BISL 04 Weather and Climate

[...]... rapidly COLD AIR LAND Location Dry and mild Dry and warm Dry and cold Dry and hot Dry and cold Dry and cool Humid and mild Dry and cold Dry and hot Dry and hot Dry and cold Dry and mild 2 During the night, the city slowly releases heat that was absorbed during the day LEEWARD Autan wind Berg Bora Brickfielder Buran Harmattan Levant Mistral Santa Ana Sirocco Tramontana Zonda AIR WATER The dry and cool wind... affected by precipitation 26 SURFACE FACTORS WEATHER AND CLIMATE 27 The Land and the Ocean emperature distribution and, above all, temperature differences very much depend on the distribution of land and water surface Differences in specific heat moderate the temperatures of regions close to great masses of water Water absorbs heat and releases it more slowly than the land does, which is why a body of water... between the land and the sea are the cause of the coastal winds In clear weather, the land heats up during the day, which causes the air to rise rapidly and form a low-pressure zone This zone draws marine breezes WINDS OF THE MOUNTAINS AND VALLEYS 1 The Sun heats the soil of the valley and the surrounding air, which ascends by convection T 2 The air is cooled as it ascends, becomes more dense, and descends... CONTINENT The cool and humid air from the ocean blows toward the continent, which is quite hot and dry BARRIERS The humid winds are deflected toward the northeast by two mountain chains: the Himalayas and the Ghat mountains This zone enclosed by the mountains is the main one affected by the monsoons 2 30 SURFACE FACTORS WEATHER AND CLIMATE 31 Good Fortune and Catastrophe In June 2006 INDIA AND BANGLADESH...12 CLIMATOLOGY WEATHER AND CLIMATE 13 Atmospheric Dynamics he atmosphere is a dynamic system Temperature changes and the Earth's motion are responsible for horizontal and vertical air displacement Here the air of the atmosphere circulates between the poles and the Equator in horizontal bands within different latitudes Moreover, the characteristics of... Laos, and Thailand THE EFFECTS OF EL NIÑO 34-35 Southwest Asia, there are frequent typhoons and torrential rains during which millions of people lose their houses and must be relocated to more secure areas; however, they still run the risk of catching contagious diseases such as malaria The warm current of El Niño also affects the lives and the economy of millions of people 20 SURFACE FACTORS WEATHER AND. .. these rains The rains destroy harvests and property On June 16, 2006 Kerala ~212 DEATHS IN INDIA During the month of June 2006 Most of them were electrocuted by lightning during electrical storms 32 SURFACE FACTORS WEATHER AND CLIMATE 33 The Arrival of El Niño he hydrosphere and the atmosphere interact and establish a dynamic thermal equilibrium between the water and the air If this balance is altered,... by the water, and its moisture condenses into droplets The warm air traps the cooled air below it, near the surface High coastal landmasses prevent this type of fog from penetrating very far inland 46 METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA WEATHER AND CLIMATE 47 Brief Flash lectrical storms are produced in large cumulonimbus-type clouds, which typically bring heavy rains in addition to lightning and thunder The... branches broken Mobile homes ripped from their foundations Mobile homes destroyed, trees felled Roofs and walls demolished, cars and trains overturned Solidly built walls blown down Houses uprooted from their foundations and dragged great distances 54 METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA WEATHER AND CLIMATE 55 Death and Destruction Serious damage to houses f the 1,000 tornadoes that annually strike the United States,... 24 SURFACE FACTORS WEATHER AND CLIMATE 25 An Obstacle Course MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES he mountains are geographical features with a great influence on climate Winds laden with moisture collide with these vertical obstacles and have to rise up their slopes to pass over them During the ascent, the air discharges water in the form of precipitation on the windward sides, which are humid and have dense vegetation . 97 8-1 -5 933 9-7 9 7-5 International Standard Book Number (volume): 97 8-1 -5 933 9-8 0 1-9 Britannica Illustrated Science Library: Weather and Climate 2008 Printed in China w ww.britannica.com Weather. Characteristics Location Dry and mild Dry and warm Dry and cold Dry and hot Dry and cold Dry and cool Humid and mild Dry and cold Dry and hot Dry and hot Dry and cold Dry and mild Southwestern France South. HUMIDS Winds Winds WEATHER AND CLIMATE 25 ALBEDO -ENERGY ABSORBED - + 80% RECENT SNOW 75% THICK CLOUDS 50% LIGHT CLOUDS 3-5 % WATER (WHEN THE SUN IS HIGH) 25% WET SAND 15% ALBEDO OF MEADOWS 1. 7-1 4% FORESTS The