explains what he or she thinks is wrong with Reality TV, while the author of Passage 2 does not.. Parker Brothers bought the game from Charles Darrow.. How did Parker Brothers find out th
Trang 1Other Reality shows take fame-seekers to the next level by having
them compete against one another American Idol, Star Search, and Fame showcase singers, actors, dancers, and model wannabes, and
offer them a chance at professional success Even those who don’t winthe big prize get national television exposure, and have a better chance
than they did before the show of becoming famous Survivor offers
another twist: not only can you become an instant celebrity, but youhave a chance to win a million dollars The combination of fame and
money has helped to make Survivor the most popular Reality TV gram of all time But it’s not alone in the format Big Brother combines the “group living together in a beautiful setting” concept of The Real World with a $500,000 prize, and Fear Factor pays $50,000 to the con-
pro-testant who completes the most terrifying stunts
Given television’s long history of reality-based programming, why
is there a problem now? Most Reality TV centers on two commonmotivators: fame and money The shows have pulled waitresses, hairstylists, investment bankers, and counselors, to name a few, fromobscurity to household names These lucky few successfully parlayedtheir fifteen minutes of fame into celebrity Even if you are not inter-ested in fame, you can probably understand the desire for lots ofmoney Watching people eat large insects, jump off cliffs, and befilmed 24 hours a day for a huge financial reward makes for interest-ing viewing What’s wrong with people wanting to be rich andfamous? Not much, and, if you don’t like it, you can always change thechannel
26 The author’s tone in Passage 1, lines 1–7, may best be described as
a satire concerning a man’s journey through life.
b cynicism about the reasons people go on Reality TV shows.
c humor regarding the content of Reality TV.
d irony about the maturation process.
e sarcasm toward the television networks.
27 Based on the passages, which statement would both authorsagree with?
a Reality TV has had a long history.
b Big Brother is about the desire for fame and money.
c The popularity of Reality TV is an indication of a decline in
morals
d Survivor is the most successful Reality TV show.
e There is nothing wrong with Reality TV.
Trang 21 5
28 The primary purpose of Passage 2 is to
a refute an argument.
b explore possible outcomes.
c give a brief history.
d explain how to get famous.
e show the need for change.
29 The two passages differ in that the author of Passage 1
a defends Reality TV, while the author of Passage 2 does not.
b explains what he or she thinks is wrong with Reality TV, while
the author of Passage 2 does not
c believes Reality TV has many faults, while the author of
Pas-sage 2 thinks no one has a problem with it
d blames Reality TV for the lack of variety in programming,
while the author of Passage 2 thinks it has improved variety
e says Reality TV is cheap to produce, while the author of
Pas-sage 2 disagrees
30 In Passage 2, line 20, the phrase ratings homerun means that
a a lot of people watch The Real World.
b The Real World beats baseball games in TV ratings.
c there are baseball players on The Real World.
d the Nielsen company likes The Real World.
e The Real World contestants play softball on the show.
31 Both passages illustrate the idea that
a people on Reality TV shows become famous.
b Reality TV is all about getting rich.
c Reality TV is a good alternative to traditional programming.
d the producers of Reality TV are getting rich.
d a way of making curtains.
e to cover the floor.
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Trang 333 What does the author of Passage 1 find most troublesome aboutReality TV?
a It isn’t original.
b It doesn’t need writers to come up with scripts.
c It invades people’s privacy.
d It doesn’t accurately show reality.
e It shows how shallow people are.
Questions 34–40 are based on the following passage
The selection that follows is based on an excerpt from a history of the game
of Monopoly.
In 1904, the U.S Patent Office granted a patent for a board gamecalled “The Landlord’s Game,” which was invented by a VirginiaQuaker named Lizzie Magie Magie was a follower of Henry George,who started a tax movement that supported the theory that the rent-ing of land and real estate produced an unearned increase in land val-ues that profited a few individuals (landlords) rather than the majority
of the people (tenants) George proposed a single federal tax based onland ownership; he believed this tax would weaken the ability to formmonopolies, encourage equal opportunity, and narrow the gapbetween rich and poor
Lizzie Magie wanted to spread the word about George’s proposal,making it more understandable to a majority of people who were basi-cally unfamiliar with economics As a result, she invented a boardgame that would serve as a teaching device The Landlord’s Game wasintended to explain the evils of monopolies, showing that theyrepressed the possibility for equal opportunity Her instructions read
in part: “The object of this game is not only to afford amusement toplayers, but to illustrate to them how, under the present or prevailingsystem of land tenure, the landlord has an advantage over other enter-prisers, and also how the single tax would discourage speculation.”The board for the game was painted with forty spaces around itsperimeter, including four railroads, two utilities, twenty-two rentalproperties, and a jail There were other squares directing players to go
to jail, pay a luxury tax, and park All properties were available for rent,rather than purchase Magie’s invention became very popular, spread-ing through word of mouth, and altering slightly as it did Since it wasnot manufactured by Magie, the boards and game pieces were home-made Rules were explained and transmuted, from one group of friends
Trang 4to Michigan, and as far south as Texas By the early 1930s, it reachedCharles Darrow in Philadelphia In 1935, claiming to be the inventor,Darrow got a patent for the game, and approached Parker Brothers.This time, the company loved it, swallowed Darrow’s prevarication,and not only purchased his patent, but paid him royalties for everygame sold The game quickly became Parker Brothers’ bestseller, andmade the company, and Darrow, millions of dollars.
