compo sition req uirements, such as boro n, lead, or nons tandard ch emical ran ges. Table 1.3 and Table 1.4 list the UNS numbe rs corresp onding to SAE-A ISI numb ers for various standard carbon and alloy steels, respectively, with composition ranges. A specification is typic ally an acronym or abbreviation for a standards organization plus a specific written statement of both technical and commercial requirements that a product must satisfy. It is a document that restrains or controls procurement and is issued by that standards organization. All material specificat ions contain general and specific information [57]. Any reasonably adequate specification will furnish theinformationabouttheitemsstated below[6,8]. The scope of the document may include product classification, required size range, condition, and any comments on product processing considered helpful to either the supplier or the user. An informative title and a statement of the required form may be employed instead of a scope item. Chemical composition may be described, or it may be denoted by a well-known designa- tion based on chemical composition. The SAE-AISI designations are normally used. A quality statement covering any appropriate quality descriptor and whatever additional prerequisites might be necessary. It may also include the type of steel and the steelmaking processes allowed. Quantitative requirements recognize permissible composition ranges and all physical and mechanical properties necessary to characterize the material. Testing methods employed to check these properties should also be included or reference made to standard test methods. This section should only address those properties that are vital for the intended application. Additional requirements can cover surface preparation, special tolerances, and edge finish on flat-rolled products as well as special packaging, identification, and loading instructions. Engineering societies, trade associations, and institutes whose members make, specify, or purchase steel products publish standard specifications; many of them are well recognized and highly respected. Some of the notable specification-writing groups or standard organiza- tions in the United States are listed below. It is clear from these names that a particular specification-writing group is limited to its own specialized field. The most widely used standard specifications for steel in the United States are those published by ASTM, many of which are complete specifications, usually adequate for procurement Association of American Railroads AAR American Bureau of Shipbuilding ABS Aerospace Materials Specification (of SAE) AMS American National Standards Institute ANSI American Petroleum Institute API American Railway Engineering Association AREA American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM American Welding Society AWS Society of Automotive Engineers SAE ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. A29 A 108 A 295 A 304 A 322 A 331 A 434 A 505 A 506 A 507 Carbon and alloy steel bars, hot rolled and cold finished Standard quality cold-finished carbon steel bars High carbon–chromium ball and roller bearing steel Alloy steel bars having hardenability requirements Hot-rolled alloy steel bars Cold-finished alloy steel bars Hot-rolled or cold-finished quenched and tempered alloy steel bars Hot-rolled and cold-rolled alloy steel sheet and strip Regular quality hot-rolled and cold-rolled alloy steel sheet and strip Drawing quality hot-rolled and cold-rolled alloy steel sheet and strip A 510 A 534 A 535 A 544 A 545 A 546 A 547 A 548 A 549 A 575 A 576 Carbon steel wire rods and coarse round wire Carburizing steels for antifriction bearings Special quality ball and roller bearing steel Scrapless nut quality carbon steel wire Cold-heading quality carbon steel wire for machine screws Cold-heading quality medium high carbon steel wire for hexagon-head bolts Cold-heading quality alloy steel wire for hexagon-head bolts Cold-heading quality carbon steel wire for tapping or sheet