Amphotericin B lipid complex, 162, 164t Ampicillin, 126, 127t, 157, 163t for urinary tract infections, 143 Ampicillin-sulbactam, 157, 163t Amrinone, for shock, 67t, 68 Amylase: ascitic fluid, 279 serum, 256 Amyloidosis, 108, 187 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 90 ANA. See Antinuclear antibody Anaerobic metabolism, 49, 60, 313 Anal fissure, 255 Analgesia: for acute pancreatitis, 260 for vascular access, 22 Anaphylactic reaction, 60, 62 to transfusion, 317 Anaphylactoid reaction, 62 Ancrod, 304 Anemia, 63, 275, 310–313, 329–330t causes of, 310–312 consequences of, 312 definition of, 310 management of, 312–313 transfusion therapy for, 313–316 Anemia of chronic disease, 310 Angiodysplasia, 254 Angiography, selective, for gastrointestinal bleeding, 255 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, for acute myocardial infarction, 221 Anion gap, 112–113 Anoscopy, 255 Antacids, 129 Antecubital vein, placement of central venous catheter, 30 Anthropometric measurements, 170 Antibiotic therapy, 156–163. See also specific drugs choice of antibiotics, 126–127 empiric, 127t Index 363 for catheter-related bloodstream infection, 139 for diarrhea, 148 in febrile patient, 125–126, 125t for meningitis, 341 for pneumonia, 131, 134–135 for respiratory failure in HIV- infected patient, 150 for hepatic encephalopathy, 286 intravenous dosages, 163–164t prophylactic: in acute liver failure, 272 in acute pancreatitis, 260 for secondary bacterial peritonitis, 280 for spontaneous bacterial peritoni- tis, 279 Anticholinergic drugs, 121t, 327 Anticoagulants, 198 in venous transducer lines, 20 Antidiuretic hormone, 115, 235, 238, 276 Antihistamines, 205t Antimicrobial-impregnated catheter, 18, 136–137 Antimicrobial resistance, 126, 137, 153–156 Antimitochondrial antibody, 267 Antinuclear antibody, 265, 266t Antipyretics, 125 Anti-smooth muscle antibody, 265, 266t Anuria, 104, 107 Anxiolytic medication, 22 Aortic dissection, 256, 328 Aortic insufficiency, 26, 51 Aortic regurgitation, 41 Aortoenteric fistula, 246, 255 APACHE II score, for acute pancreatitis, 258 Aplastic disorders, 303t Apnea test, 346 Apneustic breathing, 327, 328f indx.qxd 11/7/01 4:24 PM Page 363 aPTT. See Activated partial thrombo- plastin time ARAS. See Ascending reticular activating system ARDS. See Acute respiratory distress syndrome ARF. See Renal failure Argatroban, 304 Arginine, 177 Arousal: determination of level of, 331 disorders of, 322 Arrhythmias, 185–210. See also specific arrhythmias cardioversion for, 208–209, 209t drug therapy for, 210t toxic and metabolic causes of, 205–208, 205t Arsenic poisoning, 205t Arterial blood gas analysis, 23, 112, 112t pulmonary artery, 8 in shock, 61 Arterial cannulation, 20 arterial waveform analysis and artifact, 26–27 complications of, 24–26, 25t flushing of catheters, 25 monitoring of blood chemistry, 23–24 monitoring of systemic arterial pressure, 24 percentage of ICU patients with, 121t pulse oximetry, 27–29 site and technique for, 24–26 Arterial waveform: analysis of, 26–27 artifacts, 26–27 Arteriovenous malformation, 311 Ascending reticular activating system, 323 Ascites: in cirrhosis, 275–284 364 Index development of, 275–276 diagnosis of, 276–277 diagnostic paracentesis in, 277–278, 277t secondary bacterial peritonitis in, 280 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in, 275, 279–280 treatment of: refractory ascites, 282–283 uncomplicated ascites, 280–282 Ascitic fluid culture, 278, 278t Aseptic technique, 16–19, 137 ASMA. See Anti-smooth muscle anti- body Aspartate aminotransferase, serum, 250, 262, 269 Aspergillosis, 163 Aspiration, 128t, 129, 173, 181, 245, 253, 357. See