The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies Part 16 ppsx

1036 Newcomer, Jeffrey L., 697 Newell, Allen, 143 Newfield, Christopher, 638, 676 Newstetter, Wendy C., 274 Ney, Steven, 929 Neyland, Daniel, 122 Nguyen, Vinh-Kim, 191, 743 Nichter, Mark, 194 Nichter, Mimi, 194 Nightingale, Paul, 679, 818, 825 Nik-Kah, Edward, 676, 911 Nisbett, Richard, 252, 270 Nissenbaum, H., 336, 337, 341 Nita, M., 796 Noble, David, 77, 354, 365, 386, 477, 643, 646, 647, 648, 677, 680, 693, 701, 721 Nolin, Jan, 927 Nordmann, A., 994 Nordstrom, Carolyn, 864 Norris, K., 330 Norton, Ronald, 754 Novas, Carlos, 503, 507, 511, 515, 820, 828, 857, 891, 938 Novelletto, A., 892 Nowotny, Helga, 467, 475, 586, 588, 614, 625, 667, 668, 680, 702, 703, 704, 762, 979 Noztck, Robert, 79 Nukaga, Yoshio, 516, 518, 826 Numbers, Ronald L., 391 Nunn, Clyde, 445 Nye, David, 165 O’Day, V L., 966 O’Donnell, John M., 363 O’Donovan, Orla, 512, 522 O’Hara, Maureen, 909 O’Keefe, Daniel J., 211 O’Neill, John, 40, 194 O’Riordan, Tim, 625, 923, 926, 936 Oakeshott, Michael, 70 Oaks, Laury, 481 Obach, Brian, 484 Obrist, Hans-Ulrich, 309 Ochs, Elinor, 393 Ogburn, William, 39, 48, 51, 768 Okamoto, Shinji, 437 Okamoto, Y., 797 Okamura, K., 961 Olbrechts-Tyteca, Lucie, 213 Oldenziel, Ruth, 380, 545, 546, 557, 558 Olesen, Virginia, 479 Name Index Olesko, Kathryn, 379, 380, 381, 384 Oliva, J A., 889 Olivastro, D., 695 Olson, Gary M., 358 Olson, Judith S., 358 Ommen, Brett, 229 Omurtag, Y., 796 Ong, W., 951, 958 Ophir, Adi, 194, 354, 360, 361, 363, 366, 370 Oppenheimer, J Robert, 442 Ordonez, Gonazlo, 634 Oreskes, Naomi, 255, 306, 308, 365 Oreszczyn, S., 937 Orlikowski, W., 961, 968 Ormrod, S., 545 Osborne, Thomas, 680 Osseyran, A., 332 Ostriker, J P., 326 Ott, K., 854 Oudshoorn, Nelly, 153, 170, 430, 456, 481, 502, 546, 547, 549, 550, 557, 558, 790, 850, 876, 968 Owen-Smith, Jason, 17, 676, 679, 696, 697, 699, 700, 701, 707 Owens, Larry, 184, 378, 384 Pablos-Mendez, A., 799 Packard, Randall, 505, 510, 516 Packer, Kathryn, 17 Padolsky, Miriam, 930 Palladino, Paolo, 186 Palomba, R., 410, 411 Parens, Erik, 857, 890 Park, H., 323, 340, 341 Park, Katherine, 880 Park, Lisa Sun-Hee, 483, 505, 514 Parker, E., 949 Parker, J., 328, 990 Parsons, Simon, 228 Parsons, Talcott, 48, 55 Parthasarathy, Shobita, 525, 549, 586, 826, 830 Passeron, Claude, 381 Passmore, A., 334 Pasveer, Bernike, 297, 308 Patrucco, Pier Paolo, 708 Patterson, Walter, 482 Paul, Diane B., 889 Paul, Jonathan M., 903 Pauling, Linus, 384 Pauly, Philip, 185, 867 Name Index Pearce, David W., 926 Pearce, Fred, 923 Pearson, Helen, 305 Pearson, Karl, 38, 39, 42, 51, 381 Pearson, W., 420 Peirce, C S., 228 Pellow, David, 483, 505, 514 Pels, D., 341, 676 Peltonen, Markku, 33, 34 Penley, Constance, 298, 305 Penn, Alan, 361 Penner, Trudy, 594 Pera, Marcello, 222, 228, 230 Perelman, Chaim, 213 Perez-Casas, C., 799 Perin, Constance, 482 Perini, Laura, 229 Peritz, B C., 319, 322, 341 Perraton, J., 599 Perry, R., 720 Pestre, Dominique, 662, 680 Petchesky, Rosalind, 850 Peter, Scott, 467 Peters, Hans Peter, 465 Petersen, A., 828, 830 Petersen, J., 322 Petersen, James C., 526 Peterson, Daniel A., 305 Petitjean, Patrick, 194 Petras, John W., 114 Petrie, Ian, 387 Petroski, Henry, 108 Petryna, Adriana, 191, 503, 743, 851, 883 Petts, Judith, 921 Pfaffenberger, Bryan, 182, 968 Pfatteicher, Sarah, 570 Phadke, R., 790 Philips, C F., 409 Philips, Lord, 596 Phillips, D J., 964 Pichardo, Nelson, 475, 527 Pickering, Andrew, 109, 249, 266, 292, 327, 362, 377, 383, 638, 677, 846, 910, 957 Pickstone, John V., 516 Pidgeon, N F., 625, 936, 987 Pierce, Steve, 486 Pietenpol, Jennifer, 517 Pigg, Stacy Leigh, 184, 188, 191 Pignarre, Philippe, 748 Pinch, Trevor, 16, 74, 75, 153, 170, 249, 280, 288, 289, 290, 292, 319, 322, 362, 377, 1037 430, 456, 481, 502, 544, 545, 549, 557, 571, 573, 586, 591, 615, 727, 845, 876, 910, 953, 961, 968 Pinkus, Rosa Lynn, 570 Pion, Georgine M., 439, 443, 445 Piso, M I., 796 Plantin, Christian, 213, 228 Plomin, R., 890 Plonski, G A., 414, 707 Plough, Alonzo, 844 Plows, Alexandra, 622 Pollard, R., 801 Polletta, Francesca, 522 Pollock, John, 573 Polyani, Michael, 33, 46, 47, 48, 49, 53, 63, 69, 71, 255, 631 Polzer, J., 828 Pool, I., 949, 952, 962 Poole, M S., 968 Poortinga, Wouter, 625, 936 Popkin, S L., 618 Popper, Karl, 53, 63, 67, 68, 213, 268, 281, 353, 440 Porat, M U., 963 Porter, Alan, 981 Porter, D., 319 Porter, M., 800 Porter, Roy, 844 Porter, Theodore, 16, 38, 65, 297, 778, 779, 905 Posey, D., 799 Posner, Richard, 772, 773 Post, Stephen, 857 Poster, M., 336, 341, 964 Postigo, Hector, 487 Postman, N., 949 Postol, Ted, 727 Potter, Elizabeth, 224, 880 Pottinger, G., 732 Powell, Walter W., 363, 390, 676, 696, 697, 700, 701 Powell, Woody, 677, 679 Power, Michael, 71, 914 Powers, Joshua, 680 Poynder, Richard, 487 Pozzer-Ardenghi, Lillian, 594 Prainsack, Barbara, 860 Prakash, A., 798, 799 Prakash, Gyan, 184, 186, 387 Prakken, Henry, 229 Prasad, Amit, 195, 297, 308, 847, 864 1038 Preda, Alex, 815, 905, 907, 909, 912 Prelli, Lawrence J., 220, 224 Prentice, Rachel, 149, 150, 304 Prescott, Heather Munro, 185 Press, Eyal, 638 Preston, Anne E., 381 Prevost, Scott, 155 Price, Derek J de Solla, 1, 2, 18, 55, 328, 436, 649, 730 Price, M., 336, 337, 341 Priest, Susanna Hornig, 937 Prigogine, Ilya, 455 Prins, B., 557 Prior, Lindsay, 517 Pritchard, Michael, 570 Prokosch, Eric, 484 Prpic, K., 409, 410 Pumfrey, Stephen, 467 Purdue, Derrick, 482, 830 Puszti, Arpad, 932 Pyenson, Lewis, 185, 186, 380 Pyle, Jean L., 706 Quack, Sigrid, 679 Quah, Danny, 677 Quaid, K A., 889, 892 Quine, W V., 242, 248, 340 Quinn, Philip, 777 Rabeharisoa, Vololona, 22, 327, 454, 499, 500, 502, 505, 507, 509, 515, 516, 518, 520, 526, 551, 829, 890 Rabinow, Paul, 503, 700, 701, 821, 823, 824, 827, 847, 848, 850, 863, 891, 938 Rabins, Michael J., 570 Raboy, Marc, 476 Race, Kane, 511 Rader, Karen, 556, 676, 678 Radford, Tom, 438 Radin, Patricia, 508, 515, 525 Rafaeli, S., 969 Raff, Daniel, 650, 655, 678 Raffles, Hugh, 195 Ragone, Helena, 859 Raina, Dhruv, 195, 387 Rajchman, John, 299 Rakel, H., 625 Ramachandran, S., 799 Ramirez, Francisco O., 195, 406, 409, 417, 638, 674, 704, 707 Rampton, Sheldon, 707 Name Index Ranga, Marina, 209 Rao, S., 421 Rapp, Rayna, 307, 481, 500, 501, 503, 506, 510, 511, 512, 515, 516, 521, 526, 826, 828, 829, 831, 850, 858, 866, 877, 878, 889, 890 Rappert, Brian, 484, 633, 728, 731, 819 Rasmussen, Nicolas, 388, 725 Ratcliff, M J., 305 Ratto, M., 330, 331, 340 Ravaillon, M., 787 Raven, P H., 320 Ravetz, Jerome R., 18, 454, 594, 612, 625, 678 Rawls, John, 73 Ray, Raka, 507 Rayman, Paula M., 701 Rayner, Steve, 586, 928 Raynor, Gregory, 654 Reardon, Jennifer, 526, 707, 822 Reardon, T., 787 Reddy, Prasada, 660, 679, 796 Redfield, Peter, 185 Ree, Jonathan, 54 Reece, Helen, 770 Reed, Matthew, 483, 776 Reeve, Colin, 23, 927 Reeves, B., 959 Regenstrelf, Allan, 130 Rehg, William, 217, 227, 229 Reich, Leonard, 677 Reichenbach, Hans, 53, 281, 353 Reichman, J., 799 Reidy, Michael, 220 Rein, Martin, 225 Reingold, Nathan, 194, 644, 677 Reips, U D., 337 Reiser, Stanley, 844 Remedios, Francis, 225 Renn, Jurgen, 297 Renn, O., 625, 981 Rentetzi, Maria, 365 Reppy, Judith, 721, 722, 724 Rescher, Nicolas, 214, 229 Reskin, B., 415 Resnick, Lauren, 263 Restivo, Sal, 15, 693, 704 Rettig, Richard, 865 Reynolds, Larry, 114, 115 Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg, 15, 241, 297, 300, 308, 328, 339 Name Index Rheingold, H., 319 Rhoades, Gary, 638, 657, 671, 672, 678, 679, 680, 692, 694, 703, 704 Ribeiro, Rodrigo, 625, 626 Rice, R E., 558, 949, 952, 959 Richards, A., 543 