[...]... 11 .4 STEP-NC Data Model 11 .4 .1 Part 1: Overview and Fundamental Principles 395 395 397 397 398 399 399 399 4 01 402 403 xvi Contents 11 .4.2 Part 10 : General Process Data 11 .4.3 Part 11 : Process Data for Milling 11 .4.4 Part 12 : Process Data for Turning 11 .4.5 Tools for Milling and. .. 9 .10 .3 CNC System Architecture 9 .11 Summary 338 340 340 3 41 3 41 3 41 344 344 347 348 350 10 Design of PC-NC and Open CNC 10 .1 Introduction 10 .2 Design of Software Architecture 10 .2 .1 CNC System Modeling... 5.5 Analysis of the Following Error 5.5 .1 The Following Error of the Feedback Controller 5.5.2 The Following Error of the Feedforward Controller 5.5.3 Comparison of Following Errors 5.6 Summary 15 7 15 7 15 8 16 0 16 1 16 2 16 6 17 1 17 9 17 9 18 2 18 3 18 5 6 Numerical Control Kernel... 405 407 407 408 410 411 414 415 417 418 422 422 424 425 426 427 427 428 Turning and Milling G-code System A .1 Turning A.2 Milling A.3 Classification of G-code Groups 4 31 4 31 434 437 11 .5 11 .6 11 .7 11 .8 A Bibliography ... Part Programming 11 .5 .1 Part Programming for the Milling Operation 11 .5.2 Part Programming for the Turning Operation STEP -CNC System 11 .6 .1 Types of STEP -CNC 11 .6.2 Intelligent STEP -CNC Systems Worldwide Research and Development... Speed of Two Blocks Connected by an Acute Angle 4.3.4 Corner Speed Considering Speed Difference of Each Axis 4.4 Look Ahead 4.4 .1 Look-Ahead Algorithm 4.4.2 Simulation Results 4.5 Summary 10 7 10 7 10 8 10 9 11 2 12 1 12 6 12 8 12 9 13 2 14 2 14 4 14 5 14 7... 11 .2 Background of STEP-NC 11 .2 .1 Problems with G&M Codes 11 .2.2 Historical Background 11 .3 STEP-NC: A New CNC Interface Based on STEP 11 .3 .1 Contents 11 .3.2 Relationship Between STEP and STEP-NC 11 .3.3 Objectives and Impacts ... 10 .5 .1 Closed-type CNC Systems 10 .5.2 Open CNC Systems 10 .6 Summary 353 353 356 356 359 359 3 61 362 365 369 376 377 378 378 3 81 3 81 384 387 387 389 393 11 STEP-NC System 11 .1 Introduction 11 .2... Research and Development 11 .7 .1 WZL-Aachen University (Germany) 11 .7.2 ISW-University of Stuttgart (Germany) 11 .7.3 POSTECH (South Korea) 11 .7.4 Ecole Polytechnic F´ d´ rale of Lausanne (Switzerland) e e 11 .7.5 University of Bath (UK) 11 .7.6 NIST (USA) ... 10 .3 Design of Soft-NC System 10 .3 .1 Design of Task Module 10 .3.2 Design of the System Kernel 10 .3.3 PLC Program Scanning and Scheduling 10 .3.4 Task Synchronization Mechanism 10 .3.5 Inter-Task Communication 10 .4 Motion Control . 411 11 .5.2 PartProgrammingfortheTurningOperation 414 11 .6 STEP-CNCSystem 415 11 .6 .1 TypesofSTEP -CNC 417 11 .6.2 Intelligent STEP -CNC Systems 418 11 .7 WorldwideResearchandDevelopment 422 11 .7 .1. Part1 0:GeneralProcessData 405 11 .4.3 Part 11 : Process Data for Milling . . . 407 11 .4.4 Part1 2:ProcessDataforTurning 407 11 .4.5 Tools for Milling and Turning . 408 11 .5 PartProgramming 410 11 .5 .1 Part Programming. DrivingMotorandSensor 9 1. 3.2 LinearMovementGuide 15 1. 3.3 Coupling 16 1. 4 CNCControlLoop 17 1. 4 .1 Semi-closedLoop 18 1. 4.2 ClosedLoop 18 1. 4.3 HybridLoop 19 1. 4.4 OpenLoop 19 1. 5 The Components of the CNC