metal screws Cold-heading quality carbon steel wire for wood screws Merchant quality hot-rolled carbon steel bars Special quality hot-rolled carbon steel bars A 646 A 659 A 682 A 684 A 689 A 711 A 713 A 752 A 827 A 829 A 830 Premium quality alloy steel blooms and billets for aircraft and aerospace forgings Commercial quality hot-rolled carbon steel sheet and strip Cold-rolled spring quality carbon steel strip, generic Untempered cold-rolled high-carbon steel strip Carbon and alloy steel bars for springs Carbon and alloy steel blooms, billets, and slabs for forging High-carbon spring steel wire for heat-treated components Alloy steel wire rods and coarse round wire Carbon steel plates for forging and similar applications Structural quality alloy steel plates Structural quality carbon steel plates Source: From Anon., Carbon and alloy steels, SAE J411, 1993 SAE Handbook, Vol. 1, Materials Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, pp. 2.01–2.04. ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 5100H Bars, screw stock, free machining, cold drawn G12120 1212 5020C Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.5Mn 0.25Pb (0.32–0.39C), free cutting G11374 111.37 5022L Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.14–0.20C, free cutting G11170 1117 5024F Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.5Mn (0.32–0.39C), free cutting G11370 1137 5027C Wire, welding, 1.05Cr 0.55Ni 1.0Mo 0.07V (0.26–0.32C), vacuum melted, environment- controlled packaging K24728 D6AC 5028B Wire, welding, 1.05Cr 0.55Ni 1.0Mo 0.07V (0.34–0.40C), vacuum melted, environment- controlled packaging K23725 D6AC 5029B Wire, welding, 0.78Cr l.8Ni 0.35Mo 0.20V (0.33–0.38C), vacuum melted, environment- controlled packaging K23577 5030F Wire, welding, 0.06 carbon maximum K00606 5031C Welding electrodes, covered, steel, 0.07–0.15C W06013 S6013 FED-QQ-E-450, Type 6013 5032E Wire, 0.18–0.23C, annealed G10200 1020 FED-QQ-W-461 5036G Sheet and strip, aluminum coated, low carbon MIL-S-4174, Type 1, Grade B 5040J Sheet and strip, 0.15 carbon maximum, deep drawing grade G10100 1010 5042J Sheet and strip, 0.15 carbon maximum, forming grade G10100 1010 5044G Sheet and strip, 0.15 carbon maximum, half hard temper G10100 1010 5045F Sheet and strip, 0.25 carbon maximum, hard temper G10200 1020 5046A Sheet, strip, and plate, annealed G10200 1020 MIL-S-7952 G10250 1025 5047D Sheet and strip, 0.08–0.13C, Al killed, deep-forming grade G10100 1010 5050J Tubing, seamless, 0.15 carbon maximum, annealed G10100 1010 5053G Tubing, welded, 0.13 carbon maximum, annealed G10100 1010 5060F Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.13–0.18C G10150 1015 5061D Bars and wire, low carbon K00802 5062E Bars, forgings, tubing, sheet, strip, and plate, low carbon K02508 5069E Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.15–0.20C G10180 1018 5070G Bars and forgings, 0.18–0.23C G10220 1022 5075E Tubing, seamless, 0.22–0.28C, cold drawn and stress relieved G10250 1025 MIL-T-5066 5077E Tubing, welded, 0.22–0.28C, normalized or stress relieved G10250 1025 MIL-T-5066 5080H Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.31–0.38C G10350 1035 Continued ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 6250H Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.5Cr 3.5Ni (0.07–0.13C) K44910 3310 MIL-S-7393, Composition I 6255A Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.1Si 1.45Cr 1.0Mo 0.08A1 (0.16– 0.22C), premium air quality, double vacuum melted K21940 CBS 600 6256A Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.0Cr 3.0Ni 4.5Mo 0.08A1 0.38V (0.10–0.16C), premium air quality, double vacuum melted K71350 CBS 1000M 6257 Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.6Si 0.82Cr 1.8Ni 0.40Mo 0.08V (0.40–0.44C), consumable Electrode vacuum remelted, normalized and tempered 6260L Bars, forgings, and tubing, carburizing grade, 1.2Cr 3.2Ni 0.12Mo (0.07–0.13C) G93106 9310 6263H Bars, forgings, and tubing, carburizing grade, 1.2Cr 3.2Ni 0.12Mo (0.11–0.17C) G93150 9315 6264G Bars, forgings, and