Structure Steel Design''''s Handbook 2009 part 2 pptx

Index terms Links Arches: bridge: Cont... Index terms Links See also Cold-formed members; Floorbeams; Framing: Girders; Joists; Moments; Purlins; Sections; Shear; Stringers; Structures

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Index terms Links

American Association of State Highway

and Transportation Officials 11.1 11.2 11.78 13.2

American Institute of Steel Construction 6.1 6.2 6.29 6.30

American Railway Engineering and

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Arches: bridge: (Cont.)

cost comparisons for 14.6 14.10

curved versus segmental axis 14.9 14.10

dead-load / total-load ratios for 14.9

depth / span ratios for 14.7

lateral bracing for 14.47 14.64

(See also Bracing, bridge)

preliminary design procedure for 14.44

rise / span ratios for 14.7

weight estimating for 14.44

weight / total-load ratios for 14.9 14.44

(See also Bridge, arch)

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(See also Beams; Cold-formed

members; Columns; Composite

LRFD interaction equations for 6.48 6.49 6.84 7.32 7.33plastic capacity of 3.106 3.107

Beams:

allowable bending stresses for 6.31 6.47 6.48 12.159

alternative to plate girders 10.54

bearing pressure on 5.60 5.61 6.48

bearings for (see bearing plates for)

(See also Rockers; Rollers)

bending and compression (see

floorbeam (see Floorbeams)

girder (see Plate girders)

stringer (see Stringers)

buckling of (see Buckling)

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analysis of (see Structural analysis)

carry-over factors for 3.84 3.85

unit-load method for 3.69 3.72 3.73

design example for:

building beam with overhang 7.16

simple-span building floorbeam 7.11

unbraced building floorbeam 7.14

(See also Composite beams;

flanges of:

effective area of 6.65 11.176

hole deductions for 6.65 11.25 11.176

width-thickness limits for 6.63 6.81 9.23 11.38 11.65 11.174flexural formula for 3.28 11.48 11.49

hollow structural section 6.82 6.83

lateral support for 5.95 5.96 6.64 8.7 8.9

11.55 11.175

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(See also Cold-formed members;

Floorbeams; Framing: Girders;

Joists; Moments; Purlins; Sections;

Shear; Stringers; Structures)

design examples for 12.97

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Bearing: shoes: (Cont.)

(See also Allowable stresses, bending

Strength design, bending)

bracket connections with 5.67

common (see ordinary below)

minimum pretension for 6.36 6.37

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(See also Curved girders)

design example for:

shipping limitations for 12.116

single versus multiple 11.56

width / thickness limits for 11.38

(See also Orthotropic plates)

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Bracing: bridge: (Cont.)

truss (see Trusses, bridge, lateral

bracing; portal bracing;

maximum allowable compression in 9.29

rigid-connection (see Rigid frames)

shear wall (see Walls, shear)

(See also Frames, concentric braced

and eccentric braced)

North Fork Stillaguamish River 14.40 14.41

Smith Avenue High 14.36 14.37

South Street over I-84 14.42 14.43

West End-North Side 14.24 14.25

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Bridge: cable-swayed: (Cont.)

(See also Cable-stayed bridges,

major, details of)

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Bridge: suspension: (Cont.)

Brighton Chain Pier 15.86

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Bridge: suspension: (Cont.)

approach slabs for 11.72 11.73

arch (see Arches; Bridge; arch)

(See also Bearings)

box girder (see Box girders; Bridge,

box-girder)

cable-stayed (see Bridge,

cable-stayed; Cable-stayed bridges)

cable-suspended (see Bridge, cable-

stayed and suspension; Cable-

stayed bridges; Suspension bridges)

floorbeam/ girder design example for 12.70

(See also Arches; Box girders;

Girders; Plate girders: Stringers;

Trusses)

13.5 13.8 13.9

(See also Composite beams; Concrete

slabs; Orthotropic plates; Steel-grid

floors)

deflection limits for 11.3 11.63

design method for:

(See also Loads)

load distribution for 11.20

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Bridges: (Cont.)

orthotropic plate (see Bridge, ortho-

tropic plate; Orthotropic plates)

paints for (see Paint)

stringer (see Stringers)

suspension (see Bridge, suspension;

Suspension bridges)

through:

design example for 12.105

main girder spacing in 11.48 12.104

(See also Arches; Plate girders;

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seismic coefficients for 6.21 9.11 9.12 9.17

standard specifications for 6.2

terrain exposure types for 6.10 6.11 6.13 9.5 9.6

(See also Frames; Framing; Loads;

deflection theory for 15.78 15.79

first-order elastic theory for 15.76 15.78

cable prestressing effects on 15.76

cables for (see Cables)

wind-effect studies for 15.93

(See also Cables; Suspension bridges)

Cable systems:

comparative costs of 8.33 8.35

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Cable systems: (Cont.)

for cable-stayed bridges 15.41 15.99 15.100

for suspension bridges 15.39 15.97 15.98 15.100

pylon movement effects on 15.73 15.74

sag change effects on 15.73 15.74

Timoshenko equations for 15.64

(See also Cable systems)