When Parker Brothers found out that Darrow was not the trueinventor of the game, they wanted to protect their rights to the suc-cessful game, so they went back to Lizzie Magie, now Mrs ElizabethMagie Phillips of Clarendon, Virginia She agreed to a payment of
$500 for her patent, with no royalties, so she could stay true to theoriginal intent of her game’s invention She therefore required inreturn that Parker Brothers manufacture and market The Landlord’sGame in addition to Monopoly However, only a few hundred gameswere ever produced Monopoly went on to become the world’s best-selling board game, with an objective that is the exact opposite of theone Magie intended: “The idea of the game is to buy and rent or sellproperty so profitably that one becomes the wealthiest player andeventually monopolist The game is one of shrewd and amusing trad-ing and excitement.”
34 In line 16, what does repressed the possibility for equal
opportunity mean?
a Monopolies led to slavery.
b Monopolies were responsible for the single tax problems.
c Monopolies made it impossible for poorer people to follow
Henry George
d Monopolies were responsible for Lizzie Magie’s $500 payment
and Charles Darrow’s millions
e Monopolies made it impossible for poorer people to have the
same chances as the wealthy
Trang 535 How does the objective of The Landlord’s Game differ from that
of Monopoly?
a In The Landlord’s Game, you can only rent the properties, but
in Monopoly you may buy them
b The Landlord’s Game illustrates the inequality of the
landlord/tenant system, while Monopoly encourages players tobecome landlords and become wealthy at the expense of others
c The Landlord’s Game teaches the problems of capitalism and
Monopoly teaches the value of money
d The Landlord’s Game was a way for Quakers to understand the
economic theories of Henry George, and Monopoly explainsthe evolutionary theories of Charles Darrow
e In The Landlord’s Game, players try to land on as many
rail-roads and utilities as possible, but in Monopoly they try to avoidthem
36 In line 38, what does swallowed Darrow’s prevarication mean?
a ate his lunch
b believed his lie
c understood his problem
d played by his rules
e drank his champagne
37 In line 28, the statement that the rules of The Landlord’s Game
were explained and transmuted relies on the notion that
a when people pass along information by word of mouth, it goes
through changes
b when people explain things to their friends, they take on a
different appearance
c friends rely on one another for vital information.
d it’s not always easy to play by the rules.
e word of mouth is the best way to spread information.
38 In paragraph 4, the author implies that
a Parker Brothers bought the game from Charles Darrow.
b it is not difficult to get a patent for an idea you didn’t invent.
c Monopoly made Parker Brothers and Darrow millions of
dollars
d Lizzie Magie tried to sell her game to George Parker.
e The Landlord’s Game was popular with Quakers.
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39 Why did Mrs Phillips sell her patent to Parker Brothers?
a So a large company would market her game and spread the
word about Henry George’s single tax theory
b So she could make money.
c So The Landlord’s Game could compete with Monopoly.
d So the truth would be told about Charles Darrow.
e So she would become famous.
40 All of the following questions can be explicitly answered on thebasis of the passage EXCEPT
a Why did Lizzie Magie invent The Landlord’s Game?
b Was was the object of The Landlord’s Game?
c What were some of the properties on The Landlord’s Game
board?
d Who did Charles Darrow sell the game to?
e How did Parker Brothers find out that Charles Darrow didn’t
invent the game?
Questions 41–47 are based on the following passage
The following selection is adapted from a news story about a bill recently introduced in Congress.
