 37 New Jersey 46 New Mexico 88 New York 27 North Carolina 24 North Dakota 44 Ohio 35 Oklahoma 26 Oregon 17 Pennsylvania 22 Rhode Island 17 South Carolina 26 South Dakota 63 Tennessee 37 Texas 42 Utah 55 Vermont 35 Virginia 12 Washington 52 West Virginia 21 Wisconsin 57 Wyoming 42 Total United States Including P.R. and V.I. 41 Source: Abstracted from Solley, W.B. et al., 1998, Estimated use of water in the United States in 1995, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1200. WATER USE 7-7 q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Source Use Domestic-commercial Industrial-mining Thermoelectric Consumptive use Surface water Public supply 0.8% 4.8% 14.8% 85.2% 2.5% 14.0% 9.9% 53.4% 70.7% 22.7% 97.5% 38.7% 99.5% 84.9% 64.7% 8.2% 16.9% 18.4% 19.2% 8.0% 4.1% 3.3% 84.6% 29.3% 80.8% 10.3% 12.2% 6.9% 49.6% 62.5% 87.9% 11.8% 0.3% 0.4% 63.2% 60.7% 39.3% 36.8% 40.9% 0.1% 37.5% 77.6% 33.2% 9.5% 19.7% 5.6% 6.7% 67.3% 0.7% 22.4% 264,000 Mgal/d 40,200 Mgal/d 41,700 Mgal/d 100,000 Mgal/d 28,000 Mgal/d 132,000 Mgal/d 241,000 Mgal/d 139,000 Mgal/d 76,400 Mgal/d Groundwater Irrigation-livestock Disposition Return flow Figure 7A.5 Source, use, and disposition of freshwater in the United States, 1995. For each water-use category, this diagram shows the relative proportion of water source and disposition and the general distribtion of water from source to disposition. The lines and arrows indicate the distribution of water from source to disposition for each category; for example, surface water was 77.6 percent of total freshwater withdrawn, and going from "Source" to "Use" columns, the line from the surface-water block to the domestic and commercial block indicates that 0.8 percent of all surface water withdrawn was the source for 4.8 percent of total water (self-supplied withdrawals, public-supply deliveries) for domestic and commercial purposes. In addition, going from the "Use" to "Disposition" columns, the line from the domestic and commercial block to the consumptive use block indicates that 19.2 percent of the water for domestic and commercial purposes was consumptive use; this represents 8.0 percent of total consumptive use by all water-use categories. (From Solley, W.B. et al., 1998, Estimated use of water in the United States in 1995, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1200, www.usgs.gov.) THE WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA: HYDROLOGIC DATA AND INTERNET RESOURCES7-8 q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Table 7A.4 Surface Water Withdrawals by Water-Use Category, 2000 Public Supply Domestic Irrigation Livestock Aquaculture Industrial Mining Thermoelectric Power Total State Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Saline Fresh Saline Fresh Saline Fresh Saline Total Alabama 553 0 28.7 — 1.44 777 0 — — 8,190 0 9,550 0 9,550 Alaska 50.7 0.25 0.02 — — 3.8 3.86 27.4 49.5 28.9 0 111 53.4 164 Arizona 613 0 2,660 — — 0 0 4.43 0 26.2 0 3,300 0 3,300 Arkansas 289 0 1,410 — 10.4 66.8 0 2.57 