This Page Intentionally Left Blank Index 1 Abrasive wear, B21.1 Acid treatment for oil refining, A2.2 Acidity of oil, checking, B6.3 Additives for oils, A2.6 Additives, checking levels, B6.3 Aerobic bacteria in oils, B7.1 Aerosol systems, A17.1 Aircompressor cylinder lubrication, A2.7, A13.4 Air filters, A28.3 Aluminium tin, A7.3 Anti-microbial: inhibitors, B7.1 procedures, B7.2 Anti-oxidants in oils, A1.2 Anti-seize compounds, A5.5 Anti-sludge holes incouplings, A11.2 Antimony trioxide, A5.3 Ash content of oil, checking, B6.3 Bacterial problems in oils, B7.1 Baffles and weirs in tanks, A20.1 Ball nut lubrication, A17.2 Ball-bearing lubrication, A8.2 Barium difluoride, A5.1 Bath lubrication of bearings, A8.5 Bath tub curve, B10.2 Bearing materials for high temperature use, A30.2 Bearings, see Plain bearings; Rolling bearings Biocides, B7.2 Biological deterioration of lubricants, B7.1 Bonded coatings, A5.1 Brake problems: crazing, B16.1 fade, B16.2 grab, B16.2 heat spotting, B16.1 metal pick-up, B16.2 scoring, B16.1 strip braking, B16.2 Brine, viscosity, A6.2 Bulk modulus of oils, A3.1, A3.2 Burnished films, A5.1, A5.2 solid lubricants, A5.1, A5.2, A5.3 By-pass filtration, A22.3 Calcium difluoride, A5.1 Calenders, lubrication, A19.1 Cams and followers: lubrication, A17.2 running in, A27.1 Capillary tube flow rates, A24.7 Centrifugal pumps in lubrication systems, A21.3 Centrifugal separation, A22.4 Centrifuging limit for oils in couplings, A11.2 Chain drives, lubrication, A1.1, A13.4, A17.4 Chemical effects on materials, A31.1 Circulation systems, A19.1 Cleaning and sterilising oil systems, B7.2 Clutch problems: band crushing, B16.3 bond failure, B16.3 burst failure, B16.3 dishing, B16.3 distortion, B16.4 grooving, B16.4 material transfer, B16.3 waviness, B16.3 Coatings, A5.1 Commission lubrication systems, A26.1 Compressors, lubrication, A2.7, A13.4 Condition monitoring: benefits, B2.4 introducing condition monitoring, B2.2 monitoring methods, B2.1 problems, B2.3 setting up, B2.3 Consistency of grease, A4.3 Contaminants in oils, A2.6, A7.2, A31.1 Control valves for lubrication systems, A24.2 Conveyor chain lubrication, A17.2 Coolers, selection and operation, A20.2, A23.3, A25.2 Copper lead, A7.3 Corrosion resistant materials, A31.1 Corrosive atmospheres, A28.3 Corrosive fluids, A31.1 Cost of oils, A3.1, A3.2 Couplings, lubrication, A11.1, A11.2, A13.4 Cryogenic temperatures, lubrication, A30.4 Cutting oils, A2.3 Cylinder problems: bore polishing, B14.4 bore scuffing, B14.5 cavitation erosion, B14.5 wear, B14.4, B14.5 Cylinders and liners running in, A27.1 De-aeration screens, A20.2 De-asphalting in oil refining, A2.2 De-waxing in oil refining, A2.2 Density of oils, A2.5, A3.1, A3.2 Derv, viscosity, A6.4 Di-ester oils, A3.2 Diesel engines, lubrication, A2.7 Diesel fuel, viscosity, A6.4 Differential pressure switches, A25.3 Dilution of oils by petroluem gases, A29.2, A31.1 Dip splash systems, A18.1 Dip-sticks, A25.2 Dispersions: anti-stick agents, A5.5 parting agents, A5.5 Dissolved gases in oils, A29.2 Double-line oil systems, A19.3 Drainage points and access on tanks, A20.2 