EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS - CHAPTER 11 ppsx

11 ©2000 CRC Press LLC Research Sources and Resources MANUALS USED BY HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE PERSONNEL A manual, guidebook, or handbook may be used by first responders during the initial stages of a hazardous materials incident. First responders or hazardous mate- rials response teams (HMRTs) may obtain chemical information from computer software, an emergency center, poison control centers, physicians, toxicologists, chemists, or from Material Safety Data Sheets. However, chemical response manuals such at the following are often carried on the response vehicle. Many HMRTs require in their standard operating guidelines that at least three research sources agree on the actions to take when responding to a specific chemical or agent. Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101; 800-344-3555 Includes information on fire hazards properties (Section 325) and hazardous chemical data (Section 49). NFPA Hazardous Materials Response Handbook National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101; 800-344-3555 Contains text and commentary on the following NFPA /ANSI standards: 471 — Recommended Practice for Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents, 472 — Standards for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents, and 473 — Competencies for EMS Personnel Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents. This handbook also includes sections on how to start a Haz Mat team, the national response team’s Haz Mat emergency planning guide, the Sacramento protocol for Haz Mat response, chemical compatibility of protective clothing, and decontamination procedures. North American Emergency Response Guidebook Developed by U.S. Department of Transportation, Transport Canada, and the Sec- retariat of Transport and Communications of Mexico. In the United States, response personnel should be given the new edition free-of-charge, but it will also be available from commercial suppliers. It contains information on shipping documents, identi- fication and safety precautions, the hazard classification system, protective actions, protective clothing, fire and spill control, and isolation/protective action distances. It also contains 172 guides for different classes of chemicals that provide information on potential hazards, public safety, and emergency response. ©2000 CRC Press LLC Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation Bureau of Explosives Publications, P.O. Box 1020, Sewickley, PA 15143; 412-741-1096; 412-741-0609 (Fax) Designed for first responders, this manual was updated in 1998. It provides commodity-specific descriptions and response information for all the U.S. Depart- ment of Transportation-listed hazardous materials and for many specifically named chemicals transported under a generic DOT description. Materials regulated only by Canada and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are also included. Over 3600 individual regulated chemicals are covered. Features of this manual include: basic properties of the listed chemicals; recommended methods of dealing with the hazardous materials in the early stages of an emergency; a listing of emergency environmental mitigation procedures; first aid information; suggested chemical compatible protective equipment for some of the commodities. Emergency Action Guides Bureau of Explosives Publications, P.O. Box 1020, Sewickley, PA 15143; 412-741-1096; 412-741-0609 (Fax) The purpose of the Hazardous Materials Emergency Action Guides is to provide detailed information about the hazardous materials commodities most frequently carried by rail transport. Each of the 134 guides provides 6 pages of basic data for about 98% of the total volume of hazardous materials carried by rail. NOISH Pocket Guide To Chemical Hazards (NIOSH Publication No. 78-210) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402; 202-512-1803 This manual is a source of general industrial hygiene and medical surveillance information for 397 individual chemicals or chemical types found in the work environment. CHRIS (Chemical Hazards Response Information System) Developed by the U.S. Coast Guard and available through: U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402; 202-512-1803 Although the CHRIS system is composed of four separate manuals, only Manual 2.2 — Hazardous Chemical Data — is of interest here. Manual 2.2 lists the specific chemical, physical, and biological data for 1000 chemicals. Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing Kluwer Academic Publishing, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061; 781-871-6600 Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents (Volume I, Emergency Medical Services), Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents (Volume II, Hospital Emergency Departments), ©2000 CRC Press LLC Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents (Volume III, Medical Management Guidelines for Acute Chemical Exposure) Information Center, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, NE (E57) Atlanta, GA 30333; 888-422-8737 or 404-639-6360 Volume I includes information on emergency medical services response, with sections on hazard recognition, principles of toxicology, personal protection and safety principles, assessment, decon, treatment, transport, planning, and more. Vol- ume II contains specific information for emergency department response to hazard- ous materials incidents. Volume III is a guide for health care professionals and outlines medical management for acute chemical exposures. THE INTERNET In the past, training and response information about nuclear/biological/chemical (NBC) materials was strictly the purview of the military. For years, such information was restricted as it contained technical or operational information for official gov- ernment agency use only. The Tokyo subway incident, the bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City, the destruction of the federal office building in Oklahoma City, and other terrorist incidents within the United States caused the government to change its methods of handling NBC information making it more available to response personnel. Hazardous materials response teams, trainers, and consultants should be aware that previously “secret” NBC information dealing with use, epidemiology, sampling, identification, defense, detection, protective equipment, decontamination, treatment, and mass casualty management is now available from government agencies, indus- try, commercial firms, and private interests on the Internet. Listed below are some of the websites that provide military field manuals, information on chemical and biological substances, and assistance to first responders and Haz Mat teams. ACDA Homepage http://www.acda.gov/ Home page of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Provides information on nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons and threats they pose. American Chemical Society http://www.acs.org The producer of the world’s largest and most comprehensive databases of chemical information. ©2000 CRC Press LLC American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) http://www.acgih.org Publications, events, leadership, links, classified, etc. American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) http://www.aiha.org Frequently asked questions (FAQ) about industrial hygiene and AIHA, consumer information, calendar, laboratory and scientific information, site index, etc. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) http://www.ansi.org Provides national and international standards-related activities regarding ANSI, standards information, conformity assessment, events, news, reference library, searches, databases, etc. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) http://www.ia-usa.org/K0043.htm A voluntary group in which members devise consensus standards for materials characterization and use, ASTM Standards, etc. ASTM provides a forum for pro- ducers, users, ultimate consumers, and others to write standards for materials, products, systems, and services. The society publishes standard test measures, spec- ifications, practices, and guides. This site includes sub-sites for what’s new, national, geographic, product, stage, FAQ, glossary, participation, and search. Biological and Toxic Weapons Verification Program (Federation of American Scientists) http://www.fas.org/bwc Briefing papers, negotiations, associated issues, project papers, biological weapons, conventions, links, etc. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) http://www.ccohs.ca Products and services, Canadian Centre INFOweb, occupational safety and health answers, education and training, about CCOSH, Internet directory, 100,000 Material Safety Data Sheets, etc. ©2000 CRC Press LLC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov About CDC, data and statistics, funding, health topics A-Z, in the news, other sites/links, publications/software/products, training and education, travelers’ health, etc. Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center http://www.cbiacarmy.mil/index.html The CBIAC operated by Battelle Memorial Institute is a Department of Defense (DOD) information analysis center. Established in 1986, the CBIAC serves as the DOD focal point for information related to chemical warfare and chemical and biological defense (CW/CBD) technology. The main interests of CBIAC are chem- ical and physical properties of CW/CBD materials, chemical identification, combat effectiveness, counter proliferation, counter terrorism, decontamination, domestic preparedness, environmental fate and effects, force protection, medical effects and treatment, toxicology, warning and identification, nuclear/biological/chemical sur- vivability, demilitarization, manufacturing processes for NBC defense systems, etc. The center collects, reviews, analyzes, synthesizes, and otherwise treats information pertaining to chemical and biological warfare. Links to many other related sites. Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Project (The Henry L. Stimson Center) http://www.stimson.org/cwc/bwagent.htm This page is a clearinghouse for information on nonproliferation. It comprises a home page, about us, what’s new, search, publications, projects, etc. Counterproliferation/Chemical and Biological Defense http://www.acq.osd.mil/cp Homepage of the Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Counterprolif- eration/Chemical and Biological Defense. Includes summary of activities, the Pen- tagon’s Chemical and Biological Defense Program, and downloadable reports. Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) http://www.cmahq.com CMA home page, Responsible Care ® , about CMA, what’s new, publications, com- pliance center, workshops/seminars, news and information, issue advocacy, CHEMTREC ® , CHEMSTAR ® , ChemEcology, and health research. ©2000 CRC Press LLC Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency http://www.darpa.mil/ This home page of DARPA describes basic and applied research and development projects being performed for the Defense Department. Provides a link to Biological Warfare Defense Program. Defense Special Weapons Agency http://www.dna.mil Provides information on the agency’s mission, director, programs, and the Defense Nuclear Weapons School. Dugway Proving Ground http://www.dugway.army.mil/ Homepage of the U.S. Dugway Proving Ground, location of many field tests of chem/bio defense equipment. Also contains historical, chemical, and biological warfare information. Emergency Net News http://www.emergency.com/ennday.htm Provides emergency news from around the world. Hanford Nuclear Site http://www.handford.gov/ The U.S. Department of Energy’s plutonium production complex covering 560 square miles in Washington state is the world’s largest environmental cleanup project (includes Hanford homepage page, site information, programs, opportunities, public involvement, resource center, what’s new, etc.). Harvard Sussex Program on CBW Armament http://fas-www.harvard.edu/~hsp/ Promotes the global elimination of chemical and biological weapons. Health of Chemical-Biological Defense in the U.S. Military (A White paper by the NBC Industry Group) http://www.nbcindustrygroup.com/white.htm ©2000 CRC Press LLC Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratories http://www.inel.gov/ About INEEL, engineering and science, environment, national programs, and oppor- tunities. The International Tanker Owners’ Pollution Federation (ITOPF) http://www.itopf.com The ITOPF homepage deals with information on response strategies, historical data on oil spills, fate and effects of oil spills, planning for oil spills, compensation schemes, cleanup techniques, and other factors. Medical Radiological Defense http://www.afrri.usuhs.mil/ Provides information on medical radiobiological research and education activities of the Armed Forces Radiobiological Research Institute. Medical Research and Materiel Command http://140.139.42.108/home.html Provides information on medical, chemical, and biological defense research pro- grams and more. National Emergency Management Association (NEMA) http://www.nemaweb.org NEMA is a professional association of state and pacific Caribbean insular state emergency management directors seeking to provide leadership and expertise in comprehensive emergency management, to serve as a vital information and assis- tance resource for state and territorial directors and their governors, and to forge strategic partnerships to advance continuous improvements in emergency manage- ment. NEMA’s homepage has sub-sites for committees, conference, membership, state contacts, file library, forum, and feedback. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) http://www.NFPA.org Information on fire investigations, Oklahoma federal building bombing, hazardous materials and chemical protective clothing standards, training materials and equip- ment, etc. ©2000 CRC Press LLC National Institutes of Health (NIH) http://www.nih.gov Contains a welcome message, news and events, health information, funding oppor- tunities, scientific resources, links, publications, and information for employees. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh Publications, databases, topic index, health hazard evaluations, training, state activ- ities, extramural programs, what’s new, conferences, press releases, Federal Register notices, highlights, about NIOSH, employment and fellowships, and links. National Library of Medicine http://www.nlm.nih.gov The world’s largest medical library provides health information through MED- LINE/MEDLINEplus, library services with catalog, databases, publications, train- ing/grants, research programs, announcements, exhibits, hot topics, and general information. National Response Center http://www.nrc.uscg.mil/ The National Response Center is the sole federal point of contact for reporting oil and chemical spills by telephoning 1-800-424-8802. On its homepage, you can view NRC information, how to report a spill, legislative requirements, Chemical/Biolog- ical Hotline, using NRC data, statistics, organization, links, monthly briefing, man- agement, webmaster, and NRT/EPA/U.S. Coast Guard Internet homepages. National Safety Council (NSC) http://www.nsc.org The NSC distributes CAMEO software and provides technical support for this system which integrates a chemical database, emergency response information, an air dispersion model and local maps with a data management capability. CAMEO is the predominant chemical response software for firefighters and other first responders. Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/ This website can provide hazardous materials responders with valuable data and information. NOAA scientists assigned to the Hazardous Materials Response and ©2000 CRC Press LLC Assessment Division (NOAA HAZMAT) respond to dozens of oil spills and other hazardous materials releases each year, help emergency planners prepare for poten- tial accidents, and create software and other products to assist people in responding to hazardous materials incidents. They provide two collections of materials of interest to Haz Mat responders, Aids for Oil Spill Responders and Aids for Chemical Accident Responders. Especially helpful is the Chemical Reactivity Worksheet— a free program you can download and use to find out about the reactivity of chemicals. It contains a database of over 4000 common hazardous chemicals and includes a way for you to virtually “mix” chemicals to find out what dangers could arise from accidental mixing. NOAA provides information on how to acquire any aids avail- able. North Carolina Emergency Management Division http://www.dem.dec.state.nc.us State Emergency Response Commission, regional Haz Mat teams, etc. Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Industry Group http://www.erols.com/nbcgroup/ Homepage of the NBC Industry Group, an association of organizations supporting NBC defense, domestic preparedness, and the Chemical Weapons Convention. Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons http://www.opcw.nl/chemhaz/nerve.htm Information, documents, the Chemical Weapons Convention, fact-finding files, links, a complete report on nerve agents, etc. Outbreak — Chemical and Biological Agents Internet http://www.outbreak.org/cgi-unreg/dynaserve.exe/cb/index.html Chemical and biological agents (dengue, Ebola, hantavirus, plague, smallpox, sta- phylococcus, yellow fever, etc.), FAQ, active and historical outbreaks, resource center, reading list, etc. Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization http://www-pmcd.apgea.army.mil/ Provides information on the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program, the Non-Stock- pile Chemical Material Program, the Alternative Technology Program, the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program, and the Cooperative Threat Reduction Office. ©2000 CRC Press LLC The PTS-OPCW-PrepCom Homepage http://www.opcw.nl/ The homepage for the Provisional Technical Secretariat, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Convention. Provides detailed information about the treaty and more. Safety Equipment Institute (SEI) http://www.seinet.gov The SEI has adopted new testing procedures for chemical and biological terrorists- incident protective clothing used by emergency responders. The new criteria include meeting the requirements for inward leakage using a chemical surrogate that mimics penetration of biological agents into protective ensembles. Ensembles must also meet minimum protective levels against cyanogen chloride, lewisite, sarin, sulfur mustard, and V-agent. This site features the following sub-sites: about SEI, board of directors, certified products list, suppliers, standards and testing agencies, news releases, SEI staff, and related links. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry — Haz Mat (ATSDR) http://atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg.html “Medical Management Guideline for Acute Chemical Exposures” was developed by ATSDR to aid emergency department physicians and other emergency healthcare personnel to manage acute exposures resulting from chemical incidents, to decon- taminate patients, to protect themselves and others from contamination, to commu- nicate with other involved personnel, to transport patients to a medical facility, and to provide competent medical evaluation and treatment to exposed persons. Selected chemicals include benzene, formaldehyde, phosgene, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, xylene, arsine, methyl bromide, and others. U.S. Army Chemical School http:www.mcclellan.army.mil/ Homepage for Fort McClellan, AL. Provides information on the U.S. Army Chem- ical School at Fort McClellan, one of the most advanced and sophisticated training centers for chemical and biological defense. The U.S. Army Medical Department and School http://www.armymedicine.army.mil/armymed/ Provides extensive information about the Army’s medical department. Includes information on doctrine development and the use of medical products for victims of weapons of mass destruction. [...]