FIGURE 3.5 Spine layout. © 2001 by CRC Press LLC 4 Structural Control of Large-Scale Flexibly Automated Manufacturing Systems 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The FMS Operational Model and the Manufacturing System Deadlock The FMS Operational Model • The Underlying Resource Allocation System (RAS) and the RAS Taxonomy • The Nature of the RAS Deadlock and Generic Resolution Approaches • Literature Review of the FMS Deadlock Problem • Developing Correct and Scalable Deadlock Avoidance Policies for Contemporary FMS 4.3 The Single-Unit RAS and the Deadlock Avoidance Problem The Single-Unit RAS • Structural Analysis of the Single-Unit RAS • An Algebraic FMS State-Safety Characterization • Deadlock Avoidance Policies — General Definitions 4.4 Single-Unit RAS Admitting Polynomially Computable Optimal DAP Deadlock Detection in Single-Unit RAS • Single-Unit RAS Models with No Deadlock-Free Unsafe States 4.5 Polynomial-Kernel Deadlock Avoidance Policies for Single-Unit RAS The Resource Upstream Neighborhood (RUN) Policy • The Resource Ordering (RO) Policy • Ordered States and the FMS Banker’s Algorithm 4.6 Efficiency Considerations for Polynomial-Kernel DAPs Policy Disjunctions and Essential Difference • Optimal and Orthogonal Orderings for RUN and RO DAPs • Combining Polynomial-Kernel DAPs with Partial Search 4.7 Additional Issues and Future Directions in FMS Structural Control Current strategic and technological trends in discrete-part manufacturing require extensive and flexible automation of the underlying production systems. However, even though a great deal of work has been done to facilitate manufacturing automation at the hardware component level, currently there is no adequately developed control methodology for these environments. In particular, it has been realized Spyros A. Reveliotis Georgia Institute of Technology Mark A. Lawley Purdue University Placid M. Ferreira University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign © 2001 by CRC Press LLC . Press LLC 4 Structural Control of Large-Scale Flexibly Automated Manufacturing Systems 4. 1 Introduction 4. 2 The FMS Operational Model and the Manufacturing System Deadlock The FMS Operational. Operational Model • The Underlying Resource Allocation System (RAS) and the RAS Taxonomy • The Nature of the RAS Deadlock and Generic Resolution Approaches • Literature Review of the FMS Deadlock. flexible automation of the underlying production systems. However, even though a great deal of work has been done to facilitate manufacturing automation at the hardware component level, currently there is