Drip feeds, A7.1, A8.5 Dust contamination, A28.3 Dynamic viscosity of oils, A2.3, A2.5, A7.3 grades, A2.4, A13.3 Earth treatment in oil refining, A2.2 Engine oil consumption, A27.2 Engine oils, A2.3 Extreme pressure lubricants, A7.3 Failure analysis: cause of failure, B10.1 investigating failures, B10.1 Failure patterns: availability, B10.1 causes of failure, B10.1 maintainability, B10.1 reliability, B10.1 repetitive failures, B10.1 Falex test, A5.3 Fatigue life of rope, A10.1 Ferrography, A27.3, B5.2 Filter efficiency curves, A22.2 Filters and centrifuges, A22.1 Filtration methods, A22.1 Flash point of oils, A2.5, A3.1, A3.2 Flexible coupling lubrication, A11.2 Flexible hoses for grease systems, A15.4 Flow switches, A25.3 Foaming of oils, B6.2 Food processing machine lubricants, A2.7 Fretting problems: basic mechanics, B18.1 prevention, B18.2 Fuel oil viscosity, A6.5 Full-flow filtration, A22.2, A22.3, A25.2 Fungi in lubricants, B7.1 Gas oil, viscosity, A6.5 Gear failures: abrasive wear, B13.5 case exfoliation, B13.1 chemical wear, B13.3 cracking of worms, B13.8 dedendum attrition, B13.3 fatigue fracture, B13.7 initial pitting, B13.1 micro-pitting, B13.3 plastic deformation, B13.8 plastic gears, B13.8 progressive pitting, B13.2 scuffing, B13.4 tooth breakage, B13.6 Gear pumps, A21.3 Gear lubrication: lubricants, A1.1, A2.3, A2.7 lubrication: gearboxes, A9.1, A14.4, A19.2 open gears, A9.2, A13.4 running in, A27.1, A27.4 spur and bevel gears, A17.4, A18.1 worm gears, A17.2, A18.2 Index 2 Gland and seal lubrication, A13.4 Graphite, A5.1 Gravity feed lubrication systems, A19.3 Grease lubrication, A7.1, A8.2 Grease pressures in systems, A15.2 Grease relief valves, A8.3 Grease systems, A15.1, A16.1 Grease types: aluminium complex, A4.1 calcium, A4.1, A8.2 calcium EP, A8.2 clay based, A4.1 ester, A4.2 lithium, A4.1, A8.2 lithium EP, A8.2 lithium complex, A4.1 silicone, A4.2 sodium, A8.2 Grease, pipe-flow calculations for, A15.3 Grease, selection of, A4.3 Grease, temperature limits, A1.3 Hand oiling of bearings, A7.1 Hardness: Brinell hardness, C2.1 Rockwell hardness, C2.1 Vickers hardness, C2.1 Header tanks, A25.3 Heat transfer fluids, viscosity, A6.3 Heaters and coolers, A20.2, A23.1 Hermetically sealed refrigerators, A2.7 High pressure effects, A29.1 High temperature effects, A30.1 High vacuum lubricants, A29.3 Hinges, A1.1 Hot hardness, A30.3 Hydraulic oils, A2.3 Hydraulic systems, A13.4 Hydrotreating for oil refining, A2.2 Industrial process temperatures, A28.1 Instrument pivots, A1.1 Isentropic secant bulk modulus of oils, A2.5 Kerosene, viscosity, A6.4 Kilns, lubrication, A19.1 Kinematic viscosity, A7.3 Kinematic viscosity index of oils, A2.5 Kinematic viscosity of oils, A2.3 Lead oxide, A5.1 Lead phosphite, A5.3 Lead sulphate, A5.1 Lead-bronze, A7.3 Level gauges, A20.2, A25.2 Level switches, A25.2 Linear roller bearings, A12.1 Lobe pumps, A21.3 Loss coefficients in pipes, A24.7 Low temperature effects, A5.4 Lubricant, change periods and tests, B6.1 Lubricant analysis: off-line analysis techniques, B5.9 techniques for various types of machine, B5.9 Lubrication by oil mist: nozzle