tubing, carburizing grade, 3.2Ni 1.2Cr 0.12Mo (0.14–0.20C) K44414 9317 6265H Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.2Cr 3.25Ni (0.07–0.13C), vacuum consumable electrode remelted G93106 9310 6266G Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.50Cr 1.82Ni 0.25Mo 0.003B 0.06V (0.08–0.13C) K21028 43BV12 6267D Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.2Cr 3.25Ni 0.12Mo (0.07–0.13C), electroslag remelted or vacuum remelted, consumable electrode G93106 9310 6270L Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.5Cr 0.55Ni 0.20Mo (0.11–0.17C) G86150 8615 6272H Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.20Mo (0.15–0.20C) G86170 8617 6274L Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.20Mo (0.18–0.23C) G86200 8620 6275F Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.40Cr 0.45Ni 0.12Mo 0.002B (0.15– 0.20C) G94171 94B17 6276F Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.20Mo (0.18–0.23C), consumable electrode vacuum melted G86200 8620 Continued ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 6277D Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.20Mo (0.18–0.23C), vacuum arc or electroslag remelted G86200 8620 6278A Bars, forgings, and tubing, 4.1Cr 3.4Ni 4.2Mo 1.2V (0.11–0.15C), premium aircraft quality for bearing applications, double vacuum melted 6280H Bars, forgings, and rings, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C) G86300 8630 MIL-S-6050 6281G Tubing, mechanical, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C) G86300 8630 6282G Tubing, mechanical, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.25Mo (0.33–0.38C) G87350 8735 6290F Bars and forgings, carburizing grade, 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.11–0.17C) G46150 4615 MIL-S-7493, Composition 4615 6292F Bars and forgings, carburizing grade, 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.14–0.20C) G46170 4617 MIL-S-7493 Composition 4617 6294F Bars and forgings, carburizing grade, 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.17–0.22C) G46200 4620 6299C Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.50Cr 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.17–0.23C) H43200 4320H 6300C Bars and forgings, 0.25Mo (0.35–0.40C) G40370 4037 6302E Bars, forgings, and tubing, low alloy, heat resistant, 0.65Si 1.25Cr 0.50Mo 0.25V (0.28–0.33C) K23015 17-22A(S) 6303E Bars and forgings, low alloy, heat resistant, 0.65Si 1.25Cr 0.50Mo 0.85V (0.25–0.30C) K22770 17-22A(V) 6304G Bars, forgings, and tubing, low alloy, heat resistant, 0.95Cr 0.55Mo 0.30V (0.40–0.50C) K14675 17-22A MIL-S-24502 MAM 6304 Bars, forgings, and tubing, low alloy, heat resistant, 0.95Cr 0.55Mo 0.30V (0.40–0.50C) K14675 17-22A MIL-S-24502 6305B Bars, forgings, and tubing, low alloy, heat resistant, 0.95Cr 0.55Mo 0.30V (0.40–0.50C), vacuum arc remelted K14675 17–22A Continued ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 6308A Bars and forgings, 0.90Si 1.0Cr 2.0Ni 3.2Mo 2.0Cu 0.10V (0.07–0.13C), vacuum arc or electroslag remelted K71040 Pyrowear, alloy 53 6312E Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C) K22440 4640 6317F Bars and forgings, 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C), heat treated, 125 ksi (862 MPa) tensile strength K22400 4640 6320J Bars, forgings, and rings, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.25Mo (0.33–0.38C) G87350 8735 6321D Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.42Cr 0.30Ni 0.12Mo 0.003B (0.38–0.43C) K03810 81B40 6322K Bars, forgings, and rings, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C) G87400 8740 MIL-S-6049 6323H Tubing, mechanical, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C) G87400 8740 6324E Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.65Cr 0.70Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C) K11640 8740 Mod 6325F Bars and forgings, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C), heat treated, 105 ksi (724 MPa) tensile strength G8740 8740 MIL-S-6049 6327G Bars and