Richards, Evelleen, 464 Richards, Theodoe, 648 Richardson, Alan, 40 Richardson, Ruth, 880 Rickne, Annika, 704 Riecken, Janet, 594 Riedijk, Willem, 483 Rieke, Richard, 229 Rier, David, 512 Riles, Annelise, 308 Riley, B., 890 Rip, Arie, 26, 330, 594, 614, 625, 703, 704, 957, 984, 985 Risbey, J., 925 Ritter, Christopher, 392 Ritzer, George, 707 Rix, Bo Andreassen, 886 Roberts, Celia, 859 Roberts, L W., 452 Robertson, R., 707 Robins, E., 756 Robins, R., 827, 959, 963 Robinson, J., 341, 403 Roblin, R., 468 Roco, Mihail, 981, 982 Roddewig, Richard, 484 Roderick, Thomas, 818 Rogers, E M., 949, 960 Rogers-Hayden, T., 936, 987 Roharcher, R., 543 Romer, P M., 791 Rommes, E., 546, 549, 550, 558 Ronda, Stephanie, 931 Ropke, I., 558 Rorty, Richard, 79 Rose, D A., 549, 857, 858 Rose, Dale, 879 Rose, Fred, 484, 820, 828 Rose, Hilary, 475, 584 Rose, Nikolas, 191, 297, 299, 503, 680, 741, 891, 938 Rose, Steven, 595 Rosen, D., 341 Rosen, Paul, 929 Rosenberg, Alexander, 441, 700 1039 Rosenberg, Charles E., 379, 677, 744, 843, 848 Rosenberg, Nathan, 542, 677, 678, 701 Rosenberg, Rosalind, 405 Rosengarten, Marsha, 511 Roses, Allen D., 754, 756 Ross, Lee, 252 Rosser, S V., 381 Rossiter, Margaret W., 378, 380, 408 Rossman, Joseph, 693 Rostow, W W., 189 Rotenberg, M., 964 Roth, Andrew, 584, 591, 594 Roth, Wolff-Michael, 290, 391, 594 Rothenberg, Marc, 194 Rothman, David J., 503 Rothman, Sheila M., 503 Rouse, Joseph, 242, 383 Rouvinen, Petri, 708 Rowan, Brian, 363 Rowe, David E., 357 Rowe, Gene, 19, 358, 449, 458, 459, 460, 462, 467, 625, 936 Rowland, Henry A., 443 Rubin, M R., 963 Rudolph, John, 380, 383, 384 Rudwick, Martin J S., 223, 298, 369 Ruggiero, T E., 557 Ruhleder, K., 113, 115, 116, 964 Ruina, J., 720 Rumelhart, D E., 262 Ruse, Martin, 297 Rushing, Francis W., 380 Russell, Stewart, 170 Ryan, Marie-Laurie, 337 Saetnan, A R., 546, 550 Safdie, Moshe, 361 Sage, William H., 769 Saguy, Abigail, 510, 514, 519, 521, 526, 527 Sahlins, Marshall, 182 Said, Edward W., 183 Saidel, R G., 414 Saint-Simon, Henri de, 35, 36, 50, 53 Sale, Kirkpatrick, 477 Salleh, Anna, 488 Salmon, Wesley, 213 Salter, Ammon, 679.680, 695, 696 Salter, Brian, 830, 861 Samarajiva, R., 962, 963 1040 Sampat, Bhaven, 657, 677, 678, 679, 692, 693, 694, 695, 699, 701 Samuel, Andrew, 939 Samuelson, Paul, 676, 678, 907 Sanchez-Ron, Jose, 724 Sanders, Joseph, 775, 777 Sandusky, Robert, 119 Santos, C., 320 Sapolsky, Harvey, 719, 720, 727 Sarewitz, D., 979, 980, 981, 991 Sarkar, Hussein, 246, 255 Sarton, George, 63, 434 Sassen, S., 789 Satish, N G., 797 Saunders, Barry F., 304 Saunders, Frances S., 54 Savage, James D., 708 Sawchuk, Kim, 298 Sax, L J., 411 Saxenian, Mike, 483, 698 Scalmer, Sean, 476 Schaffer, Simon, 16, 64, 65, 110, 182, 222, 249, 264, 301, 322, 354, 370, 377, 383, 765, 771, 775, 781, 877 Schaler, J G., 409 Scharnhorst, A., 322, 337, 340 Schatzberg, Eric, 484 Schatzki, T R., 298 Scheiding, Thomas, 638 Scheinberg, Anne, 483 Schell, Jonathan, 485 Schement, J R., 962, 963 Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, 881, 882, 887 Scherer, F., 799 Schibeci, R., 827 Schiebinger, Londa, 14, 154, 195, 357, 405, 409, 411, 412 Schienke, Erich W., 308 Schiller, D., 959 Schiller, H., 963 Schilling, G., 320 Schinzinger, Roland, 570 Schmitt, Frederick, 230 Schnaiberg, Allan, 483 Schnaper, Lauren, 517 Schneider, Joseph W., 950 Schneider, Mark, 618 Schneider, S., 322, 327, 968 Schneider, V., 950, 953 Schoepflin, Urs, 297 Schofer, Eric, 638, 674 Name Index Schofer, Evan, 195, 704, 707 Scholes, Myron, 908 Schön, Donald, 225 Schone-Seifert, Bettina, 886 Schopaus, Malte, 19 Schot, J., 543, 549, 625, 991 Schott, Thomas, 189, 195 Schramm, W., 952 Schroeder, P., 320 Schroeder, R., 558 Schuck, Peter H., 769, 778 Schuddeboom, Paul, 984 Schuklenk, U., 799 Schuler, Doug, 486 Schull, Natasha, 151, 744 Schultz, J., 699 Schuman, Mark, 730 Schumpeter, J., 791 Schurman, Rachel, 482 Schuster, J A., 16 Schutz, Alfred, 292 Schwartz, Pedro S., 625 Schwartzman, S., 588, 667, 702, 703, 762, 979 Schwarz, M., 591 Sclove, Richard, 18, 19, 77, 455, 473 Scott, Alister, 696 Scott, Eugenie C., 437 Scott, Joan, 517 Scott, John T., 698 Scott, Pam, 170 Scott, Peter, 588, 625, 667, 668, 702, 703, 704, 762, 979 Scott-Brown, Denise, 364 Scranton, Philip, 732 Scriver, Charles R., 889, 890 Secord, Anne, 359, 360 Secord, James A., 182, 191, 194 Segall, A., 452 Seidel, Robert, 721 Selin, Cynthia, 194, 815, 985 Sell, Susan, 674, 798, 799 Sen, Amartya, 634, 787, 803, 903 Sen, Gita, 481 Sengers, Phoebe, 148, 309 Senkar, P., 319, 793 Sennett, Richard, 701 Sent, Esther-Mirjam, 632, 638, 676, 678, 679, 692 Serlin, David, 854, 855 Serres, Michel, 241 Name Index Servos, John, 385, 386 Seymour, S., 421 Seymour, Wendy, 854 Shackley, Simon, 588, 921, 924, 925 Shaffer, G., 799 Shah, Sonali, 542 Shaked, Moshe, 244, 253 Shakespeare, Tom, 501, 510, 521 Shapere, Dudley, 53, 230 Shapin, Steven, 14, 16, 33, 64, 65, 71, 110, 189, 222, 249, 251, 264, 322, 354, 358, 360, 361, 363, 366, 370, 377, 381, 383, 429, 445, 625, 636, 701, 762, 765, 771, 775, 781, 877 Shapiro, Carl, 336, 677 Sharma, A K., 405, 789 Sharp, Lesley A., 522, 882, 885, 887 Sharples, M., 322 Shavit, Y., 406 Shaw, R., 827 Shaywitz, D., 466 Shea, William, 228 Shenhav, Yehouda, 194 Shepherd, Chris J., 185, 194 Shibutani, Tamotsu, 115, 130 Shields, Ben, 967 Shields, P., 962, 963 Shils, Edward, 48, 54, 195 Shim, Janet K., 119, 123, 502, 503, 515, 820, 876 Shinn, Terry, 194, 328, 380, 669, 677, 680, 704 Shiva, Vandana, 482 Shleifer, Andrei, 904 Shoichet, B., 320 Shorett, Peter, 700 Shostak, Sara, 123, 124, 476, 505, 526 Shreeve, James, 639, 661 Shrum, W., 185, 194, 322, 336, 358, 405, 789, 792 Shuman, Larry J., 570 Sibum, Otto, 381 Siegal, Michael, 274 Siegel, Donald, 639, 698 Siegel, Harvey, 229 Sikka, P., 796 Silbey, Susan, 305, 308 Sills, Chip, 228 Silverman, Chloe, 501, 516 Silverstone, R., 322, 327, 553, 554, 955, 961 1041 Siminoff, Laura, 884 Simmons, Peter, 595, 597 Simmons, Richard L., 885 Simmons, Robert, 885 Simmons, Roberta, 885 Simon, D., 410 Simon, H A., 625 Simon, Herbert, 141, 143, 259, 625 Simons, Herbert W., 228 Sims, Benjamin, 17, 290 Sinding, Christiane, 856 Sismondo, Sergio, 13, 322, 921 Sjoholm, F., 797 Skeggs, Beverly, 154 Skodvin, Tora, 929 Skrentny, John David, 527 Skrzynia, C., 828 Slack, J D., 963, 968 Slack, Roger, 543, 554 Slater, D., 341, 676 Slaton, Amy, 298, 381 Slaughter, Sheila, 19, 379, 388, 636, 638, 657, 671, 672, 678, 679, 680, 692, 694, 697, 702, 703, 704 Slevin, J., 336, 341 Slezak, Peter, 260 Slooten, I., 558 Slovic, Paul, 252 Smart, Andrew, 827 Smelser, Neil J., 768, 781 Smit, Wim A., 720, 721, 722, 723, 726, 730 Smith, Adam, 556 Smith, J., 319, 341 Smith, John Kenly, 645, 677 Smith, Merritt Roe, 167, 172, 173, 174, 319, 482, 721 Smith, R., 341 Smith, Robert W., 362 Smith, Roger, 625, 766, 773 Smith, Susan, 479 Smith-Doerr, L., 412, 416, 632, 701, 707 Smulyan, S., 961 Snellman, Kaisa, 677 Snodgrass, D., 796 Snow, Charles P., 433, 443, 464 Snow, David, 474 Snow, Rachel, 481 Sobnosky, Matthew J., 230 Soddy, F., 52 Solomon, Barbara Miller, 379 1042 Solomon, Miriam, 224, 244, 245, 254, 255, 268 Solomon, Shana, 456, 775 Solovey, Mark, 725, 789 Solow, R M., 791 Sonnert, H., 411 Soo, K J., 795 Sooryamoorthy, R., 358 Sorensen, K H., 878, 984 Sorlin, Sverker, 194 Sorokin, Pittrim, 40 Souriau, Etienne, 110 Spallone, Pat, 890 Spears, Ellen Griffith, 517 Specter, Michael, 436, 440 Spector, L., 322, 335 Spencer, Hamish G., 889 Spiegel-Rösing, Ina, 1, 2, 6, 18 Spilkner, H., 550 Spinardi, Graham, 484, 726, 727 Spitzer, R L., 756 Sprat, Thomas, 33 Spring, Joel, 381 