0 2,170 0 3,950 0 3,950 California 3,320 28.6 18,900 227 380 5.65 13.6 2.71 0.46 349 12,600 23,200 12,600 35,800 Colorado 846 0 9,260 — — 96.4 0 — — 122 0 10,300 0 10,300 Connecticut 358 0 13.4 — — 6.61 0 — — 186 3,440 565 3,440 4,010 Delaware 49.8 0 7.89 0.22 0 42.5 3.25 — — 366 738 466 741 1,210 District of Columbia 0 0 0.18 — — 0 0 — — 9.69 0 9.87 0 9.87 Florida 237 0 2,110 1.51 0.21 74.7 1.18 57.8 0 629 12,000 3,110 12,000 15,100 Georgia 968 0 392 17.7 7.72 333 30 2.05 0 3,240 61.7 4,960 91.7 5,060 Hawaii 7.6 7.22 193 — — 0 0 — — 0 0 208 0 208 Idaho 25.3 0 13,300 7.2 1,920 19.7 0 — — 0 0 15,300 0 15,300 Illinois 1,410 0 4.25 0 — 259 0 — — 11,300 0 12,900 0 12,900 Indiana 326 0 45.4 14.6 — 2,300 0 78.3 0 6,700 0 9,460 0 9,460 Iowa 79.8 0 1.08 27.1 — 11.7 0 30.3 0 2,530 0 2,680 0 2,680 Kansas 244 0 288 23.5 2.27 6.74 0 17.4 0 2,240 0 2,820 0 2,820 Kentucky 455 8 28.2 — — 222 0 — — 3,250 0 3,970 0 3,970 Louisiana 404 0 232 3.31 115 2,400 0 — — 5,580 0 8,730 0 8,730 Maine 72.5 0 5.23 — — 237 0 — — 108 295 423 295 718 Maryland 740 0 12.6 3.18 14.8 49.9 227 4.1 0.02 377 6,260 1,200 6,490 7,690 Massachusetts 542 0 106 — — 26.2 0 — — 108 3,610 783 3,610 4,390 Michigan 896 0 73.2 1.15 — 589 0 — — 7,710 0 9,260 0 9,260 Minnesota 171 0 36.6 0 — 97.8 0 581 0 2,260 0 3,150 0 3,150 Mississippi 40.4 0 99.1 — 49.8 124 0 — — 318 148 632 148 781 Missouri 594 0 48.1 54.1 81.3 33.5 0 12.8 0 5,620 0 6,450 0 6,450 Montana 92.4 1.29 7,870 — — 29.3 0 — — 110 0 8,100 0 8,100 Nebraska 63.8 0 1,370 17.4 — 2.6 0 122 0 2,810 0 4,390 0 4,390 Nevada 478 0 1,540 — — 5 0 — — 24.7 0 2,050 0 2,050 New Hampshire 64.1 0.16 4.25 — 13.1 37.9 0 6.72 0 235 761 362 761 1,120 New Jersey 650 0 117 0 0 66.2 0 104 0 648 3,390 1,590 3,390 4,980 New Mexico 33.8 0 1,630 — — 1.67 0 — — 45 0 1,710 0 1,710 New York 1,980 0 12.1 — — 152 0 — — 4,040 5,010 6,190 5,010 11,200 North Carolina 779 0 221 32.3 0 267 0 — 0 7,850 1,620 9,150 1,620 10,800 North Dakota 31.2 0 73.2 — — 10.7 0 — — 902 0 1,020 0 1,020 Ohio 966 2.71 17.8 17.1 0 645 0 35.5 0 8,590 0 10,300 0 10,300 Oklahoma 562 0 151 97.2 16.1 19.1 0 0.23 0 143 0 990 0 990 Oregon 447 7.97 5,290 — — 183 0 — — 12.8 0 5,940 0 5,940 Pennsylvania 1,250 0 12.5 — — 1,030 0 20.9 0 6,970 0 9,290 0 9,290 (Continued) WATER USE 7-9 q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Table 7A.4 (Continued) Public Supply Domestic Irrigation Livestock Aquaculture Industrial Mining Thermoelectric Power Total State Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Saline Fresh Saline Fresh Saline Fresh Saline Total Rhode Island 102 0 2.99 — — 2.09 0 — — 2.4 290 110 290 400 South Carolina 462 0 162 — 514 0 — — 5,700 0 6,840 0 6,840 South Dakota 39.1 0.01 236 25.2 — 1.96 0 — — 4.01 0 306 0 306 Tennessee 569 0 15.1 — 785 0 — — 9,040 0 10,400 0 10,400 Texas 2,970 0 2,130 172 1,200 906 91.5 0 9,760 3,440 16,300 4,350 20,700 Utah 274 0 3,390 — 0 8.38 0 17.7 177 49.2 0 3,740 177 3,920 Vermont 40.6 0.25 3.45 — — 4.86 0 — — 355 0 404 0 404 Virginia 650 0 22.8 — — 365 53.3 — — 