The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies Part 12 pptx

Notes 1. As the creators of the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) wrote, “a major purpose of the RDC is to enable investigators to select relatively homogeneous groups of subjects who meet specified diagnostic criteria” (Spitzer et al., 1978). 2. As Pierre Macherey (1998) puts it, “the norm ‘produces’ the elements on which it acts as it elabo- rates the procedures and means of this action.” 3. As one pharmaceutical company executive wrote, “Pharmacogenetics will enable individuals to be classified according to their likely response to a medicine” (Roses, 2000: 860). An industry analyst (Sadee, 1998) writes that pharmacogenomics heralds “the therapeutic management of individual patients.” 4. John Maragnore, senior vice president of strategic product development, Millennium (in BioIT World, n.d.). 5. See Waldby (2001) for a similar argument with respect to the technical efficacy of the “central dogma” in molecular biology. 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The Right Patients for the Drug 759 [...]... research agenda on science and technology in the development process THREE PERSPECTIVES Science and Technology Studies Over the decade since the last edition of this Handbook, the social sciences have been flooded with analysis of processes of change in the world system, often under the Knowledge and Development 789 rubric of globalization (Worthington, 1993) Globalization has many meanings, but the predominant... scientist’s-eye view of science for legal audiences, the Manual helped reinforce a particular understanding of science s relationship to the law It is a small illustration of the broader proposition that the image of science the law defers to is importantly a construct of the legal process itself The law serves in this respect as a site and an instrument of co-production 772 Sheila Jasanoff Co-production The framework... science and evidence done by other students of the law Much of that analysis focused, especially from the early 1990s onward, on the law’s capacity to distinguish reliable from unreliable science and on the impact of the Supreme Court’s trilogy of evidence rulings At stake in these writings is the very nature of the adjudicatory process, with associated struggles for authority between science and the. .. destabilize the absolute certainty of the prosecution’s story and exonerated the suspect; yet, the very contingency of the outcome underscores the Dutch courts’ continued reliance on the neutrality of expertise and deference to the NFI as the legitimate source of forensic knowledge Preoccupied with the concept of expertise, and more generally with the problem of demarcation, STS scholars have not on the whole... typing, and engineering practice In keeping with the theme of deference, the FJC recruited David Goodstein, physicist and vice-provost of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), to write a chapter entitled “How Science Works.” Goodstein critically reviewed the theories of three classic philosophers of science Bacon, Popper, and Kuhn—before offering his own account of the sociology of scientific... years of service on that body Similarly, apart from the historian of science Daniel Kevles, no other STS scholar sat on the National Academy of Science Committee on Science, Technology and the Law in its first six years The membership of both bodies consisted of professional lawyers and scientists Even I, of course, had a law degree 9 Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 347 U.S 483 (1954) 10... disease (Coutinho, 1999) The STS contribution to development is the freedom to envision both problems and solutions in local ways, without the imposition of the categories used in the sciences or technologies of the North New Growth Theory Economics provides another strand of thinking about science and technology in the global South Unlike STS, where Southern stories are not set apart, economics has a... draws attention to the ungovernable dimensions of science and technology, and by extension to the law’s role in managing the unmanageable through discourses of justice and reason (Jasanoff, 1995, 1990; Wynne, 1982) But as STS scholarship has importantly shown, the assumption of linearity, almost of determinism, built into the risk paradigm—casting science and technology as proactive and law as reactive—needs... institutions as their objects of study, STS analysts of science and the law are uniquely positioned to explore and question the hidden normativities underpinning the demarcations that matter in contemporary society These, as the CLS movement and its intellectual descendants most cogently argued, are the divides that consistently separate the weak from the strong, the rich from the poor, the disabled from the competent,... competent, and the socially marginal from the powerful and privileged Relentlessly concerned with the law’s epistemic authority, STS students of science, technology, and the law have been on the whole less attentive to the law’s Making Order: Law and Science in Action 781 magisterial role in constructing and maintaining justice, legitimacy, and constitutional order and, of course, in holding at bay the disruptive . within science and technology; we need equally to follow law-work and law-workers as they pass into and through the workplaces of science and technology. Second, the divergent cultural attributes and. epistemology, and culture. The section on engagements traces the relationship of science and technology with the law as a historical phenomenon and an emerging field of academic inquiry. The theme of authority. al., 1994) science. Accounts of the development of science are incomplete without taking on board the shaping influence of legal imperatives and imaginations, and of necessity the work of legal