Srinidhi, J., 892 Srinivasan, C., 799 Stacey, C L., 512, 520, 525 Stacey, Jackie, 154, 307 Stafford, Barbara, 297, 298 Staggenborg, Suzanne, 512, 525 Staley, Kent, 217 Stamp, Josiah, 43–44 Stankiewicz, Rikard, 698, 708 Star, Susan Leigh, 10, 16, 17, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 142, 153, 192, 308, 322, 327, 330, 506, 546, 547, 748, 766, 848, 849, 950, 954, 959, 964, 965 Stark, David, 905 Stark, Johannes, 45 Starkey, K., 694, 697, 698 Starr, Paul, 379, 615, 965 States, D J., 320 Stauber, John, 707 Staudenmaier, John, 175, 968 Stearn, William T., 357 Steen, Kathryn, 646 Stegmuller, Wolfgang, 230 Stehr, Nico, 468, 700, 703 Steinberg, D L., 892 Steinman, David, 479 Steinmueller, Edward, 679.680, 696 Name Index Stelling, Joan, 115, 130 Stemerding, D., 825 Stengers, Isabelle, 107, 109, 455 Stephan, Paula E., 381, 412, 695, 704 Stern, Bernhard, 52 Sterne, J., 958, 965 Sterner, Beckett W., 107 Stevens, Reed, 260 Stewart, James, 543, 554 Stewart, Miriam J., 504, 557 Steyn, Grove, 696 Stichweh, Rudolf, 380 Stienstra, Deborah, 476 Stienstra, M., 546, 549, 550 Stigler, George, 903 Stiglitz, J., 790 Stilgoe, Jack, 591 Stinchcombe, Arthur L., 914 Stitch, Stephen, 274 Stockdale, Alan, 515, 519 Stokes, Bruce, 439, 445, 702 Stoler, Ann L., 766 Stoller, Nancy, 481 Stone, A R., 958, 964 Stone, John, 633, 732 Stone, P., 925 Stone, Sandy, 150 Storey, J., 194, 552 Storr, Brenda, 594 Strathern, Marilyn, 182, 195, 308, 853, 859, 863, 877, 881, 882, 923 Strauss, Anselm, 113, 115, 117, 118, 119, 123, 128, 130 Streitz, Wendy, 680 Strubing, Joerg, 120, 126 Stump, David J., 441 Sturken, Marita, 305, 307 Su, C T., 796 Subrahmanian, E., 125 Subramanian, A., 795, 799 Subramanian, Banu, 148 Suchman, Lucy, 10, 115, 144, 152, 153, 322, 364, 554, 558, 950, 952, 961 Suczek, Barbara, 130 Sugden, A., 320 Sullenger, Karen, 392 Sullivan, Edward J., 901 Sullivan, Joseph, 155 Sullivan, L M., 409 Sulloway, Frank, 254 Summers, Lawrence, 419 Name Index Summerton, J., 549, 555 Sundberg, Makaela, 126, 925 Sunder Rajan, Kausihik, 185, 309, 824, 861 Sunderlin, William D., 930 Sundqvist, Goran, 921 Supnithadnaporn, Anupit, 634 Suppe, Frederick, 230 Sur, Abha, 381 Sutz, J., 789, 793, 797 Svensson, B W., 797 Swadener, Beth Blue, 195 Swain, Gladys, 745 Swan, Claudia, 357 Swann, John, 677 Swazey, Judith, 856, 885 Sweeney, A E., 988 Swiss, T., 336 Switzer, Galen, 882 Tait, Donna, 594 Tait, J., 992 Talbot, David, 864 Tallacchini, Mariachiara, 456 Talley, Colin, 500, 506, 514 Tan, L W H., 795 Tancredi, L., 297, 829, 844 Tang, J., 420 Tannenwald, Nina, 730 Taper, Mark L., 217 Tarde, Gabriel, 109 Tarrow, Sidney, 474, 475 Taussig, Karen-Sue, 500, 501, 503, 511, 512, 515, 516, 521, 526, 829, 831, 858 Taylor, Charles Alan, 224 Taylor, Peter, 297 Taylor, Verta, 475, 479, 510 Teghtsoonian, M., 411 Teller, Edward, 442 Temin, Peter, 650, 655, 678 Ten Eyck, Toby, 937 Ten, Chin Liew, 51 Tenner, E., 985 Terra, Branca, 668 Terranova, T., 555, 962 Terry, Jennifer, 479 Tesh, Sylvia Noble, 367 Teske, Paul, 678 Thagard, Paul, 252, 260 Thelwall, M., 322, 334, 337 Thirtle, C., 799 Thomas, D., 959 1043 Thomas, G., 555, 962 Thomas, Nicholas, 194, 885 Thomas, William Isaac, 114, 959 Thompson, Charis (see also Cussins, Charis), 323, 511, 513, 557 Thompson, Emily, 194, 386, 477, 798, 953, 965 Thompson, M., 591 Thompson, Michael, 929 Thompson, Paul, 992 Thomson, Rosalind Garland, 854 Thornton, Dora, 354 Thorpe, Charles, 10, 724, 726 Thursby, J., 672, 676, 679, 695, 701 Thursby, M., 672, 676, 679, 695, 701 Thurtle, P., 339 Tijssen, Robert, 676 Tilghman, S., 419 Tilly, Charles, 474, 527 Tilney, Nicholas L., 883 Timmermans, Stefan, 120, 121, 503, 507, 526, 744, 799, 846, 851, 858 Tindale, Christopher W., 212, 229 Tobey, Ronald, 645, 646, 648, 677, 678 Toffler, A., 554 Toke, David, 928 Tomasello, Michael, 263 Tomlinson, B R., 387 Torpey, John, 731 Torres, Angel, 484 Toulmin, Stephen, 213, 214, 217, 229 Toumey, Christopher F., 391, 862 Touraine, Alain, 474, 475 Traber, M., 963 Trajtenberg, Manuel, 692, 699 Travis, D., 828, 930 Traweek, Sharon, 15, 185, 218, 297, 303, 328, 334, 363, 379, 380, 382, 393 Trefethen, A E., 320 Treichler, Paula, 298, 305, 479, 517 Trescott, M M., 878 Trigg, Randall, 144 Trocco, F., 544, 615, 953, 961 Trow, M., 588, 667, 702, 703, 762, 979 Troyan, Susan, 517 Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt, 192, 193 Tudge, Colin, 861 Tudhope, D., 549, 555, 557, 558, 968 Tufte, Edward, 303 Tulloch, John, 934 Tunnainen, Juha, 126 1044 Turkle, S., 305, 308, 319, 950 Turnbull, David, 187, 245 Turner, Bryan, 939 Turner, Frank, 445 Turner, Fred, 486, 965 Turner, J., 825, 848, 856, 890 Turner, R Steven, 380 Turner, S., 987 Turner, Steven, 392 Turney, J., 825, 827, 890 Tutton, R., 828, 830 Tversky, Amos, 243, 252, 616, 617, 625 Tweney, Ryan D., 259, 267, 274 Uberoi, J P S., 187 Uhlir, P., 320 Unger, Roberto, 773 Unger, Stephen H., 570 Upadhyay, B R., 795 Urry, John, 367 Uzzi, B., 403, 404, 416 Vaidhyanathan, Siva, 709 Vaitlilingham, Romesh, 677 Valian, V., 403, 409, 412 Van de Poel, Ibo, 570, 571 Van den Besselaar, P., 337 Van den Broek, N., 799 Van der Geest, Sjaak, 501, 521, 525, 878 van der Sluijs, Jeroen, 927 van Dijck, Jose, 298, 307 Van Fraassen, Bas, 248, 261 van Hoorn, T., 939 Van Horn, J., 322 Van Horn, Rob, 657, 678, 680 Van House, N A., 320, 331 Van Kammen, Jessica, 504, 520, 549 Van Kampen, Petra, 778 Van Keuren, David K., 725 van Kolfschooten, F., 467 Van Leeuwen, Theo, 307 Van Lente, H., 330, 819, 985 Van Merkerk, R., 985 Van Oost, E., 546, 547, 550 Van Zoonen, L., 341 Vann, K., 326, 327, 335, 340 Varela, Francisco, 146 Varian, Hal, 336, 677 Vasterman, P., 319 Vaughan, Megan, 182 Veblen, Thorstein, 433, 642, 646, 648 Name Index Vedel, T., 950, 953 Velody, Irving, 40, 52 Ventkatesh, V., 557 Ventura Santos, R., 822 Venturi, Robert, 364 Verbeek, Peter Paul, 570, 571 Verhulst, S., 966 Verran, Helen, 187, 195, 789, 938 Vertosick, Frank, Jr., 247 Vespignani, A., 322 Viale, R., 420 Victor, David G., 924, 930 Vidmar, Neil, 769, 775 Visco, Frances, 517 Viseu, Ana, 149 Visvanathan, Shiv, 67, 73, 187, 188 Vlaardingerbroek, B., 795 Vollmer, Hendrik, 906 von Felsinger, John M., 752 Von Gizycki, Rainald, 499, 512, 526 Von Hippel, Eric, 456, 541, 542, 543, 554 von Savigny, Eike, 298, 968 von Stebut, J., 414, 419 Vontoras, Nicholas, 657 Voorbij, H., 340 Vosti, S A., 787 Wachelder, Joseph, 455, 596 Wackers, G., 939 Waddell, Craig, 230 Wagner, J L., 799 Wajcman, Judy, 130, 165, 167, 168, 174, 417, 418, 477, 478, 518, 526, 543, 557, 726, 741, 905 Wakeford, Nina, 150, 153 Waldby, Catherine, 149, 304, 756, 820, 853, 860, 861 Walejko, Gina, 967 Walenstein, Andrew, 126 Walker, Gordon, 595 Walker, J., 334 Wallace, D., 724, 824 Wallerstein, Immanuel, 189 Walls, John, 625, 936 Walpen, Bernhard, 676, 680 Walsh, John, 319, 320, 334, 680, 701 Walsh, V., 543 Walther, J B., 959 Walton, Douglas N., 212, 213, 214, 229 Walton, M., 798, 800 Waluszewski, Alexandra, 696 1052 experimental method, 40–41 experimental phenomena, 15–16 expertise achievement and, 43 acquiring, 22, 614–615, 620 alternatives to, 614–618 boundaries of, 610–614 categorization of, 620–623 conclusion, 623 constructing, 618–620 and the courts, 619, 766, 776 and decision-making, 614–618 deliberative and participatory processes, 613–614 democratizing, 66, 74–77, 225–226 demystifying, 75 elitist tendencies regarding, 66–67 introduction, 609–610 of the layperson, 22, 450–452, 466–467, 480–481, 517–518, 594–595, 610–611 liberalizing, 74–75 nature of, 610 normative theory of, 23–24 scientific, 22–23, 465 STS as a domain of, 777 visual, 301–302, 305 