In the past thirty years, Americans’ consumption of restaurant andtake-out food has doubled The result, according to many healthwatchdog groups, is an increase in overweight and obesity Almost 60million Americans are obese, costing $117 billion each year in healthcare and related costs Members of Congress have decided they need
to do something about the obesity epidemic A bill was recently duced in the House that would require restaurants with twenty ormore locations to list the nutritional content of their food on theirmenus A Senate version of the bill is expected in the near future.Our legislators point to the trend of restaurants’ marketing largermeals at attractive prices People order these meals believing that theyare getting a great value, but what they are also getting could be, inone meal, more than the daily recommended allowances of calories,fat, and sodium The question is, would people stop “supersizing,” ormake other healthier choices if they knew the nutritional content ofthe food they’re ordering? Lawmakers think they would, and the grav-ity of the obesity problem has caused them to act to change menus.The Menu Education and Labeling, or MEAL, Act, would result inmenus that look like the nutrition facts panels found on food in super-markets Those panels are required by the 1990 Nutrition Labeling
Trang 7and Education Act, which exempted restaurants The new restaurantmenus would list calories, fat, and sodium on printed menus, and calo-ries on menu boards, for all items that are offered on a regular basis(daily specials don’t apply) But isn’t this simply asking restaurants tostate the obvious? Who isn’t aware that an order of supersize fries isn’thealth food? Does anyone order a double cheeseburger thinkingthey’re being virtuous?
Studies have shown that it’s not that simple In one, registered cians couldn’t come up with accurate estimates of the calories found incertain fast foods Who would have guessed that a milk shake, whichsounds pretty healthy (it does contain milk, after all) has more caloriesthan three McDonald’s cheeseburgers? Or that one chain’s chickenbreast sandwich, another better-sounding alternative to a burger, con-tains more than half a day’s calories and twice the recommended dailyamount of sodium? Even a fast-food coffee drink, without a doughnut
dieti-to go with it, has almost half the calories needed in a day
The restaurant industry isn’t happy about the new bill Argumentsagainst it include the fact that diet alone is not the reason for America’sobesity epidemic A lack of adequate exercise is also to blame In addi-tion, many fast food chains already post nutritional information ontheir websites, or on posters located in their restaurants
Those who favor the MEAL Act, and similar legislation, say inresponse that we must do all we can to help people maintain a healthyweight While the importance of exercise is undeniable, the quantityand quality of what we eat must be changed They believe that if wewant consumers to make better choices when they eat out, nutritionalinformation must be provided where they are selecting their food.Restaurant patrons are not likely to have memorized the calorie countsthey may have looked up on the Internet, nor are they going to leavetheir tables, or a line, to check out a poster that might be on the oppo-site side of the restaurant
41 The purpose of the passage is to
a targue the restaurant industry’s side of the debate.
b explain why dieticians have trouble estimating the nutritional
content of fast food
c help consumers make better choices when dining out.
d explain one way legislators propose to deal with the obesity
epi-demic
e argue for the right of consumers to understand what they are
ordering in fast food restaurants
Trang 82 1
42 According to the passage, the larger meals now being offered inrestaurants
a cost less than smaller meals.
b add an extra side dish not offered with smaller meals.
c include a larger drink.
d save consumers money.
e contain too many calories, fat, and sodium.
43 In lines 15–16, the word gravity most nearly means
a the force of attraction toward earth.
a They don’t want any healthy items on their menus.
b Because lack of adequate exercise is also responsible for the
obesity epidemic
c They don’t want to be sued if they incorrectly calculate the
calories in their menu items
d They feel their industry is already over-regulated.
e Because people would stop coming to their establishments if
they knew what was in the food
45 Why is the chicken breast sandwich mentioned in paragraph 4?
a It is an example of a menu item that contains more fat than one
would assume
b It is the only healthy choice on some restaurants’ menus.
c It has twice as much salt as the recommended daily allowance.
d It has as many calories as three McDonald’s hamburgers.
e It is a typical selection in a Value Meal.
46 The passage explains that those in favor of the MEAL Act wantnutritional information placed
a anywhere the consumer can make a menu selection.
Trang 947 If the MEAL Act is passed, consumers would see
a menus that tell them how to select the healthiest complete
meal
b menus that look like nutritional labels on packaged food.
c restaurants with more extensive information on their websites.
d less television advertising of fast food restaurants.
e restaurants that serve healthier food choices.
Answers
1 c. The answer may be found in lines 4 and 5, which state that
Rus-sell wanted an alternative to his scratched and warped phonograph records You may infer that the problem with such records was
their poor sound quality
2 e. Lines 26–27 state that the detector’s function is to convert data
collected by the laser into music
3 b. While the paragraph explains the function of semiconductor
lasers in reading the information on CDs, it does not say thing about why they were invented
any-4 a. Evidence may be found in lines 23–24, which state that today’s
models are quirkier and less perfect than the supermodels
5 c. A resumé is literally the summary of one’s job experience,
edu-cation, and skills The author is saying that there is nothing onecan say about these models except that they look great; theirfigurative resumé has only one item on it Being great-looking
isn’t work experience (choice a), one would not literally list
“great-looking” alone on a resume (choices b and d), and pathos
is a feeling of pity or sorrow (choice e).