sizes, A17.2 pipe sizes, A17.2 Lubrication maintenance planning, A13.1 Machine tools, lubrication, A2.7, A19.2 Maintenance methods: breakdown maintenance, B1.2, B1.3 condition-based maintenance, B1.2, B1.3 mean time between failures, B1.2, B1.3 opportunistic maintenance, B1.2 preventive maintenance, B1.2, B1.3 reliability centred maintenance, B1.5 total productive maintenance, B1.5 Mechanical seals: failure mechanisms, B15.1 starting torque, B15.2 Microbial infection of lubricants, B7.1, B7.2 Mineral ores, A2.1 Mist systems, A17.1 Molybdenum disulphide, A5.1, A5.3 Molybdenum trioxide, A5.1 Multi-point lubricators, A19.1 Neutralisation value of oils, A2.5 Nylon tube sizes, A15.4 Oil coolers, A23.2 Oil emulsions, B7.1 Oil grooves in plain bearings, A7.4 Oil heaters, A23.1 Oil life, A2.6 Oil mist, A8.5, A17.1 Oil pumps, selection, A21.1 Orifice plates, A19.6 Ostwald coefficients, A29.2 Oxidation inhibitors, B6.3 Packed glands: failure mechanisms, B15.5 Paper machines, lubrication, A19.1 Particle impingement, A5.1 Particle sizes: contaminants, A28.3 filters, A22.1 Performance monitoring: monitoring of fixed components, B8.1 monitoring of machines and systems, B8.3 monitoring of moving components, B8.2 temperature limits, B3.1 Petrol viscosity, A6.4 Pipe material selection, A24.1 Pipe size determination, A15.4, A24.4 Piping design, A24.1 Piston problems: crown damage, B14.1 internal cracking, B14.2 misalignment, B14.2 skirt scratching, B14.1 skirt seizure, B14.1 Piston ring problems: ring sticking, B14.3 scuffing, B14.2, B14.3 Piston rings: running in, A27.1 Plain bearing failures: bad bonding, B11.7 cavitation erosion, B11.3 corrosion, B11.4 dirty assembly, B11.6 electrical discharge, B11.5 excessive interference, B11.2 fatigue, B11.1 faulty assembly, B11.6 foreign matter, B11.1 fretting, B11.2 inadequate lubrication, B11.7 incorrect journal grinding, B11.7 misalignment, B11.2 overheating, B11.6 thermal cycling, B11.6 wiping, B11.1 wire wool damage, B11.5 Plain bearing lubrication: hydrodynamic, A1.1, A7.1, A14.4, A27.1, A27.5, A31.4 hydrostatic, A24.3, A27.1 journal, A1.1, A7.1, A7.4, A17.2, A17.4, A27.5 porous metal, A27.1 rubbing, A14.4, A27.1 thrust, A7.1, A27.1 Planned lubrication, A13.1 Plunger-type oil lubricators, A19.1 Polyimides, A5.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene, A5.1 Polyurethanes, A5.1 Positive-split oil systems, A19.2 Pour point of oils, A1.2, A2.5 Power stations, lubrication, A19.4 Pressure control valve, A25.3 Pressure gauges, A25.2 Pressure losses per unit length in pipes, A24.5 Pressure switches, A25.2 Pressure viscosity coefficient, A2.3, A2.5 Pressure-drop calculations, A24.3 Printing machines, lubrication, A19.2 Protective devices, A25.2 Pumping grease, A15.5 Pumps oil, A21.2, A25.1 Rack and pinion lubrication, A17.2 Rationalisation of lubricants, A13.3 Record cards for lubrication, A13.5 Refrigerants, viscosity, A6.2 Relative humidity in industry, A28.2 Relief-valves, A21.2, A25.3 Index 3 Relubrication of ball and roller bearings, A8.3 Repair of friction surfaces: attaching friction material, B23.1 methods of working and