also Pneumonia Aspirin: for acute myocardial infarction, 216, 220 bleeding complications, 247, 301 Assist-control ventilation, 74–79, 74t, 75f, 81t AST. See Aspartate aminotransferase Asthma, 221 airway management in, 358 mechanical ventilation in, 78f, 90 Asymptomatic bacteriuria, 140–141, 142t Asystole, 194t Ataxic breathing, 327, 328f Atelectasis, 91, 130t Atherosclerosis, 214 Ativan. See Lorazepam Atovaquone, for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 152 Atracurium, 356, 356f Atrial fibrillation, 187, 194, 195–196f, 196, 198, 209–210t, 215, 222, 234 indx.qxd 11/7/01 4:24 PM Page 364 Atrial flutter, 187, 194, 196, 196f, 198, 209–210t Atrial mass, 41 Atrial myxoma, 51 Atrial tachycardia, 194 Atrioventricular block, 192–193 first-degree, 187–188, 193, 193–194t second-degree, 189f type I, 188, 193, 194t, 206 type II, 188, 191, 193, 193–194t, 206 “Atrioventricular dissociation,” 199, 201f, 202 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, 194, 198–199 Atrioventricular node, 187 Atropine: for atrioventricular block, 188 for bradycardia, 186, 289 for complete heart block, 190 Auto-PEEP, 78, 78f, 80, 83f, 84, 85f, 86, 88–90 Autoimmune adrenalitis, 237 Autoimmune hepatitis, 264–267 Autoimmune thyroiditis, 232 Autonomic dysfunction, 121t AV node. See Atrioventricular node Axillary artery cannulation, 24–25 Azlocillin, 157 Aztreonam, 127t, 161, 164t B “Baby lung” concept, 87 Bacampicillin, 157 Bacteremia, 18–19, 124 Bacterial meningitis, 152, 336, 341 Bacterial overgrowth, gastric, 129 Bacteriuria, asymptomatic, 140–141, 142t Bag-valve-mask apparatus, 94 BAL. See Bioartificial Liver; Bronchoalveolar lavage Index 365 Balloon tamponade, for variceal bleeding, 252–253 Band ligation, for variceal bleeding, 252–254 Barbiturates, for cerebral edema, 274 Basilar artery occlusion, 340 BBB. See Bundle branch block Beer-Lambert law, 27 Behçet’s disease, 329t Bell’s phenomenon, 334 Benzodiazepines, 350–353, 351f, 359 drug interactions, 352 general effects of, 352 prescribing in renal failure, 111 reversal of, 352f for status epilepticus, 341 Benztropine, for extrapyramidal symptoms, 354 Beta blockers, 187–188 for acute myocardial infarction, 220–221 to prevent variceal bleeding, 254 for supraventricular arrhythmias, 196 for thyrotoxicosis, 234 Bezold-Jarisch reflex, 190 Bi-level positive airway pressure, 99 Bicarbonate, serum, 60, 112–113, 112t Bile duct obstruction, 263 Bile duct stricture, 266 Biliary colic, 256 Bilirubin, 250, 262–263, 265t, 310, 312 total. See Total bilirubin Bioartificial Liver, 275 Biofilm, 153 BiPAP. See Bi-level positive airway pressure Bismuth subsalicylate, for Helicobacter pylori infection, 249t Bleeding disorders, laboratory studies in, 300t indx.qxd 11/7/01 4:24 PM Page 365 Bleeding time, 300, 300t Blood chemistry, monitoring of, 23–24 Blood culture, 122–124, 137–138, 138t, 144 quantitative, 138t Blood loss, anemia from, 312 Blood pressure: in coma, 328 in management of increased intracranial pressure, 339 Blood products, 314–315t. See also specific products; Transfusion therapy administration of, 316 fluid management in shock, 66 for hemostasis, 308–310 incompatible, 317 risks of, 66 Blood urea nitrogen, in renal failure, 104–105, 110 Blood viscosity, 312 Blood volume, 276, 310 Bloodstream infections, primary, 120t Body temperature. See also Fever; Hyperthermia in coma, 327 hypothalamic set-point, 121 Body weight, ideal, 170 Bone marrow transplant, 153 Bowel sounds, 181, 288 Brachial artery cannulation, 24–25 Bradycardia, 186–187 in coma, 327 drug-induced, 187 pacing for, 191 Brain death, 346 Brain herniation, 334–336 Brainstem: absence of activity of, 346 evaluation of