3,850 3,580 4,880 3,640 8,520 Washington 552 0.02 2,290 — — 439 39.9 — — 518 0 3,800 39.9 3,840 West Virginia 149 0.81 0.02 — — 958 0 — — 3,950 0 5,060 0 5,060 Wisconsin 293 0 1.57 6.02 30.4 364 0 — — 6,090 0 6,780 0 6,780 Wyoming 49.4 0 4,090 — — 1.47 0 20.7 0 242 0 4,400 0 4,400 Puerto Rico 425 0 57.5 — — 0 0 — — 0 2,190 483 2,190 2,670 U.S. Virgin Islands 5.57 1.69 0.21 — — 3.12 0 — — 0 136 10.6 136 147 Total 27,300 58.9 80,000 747 2,640 14,900 1,280 1,240 227 135,000 59,500 262,000 61,000 323,000 Note: Figures may not sum of totals because of independent rounding. All values are in million gallons per day. —, data not collected. Source: From Hutson, S.S. et al., Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268, 2004, http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ/2004/circ1268/. THE WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA: HYDROLOGIC DATA AND INTERNET RESOURCES7-10 q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC [...]... 11 .73 7. 29 7. 24 76 .69 1.09 0.30 38.60 2.69 2.54 37. 52 11 .75 8 .77 4 87 429 271 72 5 79 3 1 87 1 27 994 450 523 460 821 464 5 67 299 73 4 108 848 133 53 518 554 545 303 74 5 322 525 203 27 35 23 13 3 41 32 56 14 16 12 16 9 34 23 18 55 78 42 74 9 6 23 13 10 9 19 11 64 46 85 78 57 26 39 84 74 68 3 59 66 77 37 33 15 45 1 58 60 67 79 12 34 63 62 1 30 1 19 2 42 5 3 10 20 81 32 0 0 45 12 7 13 25 33 34 10 8 78 57 18... of Resources 3820.3 1239.2 893.5 345 .7 2581.1 265.1 377 .4 165.2 131.3 33.9 212.2 50.4 9.9 13.3 14 .7 9.8 8.2 19.0 79 0 .7 509.1 395.6 113.5 281.6 27. 4 20 .7 41.1 44.3 32.8 10.9 10.3 2 652.2 564.9 366.6 198.3 2 0 87. 3 1 87. 3 69.4 45.6 41.0 57. 4 80.9 70 .7 8.9 9.0 10.2 7. 1 8.9 2.0 322.6 25.1 7. 8 19.5 6.0 278 .0 86.2 62.5 98.1 977 .4 9 17. 8 0.1 6.9 71 .2 58 .7 0.0 7. 0 7. 3 6.4 34.2 2.8 192.3 39.6 0.0 2.9 19 .7 4.3 27. 6... 58,148 19 87 430 112 0 78 15 7 0 303 1,616 303 1,616 1,913 72 ,1 27 1992 18, 973 849 1 86 7 7 0 q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC THE WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA: HYDROLOGIC DATA AND INTERNET RESOURCES 1, 670 Canada — Total (mill m3) as a % of Renewable Water Resources Uruguay 80 88 80 88 122 289,848 19 87 460 1, 171 0 89 6 5 0 23 59 23 59 139 41,065 1965 650 — — 91 6 3 0 2 27 700 205 72 2 1,233 49,144 1 970 4,100... 0 .79 5.42 1,006 .77 212. 57 76.43 23.11 6.08 126.43 6.33 16.93 23.91 46.88 1. 97 4.54 5.69 3.29 22.30 0.29 2 .74 49.34 24.35 2 .72 156.01 75 .04 0.60 21.66 THE WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA: HYDROLOGIC DATA AND INTERNET RESOURCES Region and Country Total Freshwater Withdrawal (km3/yr) 1 975 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 0.19 12.60 19.95 11.96 87. 07 39 .78 24.64 2.31 58.33 71 .39 6.63 53 669 1,2 37 1,869... K41.0 — 102.1 K10.6 244.3 7, 782 6,203 5,149 5,646 3,399 4,002 3,298 2,845 4, 473 3,189 2,305 2,539 4,0 07 3,4 27 3, 340 2,349 20,034 28 ,74 0 31,662 40,281 — K20.3 K 17. 0 9 .7 — 17. 7 K 17. 6 K13 .7 — K28 .7 K 27. 7 10.2 — K14.5 K2.5 K29 .7 — 43.5 10.2 27. 