6 e. To wax means to become, and rhapsodic means excessively
enthusiastic Although rhapsodic can also mean like a musicalcomposition of irregular form, this definition does not fit withthe rest of the sentence
7 e. Lines 5–7 mention calculators (adding machines), computers,
card punches, and manuals The only item not mentioned iskitchen scales
8 c. A sneer is a facial expression that signals contempt or scorn
Accountants and bookkeepers didn’t like the comptometer,because as lines 13–14 explain, it performed their job faster thanthey could
9 b. The Museum has a collection of computer-related magazines,
manuals, and books (line 7) They would not contain
informa-2 informa-2
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tion on the inventor of the telephone (choice a), other museums
in California (choice c), the profession of comptometer tion (choice d), or why video games are harmful (choice e).
opera-Since IBM played, and continues to play, an important role inthe development of computers and computer-related technol-ogy, it could most likely be researched at the Museum
10 d. Lines 4–5 explain that there was a social component to a trip to
the marketplace To be social means to be around others, gesting that people sought out interaction with one another
sug-11 c. The prefix ante- means earlier, as does pre- Additional context
clues may be found in the first paragraph, which explains thesimilarities between historical marketplaces (those of long ago),and the malls of today, and in line 6, which states the mall is adescendant of the marketplace
12 a. This information is not given in the passage
13 b. The answer is in lines 27–29: It was constructed according to a
uni-fied plan, rather than as a random group of stores Nichols’ company owned and operated the mall, leasing space to a variety of tenants.
14 e. Lines 31–34 explain that Gruen took the shopping mall to the
next level by intending it to take the place of a city center, withleisure and entertainment opportunities as well as shopping anddining
15 b. All of the other choices are mentioned in lines 46–48
16 a. Lines 36–38 list some of Southdale’s offerings, such as shops,
restaurants, a school, a post office, a skating rink, works of art,and fountains These are also available in a city, and may beconsidered among the pleasures of urban life
17 e. All of the other choices were mentioned in the last two
para-graphs as positive impacts of megamalls However it is unlikelythat a mall in Minnesota would be in direct competition for vis-itors with a Mall located on the other side of the world
18 a. Salad is the best choice, because (lines 4–7) at the time,
Ameri-cans were beginning to eat healthier foods, such as vegetables
19 e. Lines 33 and 34 explain that he skipped the fermentation
process, which means that the fish was fresh, or raw If you
answered choice b, check back to the passage There is no
rea-son to believe that sushi with fermented rice was not being sumed in Edo before Yohei’s innovation If you answered choice
con-d, note that the passage does not indicate when, or with whom,
wasabi began being used as a condiment with nigiri zushi.
20 c. It states in lines 42 and 43 that ama ebi is raw shrimp, and shime
saba is marinated mackerel You can infer that ebi means shrimp,
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Trang 11because “raw” is not one of your choices You can also infer that
shime means marinated, because mackerel is not one of your choices Therefore, shime ebi means marinated shrimp.
21 d. Nowhere in the passage does the author mention a preference
for either type of sushi The answer to choice a may be found in lines 36 and 37 Choice b is found in lines 10–13, choice c is answered by lines 46–51, and choice e is answered by
lines 26–29
22 a. It is noted in lines 15 and 16 that sushi consumption in America
is 40% higher than it was in the late 1990s (five years ago).While the other answers might be true, they are not described
in the passage
23 b. Unpalatable may be defined as not agreeable to taste; from the
Latin palatum, which refers to the roof of the mouth You know the word palate as the roof of the mouth, so unpalatable most
likely has to do with the sense of taste The biggest clue to thedefinition comes in line 24, which states that Americans have
decided, this once-scorned food is truly delicious.
24 d. It is mentioned in lines 25–26 that sushi was developed for the
purpose of preserving fish Line 29 clearly states that pickling,which takes place at the end of the sushi-making process, is ameans of preserving
25 d. The nori is typically on the outside of the roll, surrounding the
rice (lines 46 and 47) If the rice is wrapped around the seaweed,the inside (rice) is now on the outside In addition, you coulduse the process of elimination, as none of the other choicesmake sense
26 c. The author does not have a bite to his argument, as required by
satire, cynicism, and sarcasm He is also not speaking to two
audiences, one that gets it and one that doesn’t, as with irony.