finishing, B23.3 precautions during relining, B23.2 Repair of plain bearings: bond testing, B22.4 centrifugal lining, B22.3 pouring temperatures, B22.4 preparation, B22.1 replacement shells, B22.5 static lining, B22.2 tinning, B22.1 whitemetals, B22.4 Repair of worn surfaces: characteristics of surfacing processes, B20.5, B20.7 choice of coating material, B20.12 choice of process, B20.2 coating materials available, B20.9, B20.11 electroplated coatings, B20.13 examples of successful repairs, B20.14 guidance on the choice of process, B20.8 surfacing processes, B20.3, B20.4 Reynolds No., A24.6 Ring oiled bearings, A7.1 Roll-neck bearing lubrication, A8.2 Roller chain lubrication, A9.2, A17.2 Rolling bearing failures: abrasive wear, B12.4 bruising, B12.1 corrosion, B12.1 damaged rollers, B12.3 false brinelling, B12.1 fatigue, B12.1 fracture, B12.3 fretting, B12.2 grease failure, B12.4 magnetic damage, B12.3 misalignment, B12.2 overheating, B12.4 roller breakage, B12.3 uneven wear, B12.3 washboard marking, B12.4 Rolling bearing lubrication: lubricants, A1.1, A4.4, A8.1, A8.2 lubrication systems, A14.4, A17.2, A17.4 Route cards for lubrication, A13.5 Rubber seals: extrusion, B15.4 failure mechanisms, B15.3 fluid incompatibility, B15.3 overheating, B15.3 wear, B15.4 Running-in additive in fuel, A27.3 Running-in procedures, A27.1 Screw pumps, A21.3 Screws, lubrication, A14.4 Seals, running in, A27.5 Self-contained oil systems, A19.4 Shape tolerances: bearing tolerances, C4.2 shaft tolerances, C4.2 Shear rate effects on viscosity, A1.3 SI units and conversion factors: conversion factors, C5.1 SI units, C5.1 Silica, A5.1 Silicate ester or disiloxane, A3.1 Silicone, A1.2 Silver, A7.3 Slide bearings: lubrication, A1.1, A12.1, A13.4, A14.3, A17.2 hydrostatic, A12.1 Sludges, B6.1 Solid lubricants, A5.1 Solvent extraction for oil refining, A2.2 Splash lubrication, A8.5, A17.1 Spontaneous ignition of oils, A3.1, A3.2 Spray lubrication, A9.1 Steam and gas turbines lubrication, A2.7 Steam engine cylinder lubrication, A2.7 Steelworks lubrication, A19.4 Storage of components, A8.2 Storage tanks, design, A20.1 Storing grease, A15.5 Surface films in high vacuum, A29.4 Surface finish and topography: cylindricity, C3.5 flatness, C3.5 peak to valley height, C3.4 roundness, C3.4 straightness, C3.5 surface bearing area, C3.4 surface height distribution, C3.4 surface measurement, C3.6 Survey of plant, A13.1 Synthetic oil types: chlorinated diphenyls, A3.1 esters, A1.2 fluorocarbon, A3.1 inhibited esters, A3.2 methyl silicones, A3.2 perfluorinated polyethers, A3.2 phenyl methyl silicones, A3.2 phosphate esters, A1.2, A3.2, A29.3 polyglycols, A3.2 polyphenyl ethers, A1.2–A3.1 Tantalum disulphide, A5.1 Temperature control valves, A25.3 Temperature limitations of liquid lubricants, A1.2, A1.3, A30.1 Temperatures in industrial processes, A28.1 Terotechnology, B1.5 Thermal capacity of oils, A2.5, A3.1, A3.2 Thermal conductivity of oils, A2.5, A3.1, A3.2 Thermal decomposition and stability of oils, A2.6, A27.5 Thermometers, A25.3 Timken test for coatings, A5.3 Tin-base white metal, A7.3 Total acid number, A2.5 Toxicity