2 2,989 2, 876 2 ,75 8 2, 277 2,003 2,014 1,518 1,308 2,963 1,630 1,231 1,083 1,588 1,422 1,3 57 1,131 18,084 24 ,70 2 28,183 28,183 — K3.8 K4.1 K 17. 4 — 0.5 K24.6 K13.8 —... 434 4,140 813 656 679 3 ,79 0 189 1,630 80.8 225 269 73 4 72 0 2,180 1 ,78 0 188 7, 860 75 7 85.2 584 1,540 893 580 123 878 1,030 993 666 7- 1 1 (Continued) q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC WATER USE Table 7A.5 Groundwater Withdrawals for Off-Stream Water- Use Categories in the United States, 2000 7- 1 2 Table 7A.5 (Continued) State 16.9 105 54.2 321 1,260 364 19.5 70 .7 464 41.6 330 57. 2 88.5 0.52 16,000 Domestic... K15 .7 73.2 47, 126 52,613 53,189 61 ,76 0 — 11.6 1.1 16.1 29 ,72 4 34 ,77 1 37, 286 36,650 — 17. 0 7. 2 K1 .7 3,233 3,592 3,892 4,300 — 11.1 8.4 10.5 — — — — 3 ,76 0 3 ,71 9 3,802 3,922 — K1.1 2.2 3.2 3,363 3,338 3, 374 3,482 — K0 .7 1.1 3.2 3 97 381 428 440 — K4.0 12.4 2.8 — 0.6 K15 .7 73.2 50,886 56,330 56,991 65,682 — 10 .7 1.2 15.2 33,0 87 38,109 40,659 40,132 — 15.2 6 .7 K1.3 3,630 3, 973 4,320 4 ,74 0 — 9.4 8 .7 9 .7 Figures... 1,602 1,815 1, 972 1,953 1,650 1,620 1,500 71 89 110 110 120 130 140 150 1 37 1 37 134 61 77 87 96 100 92 94 100 339 403 4 27 451 440 380 370 374 52 66 73 80 83 74 76 81 Total (bil gal) 10 14 17 21 24 27 29 34 38 41 43 3.5 5.2 5.9 6 .7 7.1 Rural (bil gal) Industrial and Misce (bil gal) 75 145 148 151 155 166 168 183 189 195 192 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.5 4.9 5.6 7. 8 7. 9 8.9 29 37 39 38 46 47 45 45 31 30 26... — — 46.0 0.3 — — 0.8 79 .1 0.8 68.2 3 .7 — 75 .1 1.1 — 8.6 10.4 10.4 17. 6 8.6 — — 46 .7 — 28.4 3 .7 — 17. 9 6.8 2 .7 2.2 9.3 23.4 14.2 — 2.1 — 12.9 — — — 43.3 — — 13.8 — 8.9 — 6.6 16.6 8.8 5.5 — 45 .7 — 26 .7 — — 14 .7 5.8 2.4 1.4 8.9 — — — 2.0 64.6 10.6 — 63 .7 — 37. 4 — 11.9 9.1 — 7. 9 — 5 .7 16.3 9 .7 — — 39.0 — 24.5 17. 8 69.0 11.8 15.8 — 1.4 6.0 — — 4 .7 2.5 — 9 .7 12.8 53.5 5.1 37. 5 — 7. 6 7. 4 12.9 — 4.5 — 15.4... 53.1 18 .7 7.4 82.1 38 .7 67. 4 80.5 74 .3 — 1.5 — 1.1 7. 5 — 14.1 — 82.5 7. 0 — 12.1 57. 3 — — — 2.0 — — 65 .7 1.6 — — 0.6 — 7. 0 — 40.5 67. 1 76 .4 69.9 — 1.6 — 1.4 — 0.5 12.8 — 83 .7 4.6 — — — — — 3.4 3.4 — 5.9 65 .7 3.2 — 73 .7 0 .7 — 7. 1 — 40.2 65.9 68.4 — — 1.3 — 2 .7 15.4 0.9 13.0 3.3 — 8.5 — — — 0.3 — — 3.3 59.3 12.6 64.2 3.2 — 53.9 1.5 — — 82 .7 — 66.1 60.1 74 .6 — 1.5 0.1 0.4 18.6 1 .7 11.0 0.4 87. 4 1.2 — — . 7- 2 15 Section 7L Navigation and Waterways . 7- 2 17 Section 7M Waterborne Commerce 7- 2 33 Section 7N Water Based Recreation . . . 7- 2 40 Section 7O Fisheries . . . . . . 7- 2 51 Section 7P Water in Foods . . 7- 2 75 7- 1 q. . . 7- 1 15 Section 7H Industrial Water Use — World . . . . . 7- 1 57 Section 7I Irrigation — United States . 7- 1 67 Section 7J Irrigation — World. . . 7- 2 04 Section 7K Livestock . . . . . . 7- 2 15 Section. CHAPTER 7 Water Use Katherine L. Thalman CONTENTS Section 7A Water Use — United States 7- 2 Section 7B Water Use — World . . 7- 1 8 Section 7C Public Water Supply — United States 7- 4 6 Section 7D