experts defined, 77, 517–518, 609 levels of trust in, 24 mass media in selection and legitimation of, 464–465 military, influence on decision-making, 725–726 as political agents, 612 role in democratic society, 21–22 expert systems design, 144–145 extensiveness, 39–40, 45–47 Fabian socialism, 40, 44 fact construction, 280, 281–288, 286–288 See also knowledge production fact-finding practices of science and the law, 774–776 fact genesis, 92–94, 100 facts and the law, 765–766 faith, science and, 69 fallacy, defined, 213–214 fallibilism, 68 Fascism, 44–45 Federal Judicial Center, 771 feminism, intersection with sciences of the artificial See also gender Subject Index ALife, 153 artificial intelligence studies, 142–148 cyberfeminism, 148, 150, 153 human-machine intersection, 142–152 introduction, 139–142 feminist health movement, 478–479, 503, 523 feminist reform movements, 476 feminist STS, 14, 21 field site testing, 367–369 financial economics, 902–909 See also social studies of finance (SSF) financial markets, agency in, 909–914 Food and Drug Administration, U.S., 591 4S (Society for Social Studies of Science), history of, 2 framework analysis, 474, 590–591, 598 Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), United Nations, 929–930 freedom academic, 654–655 development as, 787–788, 794 education as, 794–796 scientific, 45–46 freedom-efficiency conflict, 45 free/libre open source software (FLOSS) movement, 486–487 gender See also feminism; women in science in architecture and differentiations of space, 365, 727 consumers, women as, 552 dimensions of technological innovation, 550, 857–858 sexual separation of scientific labor, 403–404 the user-technology relationship, 545–548 gender inequity in science See also women in science 1905 vs 2005, explanations proposed, 418–419 breaking the double paradox, 417–418 career growth/academic advancement and, 406, 409, 414 conclusion, 418–420 cultural factors contributing to, 408 economic development relation, 414–415 environments supporting change in, 415–417 horizontal vs vertical segregation, 409 Subject Index participation statistics, 405, 406, 408f physical characteristics and, 408 productivity, factors influencing, 409–412 role of science in society and, 412–413 gender revolution, indicators of, 416 genderscript, 550 generalists, benefits vs experts, 614–615 gene therapy, 825 genetic citizenship, 890–891 genetic determinism, 828–829, 890–891 geneticization, 890–891 genetics, portrayal in popular culture, 826–827 genetic testing, resistance and responses to, 888–893 genomic identities, 827–829, 850 genomics commodification and commercial exploitation of, 823–825 conclusion, 830–831 contextual vs transformational theme in, 819–823, 827 expectations public and professional, 827 role in the development of, 819 goals of, 752–755 governance and regulation of, 829–830 impact on clinical practice, 755, 825–826 introduction, 816–819 media representation of, 826–827 political life of, 827 portrayal in popular culture, 826–827 STS scholarship on, 822–823 geographic patterns in knowledge construction, 354–359 geographies of technoscience, 184–189 geography, fostering collaboration through, 697–700 See also place globalization control by experts, 78 of economic activities, 356 the Internet and, 476 postdoctoral student mobility role in, 388–389 STS literature on, 788–790 technological changes driving, 789 global warming and humanly induced climate change, 923–930 GM (genetically modified) plants and foods, 78, 457–458, 478, 482–483, 930–937 GM nation debate, 457–459, 596, 936–937 God, belief in, 436, 438 1053 gossip, 334 Göttingen Mathematical Society, 357, 358 governance, scientific boundary work, 587–589, 594, 597–598 conclusion, 599–601 co-production/co-construction elements, 589–590, 598 framing, 590–592, 598 nanoscale science and engineering, 991–993 networks and assemblages, 592–594, 598 new approaches to, 595–598 situated knowledges, 594–595, 598 STS approach to, 583–587 Great Traditions, 63 Greenpeace, 476, 937 group consensus formation model, 244–247 growth theory, 790–792 Harvard University, 47, 70, 644 health advocacy and patient associations See also AIDS activism; muscular dystrophy research boundary-crossing character of, 506–507, 508–509 data sources and research techniques, 507–508 group constituencies, 504–507, 551 group formation process, 511, 515 growth and direction of, influences on, 515–516 Internet-based, 507–508, 514–515 introduction, 499–500 medicalization and demedicalization groups in, 508–511 militancy and oppositionality, 512–513 recent interest in, basis for, 500–504 research future directions for, 524–526 key questions of, 513–518 social and biomedical changes from, 519–524 social organization and independence of, 512 typologies, 508–513 health and illness See also disease; illness biological vs social determinants, 828 categorization of individuals into culturally constructed states of normality or pathology, 842, 849–850 defined, 856 kinship and embodied risk, 891–893 1054 health professionals attitudes and practices of, influences on, 519–520 genomics impact on clinical practice, 755, 825–826 health social movements, 478–481 heuristics, 616–617 higher education See also laboratories, academic academic freedom in, 654–655 blurring of boundaries university-corporate, 665–673 university-military, 720–721, 723–725 European Union, pursuit of competitiveness and, 663–664 funding, 653, 656–657 privatization of, 661 high tech industry, configurations of inclusion/exclusion, 149 history of culture, 42 history of science, 42, 104, 186, 475 horse evolution exhibit, 83–88 human, capacities defining the, 144 human body commodification of, 860, 879–883, 886–887 educated, 306 embodied relationships with threedimensional images, 304 enhancement of, 856–859 erasure in AI, 146–148 organ procurement and transplantation, 883–888 ownership, questions of, 876, 882–883 simulated environments, research using, 728–729 technological modification of boundary transformations, 148–152, 547, 729 human-machine simulations, 729 prosthetics, bionics and being fit, 148–150, 510, 854–856 regenerative medicine, 859–863 therapeutic, aesthetic, and life-extending, 853–863 human capital, 795–796 human development project, 788, 797, 799 Human Genome Diversity Project, 822 Human Genome Project (HGP), 253, 661, 705, 822, 825, 888, 927 human identity, existence of a universal, 146 Subject Index human-object relationship, 550–551 human problem-solving theory, 143 hyperrelativism, 41 Idea of Science, 439, 440–441 identity construction bodily objectification and, 879 categorization of individuals into culturally constructed states of normality or pathology, 842, 849–850 confusion accompanying organ donation, 875 genetic determinism, 828–829, 891–892 technical modification of the body in, 842–843, 853–863 through medication response, 755 visualizations of the human body in, 307 identity politics, 191 illness See also disease; health and illness defining, 744 re-codification of, 746–748 image manipulation, 298–300, 304, 306, 308 See also scientific imaging and visualization (SIV) Independent Media Centers (IMC), 486 indexicality, in ethnomethodology, 282 individualism, 242 Indymedia movement, 486 information and communication technologies (ICT), 321–322, 326, 334–335 information and media reform movements, 485–486 information concept in SSF, 903 information infrastructures, 122 information technology industry, 698 See also media and information technologies informatization, 320–321, 335–340 innofusion, 554–555 innovation courts