function of, 332–335 Branched-chain amino acids, 286 “Breath stacking,” 79 366 Index Bronchitis, 150 Bronchoalveolar lavage, 151 quantitative, 132–133, 133t Bronchopleural fistula, 91 Bronchoscopic techniques, 131, 131t for diagnosis of pneumonia, 132–133, 133t Budd-Chiari syndrome, 268, 275 Bulging flank, 276 BUN. See Blood urea nitrogen Bundle branch block, 189 bilateral, 193–194t left, 193, 193–194t, 202t right, 193, 193–194t, 202t Burn patient: airway management in, 358 nutritional support for, 175t, 179 pulmonary artery catheter for, 48 shock in, 63 C CAD. See Coronary artery disease Calcium, elemental, for hypocalcemia, 208 Calcium channel blockers, 187–188, 221 for supraventricular arrhythmias, 196 Calcium gluconate, for hyperkalemia, 206 Caloric content, of major nutrients, 174 Caloric requirement, 174–175, 174–175t Caloric testing, 333–334 Calorimetry, indirect. See Indirect calorimetry Candidiasis, 329t disseminated. See Disseminated candidiasis Cannon A waves, 191, 202 Capillary leak, 63 Capnography, 52–53 indx.qxd 11/7/01 4:24 PM Page 366 Captopril, for acute myocardial infarction, 221 Carbipenem, prescribing in renal failure, 111 Carbohydrates: composition of parenteral and enteral formulations, 173t daily requirement for, 174t, 175 dietary, 178 Carbon dioxide: in exhaled air, 52–53 increased production of, 2t production of, 9, 171–172 retention of, 7 Carbon monoxide poisoning, 329t Carboxyhemoglobinemia, 28 Cardiac arrest, 268, 343, 344f Cardiac arrhythmias. See Arrhythmias Cardiac catheterization, 64 Cardiac glycosides, for shock, 68 Cardiac indexes, 38, 46t derived, 43–45 Cardiac markers, 64, 215 Cardiac output, 10–11, 26, 49, 51 in anemia, 312 continuous, 48 effect of positive pressure ventilation, 88–89f oxygen delivery and, 11–12 thermodilution, 42–43, 43f Cardiac pharmacologic intervention, assessment of, 45–47 Cardiac rehabilitation program, 224 Cardiac tamponade, 41, 51, 60, 63 Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, 82, 87–88, 88f Cardiogenic shock, 222–224 differential diagnosis of, 63–64 hemodynamic profile in, 57, 57t management of, 223 patient history in, 58 treatment of, 68 Cardiomyopathy, 63, 202, 268 Index 367 Cardiopulmonary interaction, assess- ment of, 47–48 Cardiothoracic surgery, nutritional support for, 175t Cardiovascular system: infection of, 120t in shock, 58–59t Cardioversion, 196, 203, 208–209, 209t for atrial fibrillation, 209t for atrial flutter, 209t for reentrant supraventricular tachycardia, 209t for torsades de pointes, 204 for ventricular fibrillation, 208–209, 209t for ventricular tachycardia, 209t Carotid sinus massage, 198–199 Catheter. See also specific types of catheters gauge of, 20 insertion site, 137 patency of, 20 Catheter colonization, 138–139, 138t Catheter infection, 18–19 without bacteremia, 19 bloodstream, 19, 124, 135–140 antibiotic therapy for, 127t, 139 catheter type and, 136–137 causative microorganisms, 139, 139t definition of, 138t diagnosis of, 137–139, 138t insertion and maintenance of catheter, 137 prevention of, 136–137 risk factors for, 135–136 therapy for, 139–140 local, 138t microbiologic methods for evalua- tion of, 138t pulmonary infiltrate in, 130t indx.qxd 11/7/01 4:24 PM Page 367 Catheter whip, 27 CAVH. See Continuous arterio- venous hemofiltration Cecal perforation, 289 Cecostomy, 289 Cefazolin, 158, 163t Cefepime, 127t, 158, 163t for infection in immunocompromised patients, 149 Cefotaxime, for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 279 Ceftazidime, 158, 164t for infection in immunocompromised patients, 149 Ceftriaxone, 158, 163t Cefuroxime, 163t Central brain herniation, 335 Central nervous system, in