forgings, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C), heat treated, 125 ksi (862 MPa) tensile strength G8740 8740 MIL-S-6049 6328H Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.25Mo (0.48–0.53C) K13550 8750 6330E Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.65Cr 1.25Ni (0.33–0.38C) K22033 6331 Wire, welding, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.20Mo (0.33–0.38C), vacuum melted, environment controlled packaging G87350 8735 6342H Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.80Cr 1.0Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C) G98400 9840 6348A Bars, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C), normalized G41300 4130 MIL-S-6758 6349B Bars, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.38–0.43C), normalized G41400 4140 MIL-S-5626 6350H Sheet, strip, and plate, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C) G41300 4130 MIL-S-18729 6351E Sheet, strip, and plate, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C), spheroidized G41300 4130 6352F Sheet, strip, and plate, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.33–0.38C) G41350 4135 Continued ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 6354D Sheet, strip, and plate, 0.75Si 0.62Cr 0.20Mo 0.10Zr (0.10–0.17C) K11914 NAX 9115-AC 6356D Sheet, strip, and plate, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.30–0.35C) G41320 4132 6357G Sheet, strip, and plate, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.25Mo (0.33–0.38C) G87350 8735 6358F Sheet, strip, and plate, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C) G87400 8740 6359F Sheet, strip, and plate, 0.80Cr 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C) G43400 4340 6360J Tubing, seamless, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C), normalized or stress relieved G41300 4130 MIL-T-6736 Condition N 6361C Tubing, seamless round, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C), 125 ksi (860 MPa) tensile strength G41300 4130 MIL-T-6736 6362D Tubing, seamless, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C), 150 ksi (1034 MPa) tensile strength G41300 4130 MIL-T-6736 Condition HT 6365H Tubing, seamless, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.33–0.38C), normalized or stress relieved G41350 4135 MIL-T-6735 6370K Bars, forgings, and rings, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C) G41300 4130 MIL-S-6758 6371H Tubing, mechanical, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C) G41300 4130 MIL-T-6736 6372H Tubing, mechanical, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.33–0.38C) G41350 4135 6373C Tubing, welded, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C) G41300 4130 MIL-T-6736 6374A Tubing, seam-free, round, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.28–0.33C), 95 ksi (655 MPa) tensile strength G41300 4130 6375 Wire, welding, 0.50Cr 0.55Ni 0.20Mo (0.18–0.23C), vacuum melted, environment controlled packaging G86200 8620 6378E Bars, 1.0Cr 0.20Mo 0.045Se (0.39–0.48C), die drawn, 130 ksi (896 MPa) yield strength, free machining K11542 4142H Mod 6379A Bars, die drawn, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo 0.05Te (0.40–0.53C), tempered, 165 ksi (1140 MPa) yield strength K11546 4140 Mod 6381E Tubing, mechanical, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.38–0.43C) G41400 4140 Continued ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 6382K Bars, forgings, and rings, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.38–0.43C) G41400 4140 MIL-S-5626 6385E Sheet, strip, and plate, low alloy, heat resistant, 1.25Cr 0.50Mo 0.65Si 0.25V (0.27–0.33C) K23015 17–22A/S 6386B Sheet and plate, heat treated, 90 ksi and 100 ksi yield strength K11856 — 6390C Tubing, mechanical, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.38–0.43C) G41400 4140 6395D Sheet, strip, and plate, 0.95Cr 0.20Mo (0.38–0.43C) G41400 4140 6396B Sheet, strip, and plate, 0.80Cr 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.49–0.55C), annealed K22950 6406C Sheet, strip, and plate, 2.1Cr 0.58Mo 1.6Si 