favoring of, 772 destabilizing effects of, 766–767 economics of, 694–697, 788 law lag concept and, 768 military-technological, 727 responsible, 983 social learning in, 543 systems of, 792–793 technical, 181–182 user-led, 554 Subject Index user participation in, 456–457, 542–544 innovation economists, 695, 696 innovation studies, 542–543 innovation theory, 800 institutional ethos, 223–224 institutional isomorphism, 390–391 instrumental theory of technology, 71–72, 75 intellectual property rights Bayh-Dole Act and, 657, 661, 664, 667, 700 corporate control of, 487, 645–646, 647, 660 government control of, 650, 651, 652, 661 international regulation of, 655–656, 706, 798–799 negotiating, 188 patient groups claim to, 521 research exemption from infringement, 706 threats to, 335 trade-related (TRIPS), 656, 706, 798–799 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 924–930 International Intellectual Property Alliance, 655–656 Internet academic incorporation of, 335–340 creative commons licensing scheme, 705–706 democratic promise of the, 476 impact-talk about, 319–322 location, displacement and the, 208 patient groups use of, 507–508, 514–515 scholarship on, 321 social movement organization and, 476, 486 technological determinism and the, 174 theory and the, 323–324 Internet-based reform movements, 456–457, 486 Intersex Society of North America, 514 inventions, rights to, 646 James H Clark Center, 363 Jodrell Bank, 362 judgment bias in, 268–269 research on, 267–271 junk science, 770, 775, 776 Kismet (robot), 147–148 knowledge commodification and commercial exploitation of, 823–825 1055 co-production of, 22, 452–457, 516–519, 589–590 data as, 303 dispersion of, 390–391 distinguishing the knowing and the known, 100–104 embeddedness in social contexts, 704 epistemological questions raised by, 94–99 experiential vs formal, 517–518 formation of, 99 in innovation systems, 792–793 is a mode of existence, 99–107 lay-expert divide, 450–452, 466–467, 480–481, 517–518, 594–595, 610–611 as learning, 800–801 legitimate, 594 permanence of, 727 physicalized architecture of, 364–365 place-based, 366–367 place in legitimizing, 359–360 public and private goods, 665–668, 695, 705 situated forms of, 598 sociology of, 70–71 specialist vs lay, 461 utilitarian theory of, 43 as a vector of transformation, 84–94 visual, 300 knowledge acquisition certainty, elements of, 99 continuous scheme, 88–91, 95–98, 96f, 104 distinguishing pathways, 100–104 fact genesis in, 91–94 flow of experience scheme, 97f, 98, 99 geographic patterns in, 355–359 network pathways, 91, 96, 105–106 positivist model of, 768 rectification and revision in, 87–88, 94, 96, 105–106 somersault scheme, 104 teleportation scheme, 89–90, 95, 95f, 104 in terms of process engineering, 144–145 time-dependent pathways, 84, 91 knowledge acquisition pathways, 89–90, 94, 99–107 knowledge construction gendered differentiations of space for, 365 in laboratories vs field sites, 367–369 knowledge economy, 791 knowledge engineering, 144–145 knowledge isomorphism, 390–391 1056 knowledge mobility See also place deployment of visualizations, 300, 304–307 geographies of technoscience, 184–192 introduction, 181–183 Linnaeus’ botanical taxonomy, example of, 356–357 in mathematics, 357 postdoctoral students and the, 385–386, 388 knowledge pathways, 100–104 knowledge production See also fact construction epistemic cultures in e-science, 328–331 genomic, 822–826 global, 696 images role in, 300, 302–304 through clinical trials, 852 knowledge production models mode 1/mode 2, 667–671, 702, 703–704, 762 neoliberalism encoded in, 704 triple helix (3H), 668–671, 702–704 knowledge societies, 21–22 knowledge spillovers, 695 knowledging, 595 labor dimension of image production, 301–302 gendered division of, 403–406 Luddites politics of technology control over, 477 research as, 324–328 shop right doctrine, 646 technicist model of, 327 laboratories academic beginnings, 642–643 commercialization of, 643–649 militarization of, 649–655 the pedagogical ideal of, 43, 643, 648 as distributed cognition systems, 266 commercialization of, 693 corporate, in-house, 644, 651–652, 657–659 funding of by corporations, 643–649 by foundations, 647–648 governmental, 649–655, 720–721 post–World War II, 649–655 government-run, national, 651 industrial, origins of, 642–647 Subject Index public and private aspects of inquiry, 361–363 visible and invisible juxtaposed, 362–363 laboratory design, 360–365 laboratory ethnography, 15–16, 217–218, 279–280, 286–288, 354, 988–989 laboratory-experiments relation, 329–330 laboratory studies confronting sociology, 288–289 of fact construction, 281–288 introduction, 279–281 judgment and reasoning in, 269–271 present-future of, 289–292 labor-automation relations, 145–146 language, as a cultural artifact for communication, 263 law crisis narrative, 769–770, 775–776 deference toward science/scientists, 770–771 experts and expertise in the, 619, 766, 776 the language of, 762 making science in the court, 455–456 morality of the, 764 natural law and judicial decision-making, 765–766 patent law rulings, 657, 705 regulating commodification and ownership of human body, 880–881 scientific reliability of evidence determination, 770–771 law lag, 768 law-medicine relations, 765–766 law-science relations authority and competition in contested regions, 767–774 co-productionist accounts of, 771–774 epistemology, 774–777 historiography, 763–767 introduction, 761–763 role of culture in shaping, 777–779 lay-expert divide, 22, 450–452, 466–467, 480–481, 517–518, 594–595, 610–611 layperson, defined, 609 Left view of science, 44, 46–47 Lewis Thomas Building, 364 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, 363 liberal-communitarian debate, 73 liberal democratic theory, 21–22 Subject Index liberalism communitarian critique of, 72 communitarianism relation to, 68–69 feminist critique of, 72 ideology of science, 71–72 modern, science relation to, 65–69 multicultural critiques of liberal theory, 72–73 norms of science linking to values of, 68 polity of science and, 64–65 Positivism’s repudiation of, 36 redefined in an age of experts, 74 literacy, scientific, 450–453 litigation science, 771, 776 logical positivism, 38, 40 low information rationality theory, 618 Luddites’ politics of technology, 477 machine-like actions, 145–146 machines in Actor-Network Theory, 16 semiotics of, 549–550 Marxist model of science, 40, 43–44, 50 materialism, scientific, 40 mathematics advances in, place, clumping and, 357–358 oral culture in, 358–359 media configurations of inclusion/exclusion, 149 representation of genomics by, 826–827 role in social movement reform, 476 treatment of environmental issues, 937 media and information technologies causality in technology-society relationships, 955–959, 959–962 conclusion, 965–968 defined, 949, 951–955 introduction, 949–951 social consequences of technological change, 962–965 media reform movements, 485–486 media studies approach to user-technology relations, 551–554 mediation technologies, 322–324, 337–338, 339–340 medical technologies centrality in diagnosis, 844–848 defined, 841 diagnostic testing and the medicalindustrial complex, 844–845 emergent 1057 acceptance process, 852–853 assemblages, framing as, 847 data interpretation, difficulties and differences in, 846–848 for diagnosis, 842–849 economics in, 860–861 introduction, 841–842, 843 legislation and politics of, 861–862 linking diagnosis to therapy, 842 moral issues in, 861 politics and economics in developing, 845 regulatory oversight and financial