Cochlear Implants: Fundamentals and Application - part 2 ppsx

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Zerbi and C. C. Finley. 1993. Speech processors for auditory prostheses. Fifth quarterly progress report, Oct 1993. NIH contract N01-DC- 2-2401. Research Triangle Institute. References 57 Xu, S., R. C. Dowell and G. M. Clark. 1987. Results for Chinese and English in a mul- tichannel cochlear implant patient. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 96(suppl 128): 126–127. Zollner, F. and W. D. Keidel. 1963. Gerorvermittlung durch elektrische erregung des nervus acousticus. Archiv Ohr Nas Kehlkopfheilk 181: 216–223. 58 A B C D E F G Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear F IGURE 2.1. Diagram of the outer, middle, and inner ears and auditory nerve passing to the central auditory system. A, pinna; B, external auditory canal; C, eardrum; D, ossicles; E, eustachian tube; F, inner ear; G, auditory (cochlear) nerve. 2 Surgical Anatomy Overview The external ear or pinna (auricle) collects sound, which passes along the external auditory canal to the eardrum (tympanic membrane) (Fig. 2.1). The middle ear (tympanum) is a cavity containing three small, articulated bones (ossicles), and is closed externally (laterally) by the tympanic membrane. The cavity is connected by the eustachian tube to the pharynx at the back of the nose to allow the pressure between the middle ear and the outside to be equalized. The tympanic membrane vibrates in response to sound, and the vibrations are transmitted through the os- [...]... they are bathed by Cat Human 6 80 5 2 Surgical Anatomy Cross-sectional area (mm2) 7 4 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Height & width (mm) 4 Width Height Width Height 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Distance from round window (mm) FIGURE 2. 13 A diagram of the height and width and cross-sectional area of the cat and human cochleae (Hatsushika et... (malleus, incus, and stapes) articulated and connected to a mold of the inner ear (osseous labyrinth) The cochlea is the anterior part of the labyrinth, the vestibule the center part, and the semicircular canals the posterior part in the body The malleus has a head, neck, and three processes—the manubrium or handle, and the anterior and lateral processes The manubrium passes downward and backward and is attached... the lead 45 Round window - sinodural angle Fossa incudis - sinodural angle Round window - fossa incudis 40 Distance (mm) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 . contract 1-DC- 5 -2 103. Leake-Jones, P. A. and S. J. Rebscher. 1983. Cochlear pathology with chronically im- planted scala tympani electrodes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 405: 20 3 22 3. Legouix,. distinct parts (Fig. 2. 2). These are the squamous, petromastoid, and tympanic parts as well as the styloid F IGURE 2. 2. The human temporal bone with the squamous, petromastoid, and tympanic parts, and. 1993. NIH contract N01-DC- 2- 2 401. Research Triangle Institute. References 57 Xu, S., R. C. Dowell and G. M. Clark. 1987. Results for Chinese and English in a mul- tichannel cochlear implant patient.