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bolted connections for 10.34

combined loading strength of 10.21 10.23 10.27

effective widths for 10.11 10.42

resistance factors for 10.3 10.4 10.6

residential construction with 10.41 10.42

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Columns: (Cont.)

beam connections to (see Connections)

design example for:

ASD of truss chord 13.26 13.27

flange width / thickness limits for 11.37 11.38

hollow structural section 6.80

shapes commonly used for 7.1 7.5

torsional buckling loads for 3.96

web doubler plates for 5.89

wide-flange:

(See also Cold-formed members;

Compression members; Framing;

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Composite beams: (Cont.)

continuous:

negative steel for 11.51 11.52 12.154

(See also design example for below)

design example for:

ASD of bridge stringers 12.5 12.23

building beam with overhang 7.28

continuous bridge beams 12.154

LFD of bridge stringer 12.34

LRFD of bridge stringer 11.78 12.169

simple building beams 7.2

effective concrete flange width for 6.54 11.50 11.51

flange area estimating for 12.10 12.11 12.26 12.27

future reinforcement of 8.17

metal deck and concrete 8.2 8.16 8.17

neutral axis location in 7.19 11.50

plastic design stresses in 7.19

shear-connectors:

design with for bridges 11.50

design with for buildings 6.67 7.18

(See also Beams; Plate girders)

(See also Concrete slabs composite;

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(See also Columns, concrete-filled;

Composite beams; Composite

joists; Composite trusses)

Concrete slabs:

composite:

construction with 6.67 8.2 8.16 8.17 11.50

edge beams required for 11.70 11.71

maximum bolt spacing in 5.13 5.14

minimum bolt spacing in 5.13

(See also Bolts, holes for;

Compression members, built-up;

Tension members, built-up)

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Connections: (Cont.)

economic considerations for 5.1 5.4 5.39

(See also Hangers)

fully restrained (see rigid below)

girder cover plate to flange 6.65

girder flange to web 6.65 11.50

hanger end (see Hangers)

knee (see moment below)

minimum design load for 5.12 5.39

moment:

(See also rigid and semirigid below)

partially restrained (see semirigid

below)

pin (see Pins)

prying forces on 5.43 5.103 5.105 5.106 11.29rigid:

(See also moment above)

allowable slip load for 6.36 6.38

allowable stresses for 5.3

slip coefficients for 11.27 11.28

surface classes for 11.27 11.28

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Connections: welded: (Cont.)

with various types of welds 5.2 5.22

(See also Welding; Welds)

(See also Bolts; Joints; Splices;

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Deflections: beam: (Cont.)

moment-area method for 3.69 3.72

unit-load method for 3.56 3.72

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by dynamic force method 9.14

by equivalent force method 9.10

ground accelerations from 6.21

loads from (see Loads, seismic)

(See also Deformations)

Endurance (fatigue) limit 3.118

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(See also Box girders; Curved girders;

Drilling; Plate girders; Punching;

Reaming; Sawing; Welding; Welds)

Fasteners (see Bolts; Pins; Studs; Welds)

Fatigue:

effect of notches on 1.22

loading cycles causing 6.51 6.57

provisions for avoiding 6.57 6.62 11.30

stress range for:

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Fire protection: (Cont.)

thickness equations for 6.95 6.96 6.100

with water-filled columns 6.93 6.95 6.96

with wood-fiber plank 8.11

bridge (see Bridges; decks for)

concrete (see Concrete, precast plank,

and prestressed plank; Concrete

slabs)

framing for (see Framing)

loads on (see Loads)

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(See also Rigid frames)

nonlinear behavior of 3.99 9.38 9.39

rigid (see moment-resisting above)

(See also Rigid frames)

seismic coefficients for 6.21 9.11 9.12 9.17

(See also Earthquakes)

seismic loads on (see Loads, seismic)

seismic response spectra for 9.15

seismic slenderness limitations for 9.24

soil profile coefficients for 6.23 9.11

statically determinate 3.68 3.69

statically indeterminate 3.68 3.69

(See also ASD; Framing; Loads; LRFD

Structural analysis; Structures)

Framing:

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box (see Box girders)

composite (see Composite beams)

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(See also Beams; Plate girders;

Sections; Stiffeners; Stringers)

Gypsum concrete, roofs of 8.13

Hangers:

allowable stresses for 11.164

(See also Allowable stresses)

combined bending and compression 6.84

combined tension and compression 6.84

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(See also Connections; Knee braces;

Nodes; Splices; Trusses, joints in)

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(See also specific type of load

above and below)

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LRFD: (Cont.)

for bridges:

load combinations in 11.18 11.19

specifications for 11.1 11.2 11.30 11.31 11.78for buildings:

load combinations in 6.28 6.29

specifications for 6.1 6.2 6.29 6.30

for cold-formed members 10.3 10.4 10.6

design strength in (see Strength design)

resistance factors for 6.30 10.3 111.13 11.19 11.20

(See also Beams; Columns; Composite

beams; Strength design; Trusses)

effect of strain rate on 1.19

for structural steels 1.4 1.15 1.20

from maximum highway load:

on box girders 12.119 12.120

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Moments: from max highway load:

bridge cross sections with 12.129

bridge design example for 12.130

maximum slenderness ratio for 11.62

Pelikan-Esslinger method for 4.50 12.130

ribs in:

thickness limits for 11.62

stresses in:

wearing surfaces for 11.69 11.70

wheel load distribution to 11.61 11.62

(See also Bridge, orthotropic plate;