He is simply trying to be funny, as in lines 1–3, which says thatonce a boy becomes a man, he will compete for cash on
an island
27 d. This is the only statement made by both authors (see Passage 1
lines 37–38, and Passage 2 lines 33–34) Don’t be tricked by the
choices that are true, such as a, b, and e They need to be
believed by both authors to be correct
28 a. Passage 2 repeats a number of times its first question: Why does
Reality TV get such a bad rap? Lines 2 and 3 explain the ment further, saying its popularity is blamed on degeneratemorals and a decreasing attention span The first lines of para-graph 2 (13–16) again question the argument against Reality
argu-2 4
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TV, and the last paragraph repeats the questioning There are
no outcomes or any need for change mentioned A brief history
is given, and the subject of getting famous through exposure onReality TV is brought up, but neither is the primary purpose ofthe passage
29 b. Passage 1 centers on a problem with Reality TV, and while
Passage 2 does mention some problems, they are not what he or
she feels, but rather the opinion of some people Choice a is
incorrect because Passage 1 does not defend Reality TV Choice
c is incorrect because the author of Passage 2 acknowledges that
some people have a problem with Reality TV (lines 1–3 and
48–49) Choice d is incorrect because Passage 2 does not say anything about variety in TV programming Choice e is wrong
because Passage 2 doesn’t mention the cost of producing TVshows
30 a. Ratings refers to how many people watch the show A homerun
is the best possible kind of hit, so a ratings homerun is a symbolic
term meaning that many people watch the show Choices b, c, and e reference ball games literally, but the author used the
term figuratively, so those choices are incorrect Nielsen is thecompany that gathers TV ratings, but high ratings have nothing
to do with whether they like a show or not
31 e. Both passages show that there is a debate about Reality TV In
Passage 1, the author is against it, but notes that it is popular(lines 10 and 37) The author of Passage 2 likes it, and also rec-
ognizes that it gets a bad rap (line 1) Although most of the
other choices are factual, they do not appear in both passages,and are not illustrated by them
32 c. The clue comes in Passage 1, which describes the swathing and
flower gluing as crimes against defenseless walls Swathing istherefore something done to a wall The only choice that makes
sense is c, to cover.
33 d. While there is evidence for the other choices, they are not the
most troublesome The author repeats in every paragraph theidea that Reality TV isn’t real
34 e. Look back to lines 7–10, where George’s single tax proposal
(the idea The Landlord’s Game was meant to teach) is described
as aiming to weaken the ability to form monopolies, encourage equal opportunity, and narrow the gap between rich and poor.
35 b. Lines 13–20 explain the first part of the question, while lines
52–55 contain the answer to the second Don’t be distracted bythe other answers that contain true statements that are not,
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Trang 13however, the objectives of the games Note also that evolutionwas a theory of Charles Darwin, not Charles Darrow.
36 b. Lines 35–37 explains that Darrow fraudulently claimed to be
the game’s inventor (he was introduced to it before he got apatent as its inventor) Parker Brothers bought his patentbelieving that it was genuine, meaning that they believed Dar-row’s falsehood
37 a. The answer is in line 26 Having the game and its rules spread
by word of mouth means it will alter slightly from one person to
another
38 b. To imply means to hint at, rather than to state outright The
other choices are all directly stated in the paragraph, while b is
implied
39 a. Lines 46 and 47 say she sold it to remain true to her original
intent, which was, according to line 11, to spread the wordabout George’s single tax theory
40 e. Lines 42 and 43 say that Parker Brothers found out that
Dar-row wasn’t the inventor, but nowhere in the passage does it sayhow they learned the information
41 d. In the first paragraph, where the theme is typically introduced,
it states that members of Congress have decided they need to do thing about the obesity epidemic (lines 5 and 6).
some-42 e. The answer is found in lines 12–14: what they are also getting
could be, in one meal, more than the daily recommended allowances of calories, fat, and sodium.
43 c. Clues for this question are found in the first paragraph, in
which the obesity problem is called an epidemic, and the gering cost of the problem is mentioned
stag-44 b. Paragraph 5 states that the restaurant industry has responded to
the bill by pointing out that diet alone is not the reason for ica’s obesity epidemic A lack of adequate exercise is also to blame.
Amer-45 c. The answer is in lines 32–35: the chicken breast sandwich
con-tains more than twice the recommended daily amount
of sodium.
46 a. Paragraph 6 explains that those who support the MEAL Act
believe nutritional information must be provided where they are selecting their food (lines 46 and 47).
47 b. The answer is in lines 18–20: The Menu Education and Labeling,
or MEAL, Act, would result in menus that look like the nutrition facts panels found on food in supermarkets.
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