review, 842 scenario, 841 shaping of identity through, 841 social constructivist perspectives, 845–846 standards setting using, 848–849 STS studies, future of, 863–865 technological modifications of the body, 148–149, 510, 842–843, 853–863 testing, evaluating, and clinical trials of, 842, 850–853 history of, 843–844 medicine evidence based, 849 goals of, 856 regenerative, 859–863 mental illness See psychopharmaceuticals mental models/modeling, 260, 266–267, 271–272 Microsoft, 487 military, science and technology, and the changes in, influences on, 725–726 Cold War era, 721, 725 conclusion, 731–732 co-production of politics and science, 726 introduction, 719 post–World War II, 641, 649–655 research and development, 720–725 security in the post-9/11 world, 730–732 STS contribution to understanding, 729–730 STS formation and, 719–723 technical-political-social relations, 727 university relations, shifting boundaries in, 720–721, 723–725 weapons, culture of, 720–725 weapons development and acquisition, 720, 722, 727 military-entertainment complex, 728–729 1058 mimesis, 142–148, 363 Minerva, 49 MIT, 386, 644 modeling analogical, 271–272 simulative, 272 visual, 272 models economic, 696 external, 267 as incomplete concepts, 308 mental, 266–267, 271–272 for predicting climate change, 925 modernization, diffusionist model, 189–192 the modern world introduction, 433–436 scientific authority in, 37, 433–448 scientific beliefs influence on the modern mind, 436–439 triumph of science over religion, 436–438 moral values, 72, 764, 861 multicultural critiques of liberal theory, 72–73 muscular dystrophy research, 22, 453–454, 460–461, 518 nanobiotechnologies (NBTs), 862–863 nanotechnology anticipatory governance, 991–993 defining, 980–981 ensemble-ization, trend toward, 990–991 future of, 979–980 introduction, 979–980 opportunities, challenges, and ironies, 993–994 policy mandates, 982–984, 987 societal issues, emergent, 981–982 STS scholarship, foresight, engagement, and integration, 985–990, 993 Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), 980 National Cooperative Research Act (NCRA), 657 National Research Council (NRC), 648 National Technologies Transfer Act, 657 National Tuberculosis Association, 500 Natural History Museum, horse fossil exhibit, 83–88, 104–105 natural law tradition, 764–765 nature and the environment See also environmental movement conclusion, 939–940 Subject Index economic issues, 926–927, 928–929 global warming and humanly induced climate change, 923–930 introduction, 921–923 nature reconstruction, 937–939 weather modification technologies, 939 Nazi science, 45, 67 neoclassical economic theory, 665–667, 695–697, 903, 909 neoclassical growth theory, 791 neo-institutional theory, 363 neo-Kantianism, 39, 41, 42 neoliberalism, 670–671, 704 networks, 265 See also Actor-Network Theory (ANT) argument-construction using, 218 assemblages and, 592–594, 598 distribution of power in sociotechnical, 547 in innovation systems, 792–793 research fields connection, 476 sociotechnical, 592–593, 722 user innovation, 554 new growth theory, 790–792, 795, 796 New Institutionalism, 390 new media industry, 149 new social movements (NSMs), 75, 454–455, 475 new social movement theory, 474–475 nonexpertise, defense of, 614–615 nonviolence movement, 485 Office of Science and Innovation, Great Britain, 78 Office of Technology Transfer (OTT), National Institutes of Health, 587 ontological engineering, 143 open content movement, 487 oral culture of mathematicians, 358–359 organ donation, 860, 883–885 organized skepticism, 68, 775 parents of preemies movement, 514–515, 523–524 patent law, 657, 705 patents/patenting of DNA sequences, 882 importance to technology transfer, 253, 661, 695, 705 life patenting decision, 768 role in UIRRs, 693–694, 699, 706 Subject Index patient advocacy groups See health advocacy and patient organizations patients organ donors defined as, 882–883 self-management of illness, 519 PDP Research Group, 262–263 peace movement, 478, 484 pedagogy, 386, 389–390 performativity concept, 910–911 personality influence on theory choice, 244 pharmaceuticals, development and circulation of clinical trials in, 749–750, 754, 850–853 conclusion, 755 introduction, 741–744 patents and, 521 patient activism regarding, 521 pharmacogenomic profiling, 752–755 placebo response/responders, 750–752, 754 proving efficacy, impediments to, 750 the re-codification of illness for, 746–748 and the search for authenticity and identity, 858 target populations, marketing to, 753 pharmacogenomics, 753 phenomenology, 41, 42 Physical Sciences Study Commission (PSSC), 382–383 place See also knowledge mobility attraction of specific, 356–357 conclusion, 369 contestation through domestic protest and vandalism, 368–369 contesting science, 365–369 experiential and embodied understanding of, 366–367 face-to-face communication in, 357–359 field trials, 366–368 fostering collaboration through, 697–700 geographic patterns in knowledge construction, 355–359 introduction, 353–355 in legitimizing knowledge, 359–360 in materializing science, 359–365 scientific inquiry and, 369 training and, 379–380 truth of experience, importance to, 355 ways of knowing, 366–367 placeless places, 353, 354, 364 planned economy, 40 planned science, 45 1059 planning and antiplanning, 40, 45, 46 policy development, public influence on in determining science policy and funding, 225–226 global warming, 929 GM nation debate, 457–459, 596, 936–937 nuclear waste disposal, 726 pharmaceuticals, development and circulation, 520–521 political opportunity theory, 474 political theory communitarianism, conservatism, and the sociology of science, 69–71 critical theory, multiculturalism, feminism, 71–73 language of STS and the language of policy, 78–79 liberalism and, 63 scientific liberalism (20th century) and, 66–69 STS as, 64 politics of nanotechnology, 983–984 power as necessary to achievement in, 43 and science, boundary between, 35–37, 587–589 scientific model for, 65–66 “Politics as a Vocation” (Weber), 42–43 politics-science-technology relations, 21, 23–26, 75–78, 583–584 polity of science, 64–65 Poor Law reform, 39 positivism/positivist thinking, 36–38, 42, 764, 765 positivist model of knowledge accumulation, 768 postcolonial studies of technoscience, 183 power in politics, 43 user-expert relations and, 547 pragmatist theory of truth, 88 Pramoedya’s chickens, 193–194 private property rights, 77 probability judgments, basis for, 269 Problem of Extension, 23–24 production-consumption relationship, 544–545, 552–555, 959–962 prosthetics in the human/machine interface, 148–150, 510, 854–856 psychiatry, biomedical, 745–746 1060 psychopharmaceuticals beginnings, 744–746 development of diagnostic standards, 747–748 measuring the efficacy of interventions, 747 pharmacogenomic profiling in developing, 754 placebo effect in antidepressant trials, 748–752 regulation guidelines of randomized clinical trials, 746–747 regulatory norm guiding, 744, 749 specificity model, 744, 754–755 transforming patient identity through medication response, 755 publications,, visual displays in scientific, 301 Public Engagement with Science and Technology (PEST) model, 78, 619 public good concept, 665–668 public ignorance of science, 436–439, 450–452 See also public understanding of science public participation defined, 449 democratizing expertise, 76–77 rhetoric of engagement, 78–79 in technological design, 75–77 public participation in science conclusion, 464–467 co-production of knowledge through, 452–457, 589–590 in decision-making, 75–77 