Box girders; Floorbeams;

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equilibrium (statical) method of 3.109

matrix stiffness method of 3.114

Plastic design:

maximum column loads in 6.78 6.79

maximum unbraced beam length 6.78

maximum yield stress in 6.78

moment redistribution in 6.78 6.79

width-thickness limits for 6.78

(See also LRFD; Structural analysis)

Plate girders:

bearings for (see Bearings)

(See also Camber)

composite (see Composite beams)

cost-effective design of 11.54

curved (see Curved girders)

deck with floorbeams:

design method preferred for 11.54

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Plate girders: flanges of: (Cont.)

hole deductions for 6.52

width / length ratio limit for 11.56

width / thickness ratio limit for 6.50 11.37 11.38 11.65

floorbeam design example for 12.75

rolled beam alternative to 11.55

splices (see Splices)

stiffeners for (see Stiffeners)

through:

characteristics of 5.96 12.69 12.104

effect of web depth on 12.110

weathering versus painted steel 11.54

thickness selection for 11.40

thickness variation for 11.55

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from maximum bridge highway load 11.16 11.9 11.26

(See also Frames; moment-resisting)

Rigidity; modulus of (see

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(See also Beams, bending slope of and

end rotations of)

(See also Beams, cover-plated; Box

girders; Columns, built-up; Plate

girders; Tension members, built-up)

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variation along span 3.34

variation with depth 3.29 3.33

from maximum highway load:

maximum stress at a point 3.18

negative and positive 3.34

(See also Allowable stresses, shear;

Cold-formed members; Reactions;

Strength design, shear)

Shear connectors:

allowable shear range for 11.52 11.53

fatigue design for 11.52 11.53

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Slenderness ratio (see Columns,

slenderness ratio of; Tension mem-

bers; maximum slenderness ratio for)

Specifications, tolerances in 2.2 2.3

(See also specific types of construc-

tion such as Cable-stayed bridges)

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Steels: A36: (Cont.)

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Steels: (Cont.)

fatigue of (see Fatigue)

flaking (internal cracking) of 1.34

for fracture-critical members 11.29

grain size effects on 1.32

(See also Welding; Welds)

(See also Yield point; Yield strength)

Stiffeners:

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Stiffeners: (Cont.)

for columns (see Columns, stiffeners)

as connections to cross frames 11.39 11.43 11.175

for plate girders:

intermediate 6.66 6.67 11.39 11.55 11.177

11.178 12.21 14.57 14.58longitudinal 11.41 11.42 11.55 14.56

(See also specific types of

construction; such as Beams; Cables;

Composite beams; Concrete)

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bending (see Beams; Beam-columns;

Columns; Tension members)

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stiffening of webs for 12.21 12.22

railway load distribution to 11.162 11.163

splice design example for 14.50

(See also Composite beams)

matrix stiffness method for 3.84 3.105 3.114

moment distribution method for 3.81

plastic (see first-order inelastic above

and second-order inelastic below)

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Structural analysis: (Cont.)

(See also Structural analysis; Framing;

and specific types of construction)

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Suspension bridges: (Cont.)

Hardesty-Wessman method for 15.70

Steinman-Baker method for 15.70

roadway cross-slope limits for 15.68

roadway curvature limits for 15.68

flutter theory for 15.89

negative-slope theory for 15.88 15.89

wind-effect studies for 15.86 15.93

wind-induced damaged to 15.86

(See also Bridge, suspension; Cables)

Systems (see Structures)

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Tensile strength: (Cont.)

critical sections for 6.64 11.45 11.172 11.173

design examples for:

ASD of truss chord 13.26 13.27

maximum slenderness ratio for 6.64 6.78

11.172 11.173net width of 6.64 11.45 11.172 11.173 13.19 13.20

members in (see beam above)

(See also Shafts)

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cost comparisons for 14.5

cross-section selection for 13.8

lateral bracing loading for 13.9 13.14 14.15

lateral bracing locations for 12.42 13.3 13.5 13.10 13.11lateral bracing purposes for 13.9

stiffening (see Suspension bridges,

stiffening trusses for)

(See also Bracing; Compression

members; Tension members)

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Trusses: chords of: (Cont.)

design procedure for 13.35

effectiveness factor for 13.41

fastener locations for 13.20 13.21

load transmission to 3.60

SLD example for, (see ASD

example for above)

types of connections for 5.97 13.20 13.21

working lines at 3.60 5.96 11.42 13.5

(See also Connections)

lateral-force-resisting 5.98

panel points in (see joints in above)

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Weights (see Loads, dead, and live;

and specific types of construction)

hand (see shielded metal arc below)

impermissible conditions for 5.33

interpass temperatures for 5.34

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