0.05V (0.41– 0.46C), annealed K34378 X200 6407E Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.2Cr 2.0Ni 0.45Mo (0.27–0.33C) K33020 IIS-220 6408 Bars and forgings, tool, hotwork, 5.2Cr 1.5Mo 1.0V (0.35–0.45C), electroslag remelted (ESR) or consumable electrode vacuum arc remelted (VAR), annealed T20813 H-13 6409 Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.80Cr 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C), special aircraft quality cleanliness, normalized and tempered G43400 4340 MIL-S-5000 6411D Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.88Cr 1.8Ni 0.42Mo 0.08V (0.28– 0.33C), consumable electrode remelted K23080 4340 Mod 6412J Bars and forgings, 0.80Cr 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.35–0.40C) G43370 4337 6413H Tubing, mechanical, 0.80Cr 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.35–0.40C) G43370 4337 6414F Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.80Cr 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C), vacuum consumable electrode remelted G43400 4340 6415M MAM Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.80Cr 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C) G43400 4340 MIL-S-5000 6415 Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.80Cr 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.38–0.43C) G43400 4340 MIL-S-5000 6417D Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.82Cr 1.8Ni 0.40Mo 1.6Si 0.08V (0.38–0.43C), consumable electrode remelted K44220 300M Continued ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 6418G Bars, forgings, tubing, and rings, 0.30Cr 1.8Ni 0.40Mo 1.3Mn 1.5Si (0.23–0.28C) K32550 Hy-Tuf MIL-S-7108 6419C Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.82Cr 1.8Ni 0.40Mo 0.08V 1.6Si (0.40– 0.45C), consumable electrode vacuum remelted K44220 300M MIL-S-8844 6421C Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.80Cr 0.85Ni 0.20Mo 0.003B (0.35–0.40C) — 98B37 Mod 6422F Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.80Cr 0.85Ni 0.20Mo 0.003B 0.04V (0.38–0.43C) K11940 98BV40 Mod 6423D Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.92Cr 0.75Ni 0.52Mo 0.003B 0.04V (0.40–0.46C) K24336 98BV40 Mod 6424B Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.80Cr 1.8Ni 0.25Mo (0.49–0.55C) K22950 — 6425 Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.30Cr 1.8Ni 0.40Mo 1.4Mn 1.5Si (0.23–0.28C), consumable vacuum electrode remelted K32550 Hy-Tuf 6426D Bars, forging, and tubing, 1.0Cr 0.58Mo 0.75Si (0.80–0.90C), consumable electrode melted K18597 52CB 6427H Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.88Cr 1.8Ni 0.42Mo 0.08V (0.28–0.33C) K23080 4330 Mod 6428D Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.80Cr 1.8Ni 0.35Mo 0.20V (0.32–0.38C) K23477 4335 Mod 6429D Bars, forgings, tubing, and rings, 0.78Cr 1.8Ni 0.35Mo 0.20V (0.33–0.38C), consumable electrode vacuum melted K33517 4335 Mod 6430D Bars, forgings, tubing, and rings, 0.78Cr 1.8Ni 0.35Mo 0.20V 0.75Mn (0.32–0.38C) K33517 4335 Mod 6431J Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.05Cr 0.55Ni 1.0Mo 0.11V (0.45–0.50C), consumable electrode vacuum melted K24728 D6 MIL-S-8949 6432A Bars, forgings, and tubing, 1.05Cr 0.55Ni 1.0Mo 0.12V (0.43–0.49C) K24728 D6A 6433D Sheet, strip, and plate, 0.80Cr 1.8Ni 0.35Mo 0.20V 0.75Mn (0.33–0.38C) K33517 4335 Mod Continued ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. . Cq 22 G4 051 S22C 1449 2HS, 22 CS ——— 970 040A 22 (En2C, En2D) 970 050A 22 970 060A 22 970 080A 22 1 025 1.0406, C25 G4 051 S25C — A3 5-5 52 XC25 25 C25 1.0415, D2 5 -2 , D2 6 -2 A3 5-5 66 XC25 C25E4 1.1158, Ck25. D2 0 -2 1.0 427 , C 22. 3 1.0460, C 22. 8 1.1149, Cm 22 1.1151, Ck 22 G4 051 S20CK 970 050A20 (En2C, En2D) 970 060A20 A3 5-5 52 XC18 A3 5-5 66 XC18 A3 5-5 53 C20 A3 5-5 53XC18S A3 5-5 54XC18S CC20 CC21K 1 021 — — 970 070M20. 0 .22 –0 .28 C, cold drawn and stress relieved G1 025 0 1 025 MIL-T-5066 5077E Tubing, welded, 0 .22 –0 .28 C, normalized or stress relieved G1 025 0 1 025 MIL-T-5066 5080H Bars, forgings, and tubing, 0.31–0.38C