of oils, A3.1, A3.2 Transmission and axle lubricants, A9.2 Tungsten disulphide, A5.1 Turbine oils, A2.3 Vacuum deposition, A5.1 Vacuum, operation, A29.1 Valve lubrication, A13.4 Vane pumps, A21.3 Ventilators, A20.2 Vibration monitoring: Cepstrum analysis, B4.2 discrete frequency monitoring, B4.2, B4.5 Kurtosis measurement, B4.2 overall level, B4.2, B4.3, B4.4 shock pulse monitoring, B4.2 signal averaging, B4.2, B4.6 signal generation, B4.1 signal transmission, B4.2 spectral analysis, B4.2, B4.4 Viscosity index, A2.1 Viscosity of liquids, A6.1 Viscosity of lubricants: cone-and-plate viscometer, C1.4 dynamic viscosity, C1.1 kinematic viscosity, C1.1 non-Newtonian lubricants, C1.4 viscosity conversion factors, C1.1 viscosity of lubricating oils, A2.5, A3.1, A3.2, C1.3 viscosity measurement, C1.4 viscosity variation with pressure, C1.2 Visual examination of used lubricating oil, B6.2 Warning and protection devices, A25.1 Water glycol, viscosity, A6.6 Water in oil emulsion, viscosity, A6.6 Wear debris generation, A27.3 Wear debris monitoring: atomic absorption spectroscopy, B5.2 atomic emission spectroscopy, B5.2 cutting wear debris, B5.2 debris from filters, B5.3 ferrography, B5.2 monitoring methods, B5.2 plasma emission spectroscopy, B5.2 problems detected by wear debris analysis, B5.7, B5.8 rolling fatigue wear debris, B5.5 rolling and sliding water debris, B5.5 rotary particle depositor, B5.2 rubbing wear debris, B5.4 severe sliding wear debris, B5.6 sources of materials found, B5.3 wear debris shapes, B5.4 X-ray fluorescence, B5.2 Wear limits: ball and roller bearings, B9.1 plain bearings, B9.1 Index 4 Wear resistant materials: attachment of replaceable components, B21.3 cast irons, B21.5 cast steels, B21.6 hardfacing rods and electrodes, B21.8 material selection, B21.2 non-metallic materials, B21.9 rolled steels, B21.6 typical performance, B21.4 wear resistant coatings for steel, B21.7 Weibull analysis, B10.3 Weibull probability graph paper, B10.4 Wick feeds and lubricators, A7.1 Wire rope deterioration: corrosion, B17.2 deterioration at terminations, B17.2 external fatigue, B17.1 external wear, B17.1 internal damage, B17.2 mechanical damage, B17.1 Wire rope inspection: dressings, B17.3 frequency, B17.3 special tools, B17.3 wire rope maintenance, B17.3 Wire rope lubrication, A10.1 Wire rope lubrication system selection, A14.1 Wire rope replacement criteria: broken wires, B17.4 change in diameter, B17.4 Worm gears, A9.1, A17.4 Woven wire mesh filters, A22.2 Yeasts, B7.1 . problems: crown damage, B14.1 internal cracking, B14.2 misalignment, B14.2 skirt scratching, B14.1 skirt seizure, B14.1 Piston ring problems: ring sticking, B14.3 scuffing, B14.2, B14.3 Piston rings: running. lubrication, A11.1, A11.2, A13.4 Cryogenic temperatures, lubrication, A30.4 Cutting oils, A2.3 Cylinder problems: bore polishing, B14.4 bore scuffing, B14.5 cavitation erosion, B14.5 wear, B14.4,. A2.2 Splash lubrication, A8.5, A17.1 Spontaneous ignition of oils, A3.1, A3.2 Spray lubrication, A9.1 Steam and gas turbines lubrication, A2.7 Steam engine cylinder lubrication, A2.7 Steelworks lubrication,