depoliticization of, 76 formal initiatives promoting, 457–459 home diagnostic testing, 852–853 influence on policy formulation in determining science policy and funding, 225–226 global warming, 929 GM nation debate, 457–459, 596, 936–937 nuclear waste disposal, 726 pharmaceuticals, development and circulation, 520–521 mass media in increasing, 464–465 nanoscale science and engineering, 987–988 open-endedness of, 463 a proposed interpretative framework, 459–464 Subject Index in scientific governance processes, 594–595 sponsored forms of, 461–462 spontaneity of, 461–463 public relations of science initiative, 645 public relations-science deficit model, 597 public understanding of science acceptance politics and the, 992–993 critical/interpretive model, 452 deficit model, 450–452, 458, 460, 466–467, 822 knowledge necessary for, 74 nanoscale science and engineering, 987–988 Public Understanding of Science (PUS) model, 78, 619, 822 Public Understanding of Science and Technology (PUST) model, 983–984 radical science movement, 476–477 Radium Institute of Vienna, 365 random walk hypothesis (RWH), 903–904 rational mechanics, history of, 36 reasoning, research on, 267–271 rectification, 88 regenerative medicine (RM), 859–863 regulatory science, 776 relativism, 15, 87, 89, 94–95, 105, 610 research and development in developing countries, investment in, 797–798 European Union, pursuit of competitiveness and, 663–664 international outsourcing of, 656, 660–661 nanotechnology, 979, 982–983 patient associations and health advocacy, influence on, 520 public and private aspects of inquiry, 361–363 research as labor, 324–328 research facilities, global standardization of, 353 See also place research organizations, capitalism models of, 667–671 research tools, commodification of, 671 Research Triangle Park, 694 resource mobilization theory, 474 restoration ecology, 937–939 rhetoric, 225 risk embodied in genetic testing, 891–893 financial, 914–915 Subject Index risk society, 766–767 robotics, 145–148 Royal Society in London, 33 rule of disembodied intelligence in AI, 146–148 Salk Institute of Biological Studies, 361 science autonomy of, 45 characteristics of, 378 cultures of, 15–16 defining as “other” vs “in particular”, 450–452 faith of the public in, 439 goals of, 38, 247–249 the language of, 762 Merton’s four norms of, 45, 700 professional vs popular, 359 pure, 43, 643, 648 socially responsible, 18 as vocation, 42–43, 701 Science, Technology and Society, 18–19 Science Advisory Board (SAB), U.S., 587 “Science as a Vocation” (Weber), 42–43 science-as-private-property, 77–78 science education, STS and, 391–392 Science for the People, 476 science policy, discipline of, 75–76 science shop system, 19, 455 science-society relation, 42, 44 science studies Bacon’s groundwork for, 33–34 Comte’s positivism, 35–38 Condorcet’s influence, 34–35 extensiveness and, 39–42, 45–47 Mach as a transitional figure in, 38–39 origins, 33–35, 49–50 Pearson as a transitional figure in, 38–39 post–World War I, 42–43 post–World War II, 47–49 pragmatic turn in, 205–206 Saint-Simon’s radicalization of, 35–36 science-technology-politics relations, 583–584 scientific and intellectual reform movements, 476 scientific authority, 34–38, 433–448 scientific autonomy, 46 scientific decision-making, 244–245 scientific democratization, 16–21, 25–26, 34–38, 45–46, 225–226, 595–598 scientific efficiency, 38 1061 scientific evidence, courts role in establishing, 456 scientific freedom, 45–46 scientific imaging and visualization (SIV) deployment of visualizations, 304–307 engagement of visualization, 300, 302–304 imaging practices and performance of images, 298–300 introduction, 297–298 production of visualizations, 301–302 research agenda, 307–309 scholarship on, 297–298 scientific method, 37, 38–39, 67–68, 440 scientific objectivity, 187 scientific reasoning, 259–260 Scientific Revolution, 107, 434–435 scientific thought, 259, 361–363 scientists as activists, 476–477, 484–485, 508 role conflict, academic ideals and commercial interests, 701–702 scientometrics, 390 script approach to user configuration, 549–551 secrecy in science, 49, 253, 701, 724–725 self-other boundary See human body, technological modification of Sellafield nuclear processing plant, 22, 451, 461 semiotics approaches to users, 548–551 September 11, 2001, 388, 730–732 service work, robotics in the context of, 146 sheep farmers, Cumbrian, 22, 367, 451–452 shop right doctrine, 646 Silicon Valley, 698–699 situated knowledges, 594–595 skepticism in knowledge acquisition, 96–100, 107 organized, 68, 775 radical, 68 social change/social progress destabilizing effects of innovation, 766–767 developments affecting growth in patient groups and health movements, 514–515 society-technology relationship, 168, 172, 571–574 transformation through science, 186–189 Social Construction of Technology (SCOT), 16, 543–545 1062 social epistemology of science introduction, 241–243 normative recommendations, 243, 250–255 authority, 251 normative tools, 243–250 socialism, scientific, 67 social movements, science, technology, and See also activist movements; specific movements conclusion, 487–488 cross-movement bridges, 484 historical perspective, 475 introduction, 473 loci of change in, 475–476 mappings, 475–478 networks and research fields connection with, 476 nineteenth century, 477 scientists involvement in, 476–477 social movement theory, 474–475 Social Relations of Science movement, 46, 49 Social Responsibility for Science movement, 49 social studies of finance (SSF) conclusion, 915–916 financial information and price as epistemic themes, 902–907 financial models, technology, and risk, 914–915 impact of theoretical models and technology, 909–914 introduction, 901–902 social and cultural boundaries of financial economics, 907–909 social worlds activities within, 118 the arena in, 113, 116–123 boundaries between, 124 defined, 113, 115 implicated actors and actants in, 118–119, 123, 124 infrastructures in, 115 sensitizing concepts, 119–120 simultaneous participation in, 118 in the symbolic interactionist tradition, 114–116 social worlds framework in analyzing medical technologies, 845–846 ecological model underlying, 114 groups, communities and inventories of space, 114 Subject Index history of, 114 identity construction in, 115 introduction, 113–114 overview of methodological aspects, 127–129 as a theory/methods package, 116–117 social worlds studies of controversies and disciplines, 123–127 cooperation/collaboration without consensus, 125–127 sensitizing concepts, 117–127 work objects concept, 125 social worlds theory ANT compared, 122–123 grounded theory method of data analysis, 117, 127–128 identity construction in, 126 key analytical power of, 122 situational analysis, 127–129 society learning by, 796 science as a model for understanding, 42, 44 scientists as saviors of, 35–37 Society for Freedom in Science, 46 society-technology relationship causality in, 955–959 patient associations and health advocacy, influence on, 520 reordering social relationships and the, 849–850 social change/social progress, 168, 172, 571–574 sociology, 36, 41–42 sociology of knowledge, 14, 40, 41 sociology of science, 47–50, 69–71, 75, 475, 700 sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK), 64, 70–72, 145, 773 sociology of structuralism, 115 sociology of technology, 547 sociotechnical change, 547, 555 sociotechnical networks, 592–593 sociotechnical systems, 574–577 Soviet model of science, 43–44, 45, 47 speech communication, study of rhetoric in, 215 Standard Industrial