Heart Failure - part 1 ppsx

[...]... 30-Day Mortality Men Women Period 19 50 19 69 19 70 19 79 19 80 19 89 19 90 19 99 1- Year Mortality Men 5-Year Mortality Women Men Women (% [95% Confidence Interval]) 12 15 12 11 (4 19 ) (7–23) (5 18 ) (4 17 ) 18 16 10 10 (7–27) (6–24) (4 16 ) (3 15 ) 30 41 33 28 (18 –40) (29– 51) (23–42) (18 –36) 28 28 27 24 (16 –39) (17 –38) (17 –35) (14 –33) 70 75 65 59 (57–79) (65–83) (54–73) (47–68) 57 59 51 45 (43–67) (45–69) (39–60)... risk factors ᭤ Table 2 -1 Temporal trends in the age-adjusted incidence of heart failure Men Incidence of heart failure (rate /10 0,000 person year) Period ∗ 19 50 19 69 19 70 19 79 19 80 19 89 19 90 19 99 627 563 536 564 (475–779) (437–689) (448–623) (463–665) Women Rate ratio 1 0.87 (0.67 1. 14) 0.87 (0.67 1. 13) 0.93 (0. 71 1. 23) Incidence of heart failure (rate /10 0,000 person year) 420 311 298 327 (336–504) (249–373)... 4500 4500 4000 4000 3500 3500 3000 Women 6000 3000 2500 19 90 19 91 1992 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 2500 19 90 19 91 1992 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 Figure 2-6 Sex-specific trends in the number of hospitalizations for heart failure as the principal diagnosis and the number of patients who contributed to these (including those with a “first ever” hospitalization), 19 90 19 96 Ⅲ = total hospitalizations (principal diagnosis),... severe chronic heart failure Circulation 19 87;75:IV80–92 13 Sabbah HN, Sharov VG, Goldstein S Programmed cell death in the progression of heart failure Ann Med 19 98;30(suppl 1) :33–38 14 Francis GS Neurohumoral activation and progression of heart failure: hypothetical and clinical 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 considerations J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 19 98; 32(suppl 1) :S16–S 21 Poole-Wilson PA... United States, 19 91 19 98 JAMA 19 99;282 :15 19 15 22 18 Mokdad AH, Serdula MK, Dietz WH, et al The continuing epidemic of obesity in the United States JAMA 2000;284 :16 50 16 51 19 Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH Trends in waist circumference among U.S adults Obes Res 2003; 11 :12 23 12 31 20 Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al Diabetes trends in the U.S.: 19 90 19 98 Diabetes Care 2000;23 :12 78 12 83 21 He J, Ogden... American Heart Association Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics, 2005 [update] Available at: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3000090.) 14 ––––– HEART FAILURE: A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO TREATMENT Rate per 10 ,000 population 250 200 Age 65+ Age 45–64 15 0 10 0 50 0 19 70 19 75 19 80 19 85 19 90 19 95 Year Figure 2-5 Hospitalization rates for congestive heart failure by age, 19 71 19 94 (Adapted... heart failure: trends in case fatality in 66 547 patients hospitalized between 19 86 and 19 95 Circulation 2000 ;10 2 :11 26 11 31 36 Baker DW, Einstadter D, Thomas C, et al Mortality trends for 23,505 Medicare patients hospitalized with heart failure in Northeast Ohio, 19 91 to 19 97 Am Heart J 2003 ;14 6: 258–264 37 Lee DS, Mamdani MM, Austin PC, et al Trends in heart failure outcomes and pharmacotherapy: 19 92... itself will cause a 17 – 31% increase in the number of patients with HF between 2000 and 2020.2,27 The other two likely contributors to the rising prevalence rates are current trends in HF CHAPTER 2 THE EPIDEMIC OF HEART FAILURE –––– 13 80 Millions 60 40 20 0 19 00 19 10 19 20 19 30 19 40 19 50 19 60 19 70 19 80 19 90 2000 2 010 2020 2030 Year Figure 2-3 Census.) Growth of the elderly population, 19 00–2030 (Adapted... Surgical Approaches to Heart Failure This page intentionally left blank 2–––– HEART FAILURE: A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO TREATMENT ᭤ Table 1- 1 Definitions of heart failure 19 33 19 50 19 80 19 85 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 93 19 94 19 96 2005 A condition in which the heart fails to discharge its contents adequately (Lewis.) A state in which the heart fails to maintain an adequate circulation for the needs of the body despite... management, short- and long-term mortality rates remain alarmingly high Data from the Framingham Heart Study show that age-adjusted 30-day, 1- year, and 5-year mortality in HF patients from 19 90 to 19 99 were 10 13 %, 24–28%, and 45–59% respectively.5 A study from the Rochester Epidemiology Project reported lower 30-day (4–6%) and 6-month (17 – 21% ), but similar 5-year (46–50%) mortality during 19 96–2000.7 The . risk for heart failure Heart failure -All measures under Stages A and B -Dietary salt restriction -Diuretics for fluid retention -ACEI -b-blockers -Aldosterone antagonist -ARBs -Digitalis -Hydralazine/nitrates -Biventricular. Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary (update 2005). Eur Heart J. 2005;26 (11 ) :11 15 11 40.) Figure. Heart J. 19 87;58 :19 0–203. 9. Harris P. Evolution and the cardiac patient. Cardiovasc Res. 19 83 ;17 :437–445. 10 . Harris P. Evolution and the cardiac patient. Cardiovasc Res. 19 83 ;17 : 313 – 319 . 11 .