Thrombosis and thromboembolism - part 1 pptx

[...]... Laboratory Marie Gerhard-Herman 10 Antithrombotic Therapy During Coronary Intervention Jeffrey J Popma and Arman T Askari 11 Percutaneous Interventions for Obstructive Atherosclerotic Peripheral Arterial Disease Joseph H Garasic and Andrew C Eisenhauer 16 1 17 3 18 9 IV Venous Thromboembolism 12 Venous Thromboembolism: Clinical Impact and Multifactorial Etiology Samuel Z Goldhaber 211 13 Integrated Diagnostic... In particular, the elaboration of interleukin -1 (IL -1 ) (34–36), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (37–39), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (40, 41) augment the expression of adhesion molecules, as well as promote the oxidation and uptake of LDL (18 ,33) Simultaneously released mitogens, including platelet-derived growth factor, heparin-binding growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor, along with IL1 and. .. quartile of hs-CRP had a 2-fold increased risk of future stroke (RR 1. 9; 95% CI 1. 1– 3.3), a 3-fold higher risk of future MI (RR 2.9; 95% CI 1. 8–4.6) (12 4), and a 4-fold higher risk of developing severe peripheral arterial disease (RR 4 .1; 95% CI 1. 2–6.0) (12 8 ,13 7a ,13 7b) These risk estimates were not modified by smoking status and were independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, including total and HDL... ischemia (11 9) and infarction (12 0), as well as among individuals with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) (12 1) In a cross-sectional survey of 388 British men aged 50 to 69 recruited from general practice registers, Mendall and colleagues demonstrated a 1. 5-fold increase in the prevalence of CHD for each doubling in the levels of hs-CRP (95% CI, 1. 25 1. 92) (12 1) Nevertheless, such cross-sectional... involvement and thus have been hypothesized to directly stimulate coronary vasospasm (10 3) Figure 1 Inflammation and formation of the fatty streak Refer to text for details ICAM -1 , intercellular adhesion molecule 1; MCP -1 , monocyte chemotactic protein -1 ; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL, interleukin (From Ref 2.) 6 Morrow and Ridker As such, a substantial body of data implicate the participation... with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes, a markedly elevated hs-CRP at presentation ( 1. 55 mg/dL, 99th percentile of healthy controls) predicted higher Inflammation and Arterial Thrombosis 11 mortality by 14 days Moreover, measurement of hs-CRP added to the prognostic information offered by cardiac-specific troponin T (13 4) In an additional study using a similar cut-point of 1. 5 mg/dL, hs-CRP measured... High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Atherosclerosis, and Atherothrombosis 1 C-Reactive Protein CRP is a pentameric polypeptide initially described as a reactant to the somatic C-polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumonia (11 4) This acute-phase protein is Inflammation and Arterial Thrombosis 7 produced exclusively by hepatocytes in response to stimulation by inflammatory cytokines, primarily interleukin-6... establish a cause -and- effect relationship (12 2) For example, blood levels of hs-CRP have been found to increase with age, body-mass index, and tobacco use (12 1 ,12 3), as well as in response to myocardial tissue necrosis In contrast, prospective studies can control for such confounders and have been important in exploring the independent prognostic information offered by inflammatory markers 3 hs-CRP and the Risk... effects (16 1), as well as procoagulant actions (16 2 ,16 3) Levels of IL-6 are elevated in stable (10 9) and unstable ischemic heart disease (77) Among patients with unstable angina, increased levels of IL-6 appear to predict higher risk for early adverse outcomes (16 4) Further, baseline elevation of IL-6 has been associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality among high-functioning elderly men and women... molecule 1 (VCAM -1 ) , E-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM -1 ) (15 –20) interact with integrins on the surface of leukocytes to facilitate movement of inflammatory cells into the subendothelial space ( 21, 22) Concurrently, multiple chemoattractant substances, including thrombin, connective tissue degradation products, oxidized LDL, and specific molecules secreted by endothelial and smooth . Hemisphere Distribution Marcel Dekker AG Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812 , CH-40 01 Basel, Switzerland tel: 4 1- 6 1- 2 6 1- 8 482; fax: 4 1- 6 1- 2 6 1- 8 896 World Wide Web http://www.dekker.com The publisher offers. h0" alt="" ISBN: 0-8 24 7-0 64 6-3 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Headquarters Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10 016 tel: 21 2-6 9 6-9 000; fax: 21 2-6 8 5-4 540 Eastern Hemisphere. Arterial Disease 18 9 Joseph H. Garasic and Andrew C. Eisenhauer IV. Venous Thromboembolism 12 . Venous Thromboembolism: Clinical Impact and Multifactorial Etiology 211 Samuel Z. Goldhaber 13 . Integrated