Park, 694 Stanford Industrial Park, 698 Stanford Linear Accelerator, 363 Subject Index Stata Center, 364 State, Operator, and Result (Soar) project, 142–144 Stellafield nuclear reprocessing plant, 451 Sterling Hall, University of Wisconsin, 368 strong program, 14, 17, 770, 781, 916 Strong Programme, 227, 241–242, 249, 261, 279, 292 STS (Science and Technology Studies/Science, Technology and Society) analytical frameworks, 181 background, 1–7, 280 constructing as a critical discipline, 618–620 goals of, 741 language of, and the language of policy, 78–79 Marxist-influenced, 71 overview, 13–26 scholarship, goals of present day, 9 shift in orientation of, 75–76 theoretical vs activist positions, 9, 13, 18–21 substantive theory of technology, 71–72 symbolic interactionist approach to science and technology, 16, 21 symmetry principle, 166f, 169–171, 610 symptomatic technology, 953 technical revolution, the, 964 technocracy, 435 technological change agents of, 543–545, 546 discontinuity/continuity perspectives on, 962–964 resistance to, 550–551, 555, 961–962 social consequences of, 962–965 technological design bias in the technological code, 71–72 production-consumption link, 959–962 public participation in, 75–77 technological determinism, 165, 167–169, 171–175, 571–572, 952–954 technological drama, 182 technological modernity, 193 technology See also user-technology relationship adoption and reconfiguration through social movements, 476 anthropology of, 182 co-construction of, 544, 572 1063 consumption role in development of, 544–545, 552–555, 959–962 culture of, 72 democratization of, 75–78 development process, 959–962 domestication of, 551–554, 961 feminist studies of, 545–546 politicization of, 76 as private property, 77 social constructivist perspectives, 845 social shaping of military, 726–727 success elements, 16 technology-society relationship causality in, 953, 955–959 patient associations and health advocacy, influence on, 520 reordering social relationships and the, 849–850 social change/social progress, 168, 172, 571–574 technology transfer, 253, 661, 691, 695, 705 technoscience developments affecting growth in patient groups and health movements, 514–515 emergent, 813–816 as an ethnoscience, 307 geographies of, 184–192 political orders of, 21 postcolonial studies of, 181–184, 186–189, 192–194 public mobilization on issues in, 454–455 technoscience actants, 354–355 technoscientific democracy, 16–21, 25–26 technoscientific politics, 23–26 television technology and programming, 953 textbooks, scientific, 383–384 textual studies analyzing scientific argument, 219–222 theory of relativity, 41 think tank, beginnings, 651 thought collective, 91–94 time, formative quality of, 99 totalitarianism, 69 Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), 656, 706, 798–799 trading zones, 192, 273, 302, 358, 388, 389 training and knowledge creation community created through, 382–383 gendered differentiation in, 382 1064 training and knowledge creation (cont.) generational reproduction resulting from, 379–385 institutional and disciplinary politics of, 385–388 introduction, 377–379 moral economies, fostering, 381–383 payoffs, 389–392 pedagogical dimension of, 377–378, 388–389 place in, 379–380 postdoctoral, 385 traveling theory, 183 trust about testimony, 250–251 in credibility of science, place in, 369 in experts, 24 by the public regarding organ donation, 885–886 safety of GM foods, 934–935 in regulatory institutions, rebuilding, 596 in science, 707–708 talk and gesture’s importance to, 358 truth correspondence theory of, 95–96, 105 as an event, 94 of experience, 355 pragmatist theory of, 88 producing scientific, 34 seen in visualizations, 299–300 Ulysses project, 929 Unity of Science movement, 441 universalism, scientific, 68 university-corporation, blurring of boundaries, 643–649, 665–673 university-government, blurring of boundaries, 693–694 university-industry research relationships (UIRRs) the American university system and, 699–700 conclusion, 704–708 contexts and antecedents, 692–694 economic benefits, measuring and modeling, 694–697 economic development from, 699 funding in for academic research and development, 692 achievement in patenting with, 699 direct compensation from licensing, 699 Subject Index expectations of self-financing, 697 federal, 691, 693–694, 697, 699 industrial, 691–692, 694 post-Cold War, 702 prioritization/categorization of knowledge production with, 703 profit-taking from IP, 699 for research parks and incubators, 698 state support, 697 statistics, 691–692, 699 geographic location in fostering, 697–700 innovation development with, 699–700 international implications for, 706–707 introduction, 691–692 legal approaches, 705 metrics and economics, quantification of, 696 new knowledge production society resulting from, 700–704 patents role in, 693–694, 699–700, 706 post-1980 collaboration, 702 post-Cold War, 702 scholarship on, 696–697 societal change resulting from, 700–704 spinoffs and, 698 user-innovation communities, 456–457, 486 users, of technology as change agents, 543–546, 961–962 as consumers, 878–879 user-technology relationship conclusion, 555–557 cultural and media studies approaches, 551–554 defining the user, 546 designers configuration of users, 548–549 design-use boundaries in the, 544, 554–555 end-users, lead users, and implicated actors, 543, 546–547 feminist studies of, 545–548 innovation studies, 542–543 introduction, 541 production-consumption link, 544–545, 552–555, 959–962 semiotic approaches to, 548–551 U.S Naval Observatory, 365 utilitarian theory of science, 42–43 virtual, feminist investigations of the, 150 visualizations deployment of, 300, 304–307 in distributed cognition, 267 Subject Index engagement of, 300, 302–304 as incomplete models, 308 interpretative openness vs persuasive authority in, 305–309 key source of legitimacy for, 304 openness to manipulation, 304, 308 the personal in, 307 production of, 300, 301–302 War Socialism, 40 weapons cultures, 724 weather modification technologies, 939 Weltanschauung, 40 women in science See also gender cross-national representation in academia, 406–407, 408f evolution of participation, 404–406 family responsibilities, effects of, 409, 411, 414 historically, subordinate status of, 403–404 increasing participation with continuing segregation, 407–409 productivity, factors influencing, 410–412 social and economic backgrounds, 412 social equality of, 406 status of women in society correlated to status of science in society and, 412, 418 structure supporting, 415–417 universal role overload and surplus anxiety for, 413–414 variance by country and discipline, 408f women’s movement globalization of, 476 health social movements and, 478–479 worker democracy, 77–78 workplace, politics of technology in the, 77–78 World Trade Organization, 486, 935–936 World Wide Web, 323 writing, role in scientific arguments, 219–222 Yucca Mountain controversy, 590 1065 ... 74 nanoscale science and engineering, 987–988 Public Understanding of Science (PUS) model, 78, 619, 822 Public Understanding of Science and Technology (PUST) model, 983–984 radical science movement,... substantive theory of technology, 71–72 symbolic interactionist approach to science and technology, 16, 21 symmetry principle, 166 f, 169 –171, 610 symptomatic technology, 953 technical revolution, the, ... deference toward science/ scientists, 770–771 experts and expertise in the, 619, 766, 776 the language of, 762 making science in the court, 455–456 morality of the, 764 natural law and judicial decision-making,