... Community R.T.K Act (EPCRA): 1-8 0 0-4 2 4-9 346 Environmental Justice Hotline: 1-8 0 0-9 6 2-6 215 Hazardous Waste Ombudsman: 1-8 0 0-2 6 2-7 937 ©2000 CRC Press LLC National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health: (NIOSH Hotline) 1-8 0 0-3 5 6-4 674 National Pesticide Telecommunication Network: 1-8 0 0-8 5 8-7 378 National Response Center CB Hotline: (24-hour hotline for use in reporting oil spills, chemical spills, pipeline... information about DOT, news and happenings, dockets/rules/references, doing business with DOT, programs and initiatives, technology matters, Y2K, etc TELEPHONE HOTLINES Chemical Emergency Preparedness Hotline: (CERCLA; SARA Title III) 1-8 0 0-5 3 5-0 202 Chemical Transportation Emergency Center: (CHEMTREC 24 hour, emergency only) 1-8 0 0-4 2 4-9 300 Domestic Preparedness CB Helpline: 1-8 0 0-3 6 8-6 498 Emergency Planning... incidents, and terrorist actions or releases) 1-8 0 0-4 2 4-8 802 Occupational Health and Safety Administration Hotline: (OSHA 24-hour hotline) 1-8 0 0-3 2 1-6 742 U.S Department of Transportation Hotline: (Questions on regulation) 1-2 0 2-3 6 6-4 488 U.S Environmental Protection Agency RCRA Hotline: (Superfund, Hazardous Waste) 1-8 0 0-4 2 4-9 346 U.S Environmental Protection Agency Small Business Hotline: Toxic Substances... community support and grants, fugitives and missing persons, and justice for kids and youth ©2000 CRC Press LLC U.S National Response Team (U.S NRT) http://www.nrt.org Containing preparedness and response links, the National Response Center is the sole federal point for reporting the release of oil or hazardous chemicals, including chemical and biological agents, into U.S waterways and environment U.S... prepare for chemical emergencies, to respond to environmental crises, and to inform the public about chemical hazards in their community It deals with accident investigation histories, links to other websites, prevention, preparation, response, counterterrorism, laws and regulations, databases and software, search, emergency planning, and Y2K U.S Environmental Protection Agency (U.S EPA) Emergency Response. .. researchers and scientists, small business/industry, state/local/tribal, about EPA, projects and programs, other resources, news and events, laws and regulations, databases and software, money matters, and publications U.S Environmental Protection Agency (U.S EPA) Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention http://www.epa.gov/swercep EPA’s CEPPO provides leadership, advocacy, and assistance to prevent and. .. research to develop strategies, products, information, procedures, and training programs for medical defense against biological warfare threats It is the lead medical research laboratory for the U.S biological defense research program ©2000 CRC Press LLC U.S Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command (SBCCOM) http://www.sbccom.army.mil/ Contains information about SBCCOM, command information, research and. .. materials packaging and transport, environmental clean-up, modeling and simulation, testing and analysis, chemical/ biological helpline, chemical/ biological hotline, Materials Safety Data Sheets for chemical agents, etc U.S Army Weapons Systems http://www.dtic.mil/ Provides links to information on nuclear, biological, and chemical detection U.S Central Intelligence Agency (U.S CIA) http://www.odci.gov/cia... The goal of the FDA is to foster the national capabilities needed to respond to potential chemical and biological threats from bioterrorism, including development of new vaccines and drugs, safeguards for the food supply, and research for diagnostic tools and treatment of disease outbreaks At the present time, the FDA is requesting a total of $13.4 million for bioterrorism The FDA site contains information... and the Center for Biological Evaluation and Research U.S Department of Health and Human Services (U.S DHHS) http://www.os.dhhs.gov/ There are 13 different agencies under the control of the U.S Department of Health and Human Services including the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and . packaging and transport, environmental clean-up, modeling and simula- tion, testing and analysis, chemical/ biological helpline, chemical/ biological hotline, Materials Safety Data Sheets for chemical agents, . 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