shock, 58–59t Central neurogenic hyperventilation, 327, 328f Central pontine myelinolysis, 115–116, 326 Central venous catheter, 20 central venous pressure monitoring, 34–36, 36f complications of, 29–30, 31t external jugular vein cannulation, 30, 34 indications for, 29, 29t infections related to, 136 inferior vena cava cannulation, 29–30, 32f internal jugular vein cannulation, 30, 33–34, 33f monitoring in shock, 65 percentage of ICU patients with, 121t peripherally inserted, 34 replacement of, 137 subclavian vein cannulation, 30, 32–33, 33f 368 Index superior vena cava cannulation, 29–32, 33f Central venous pressure, 44 monitoring of, 34–36, 36f waveforms, 35, 36f Cephalosporins, 127t, 157–158 first-generation, 158 fourth-generation, 158 intravenous dosages of, 163–164t prescribing in renal failure, 111 second-generation, 158 side effects of, 311 third-generation, 158 for pneumonia, 135 for urinary tract infections, 143 Cerebral blood flow, 336–337, 337f, 346 Cerebral edema, 336 in acute liver failure, 273–274 Cerebral infarction, 340 Cerebral perfusion pressure, 336–337 Cerebral vasculitis, 326 Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, 335–336, 341 Ceruloplasmin, 265, 266t Cervical spine injury, 90, 186, 358 Cherry-red skin, 329t Chest pain, 214–216, 221 Chest radiography, 63, 124 Cheyne-Stokes respiration, 327, 328f CHF. See Congestive heart failure Child-Turcotte-Pugh scoring system, for liver disease, 276t, 284, 287 Chlorhexidine-impregnated catheter, 136 Chloride, serum, 113 Cholangiocarcinoma, 266 Cholangitis, 260, 264–265 Cholecystitis, 256, 263 Choledocholithiasis, 262, 266 Cholestasis, 263–266, 266f extrahepatic, 263 intrahepatic, 263 indx.qxd 11/7/01 4:24 PM Page 368 Chromium deficiency, 177 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 112t, 114, 221 mechanical ventilation in, 78f, 88–90 Chronotropy, 44–45 Chylothorax, 173–174 Ciprofloxacin, 161, 164t for prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 279 Cirrhosis, 244, 275–288 ascites in, 275–284 diagnosis of, 275 hepatic encephalopathy in, 275, 284–286 hepatorenal syndrome in, 275–276, 287–288 primary biliary, 263, 266 variceal bleeding and, 250 Cisapride, 205t Cisatracurium, 356, 356f Citrate toxicity, 318 Clarithromycin, for Helicobacter pylori infection, 249t Clindamycin, for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 152 Clopidogrel, for acute myocardial in- farction, 220 Clostridium difficile colitis, 123, 125, 130t, 147–148, 158 Cluster breathing, 328f CMV. See Controlled mechanical ventilation Coagulation cascade, 301, 301f Coagulation disorders, 301–302, 305–308 in acute liver failure, 272 congenital, 306–307 in shock, 61 stress-induced ulcers and, 248 Coagulation factor deficiency, 302, 308 Cocaine, 205t Coccidiodomycosis, 150 Index 369 Collagen vascular disease, 187 Colloid replacement, during large- volume paracentesis, 283–284 Colonic pseudo-obstruction, acute: clinical presentation in, 288–289 management of, 289–290 pathogenesis of, 288 Colonization: catheter, 138–139, 138t risk factor for pneumonia, 128t, 129–130 Colonoscopy, 289 for gastrointestinal bleeding, 254–255 Coma, 321–346. See also specific types of coma assessment of, 326–335 general examination, 327–330, 328f neurologic examination, 330–335 causes of, 325–326 conditions that mimic, 325 definition of consciousness, 322–323 diagnosis of, 323–325, 324t diagnostic tests in, 335–336 prognosis of, 342–345 nontraumatic coma, 342–345, 343–344f traumatic coma, 345 treatment of: causes of coma that require early treatment, 340–342 reducing intracranial pressure, 336–340 Coma scale, 274 Complete blood count, 312 ascitic fluid, 278t Complete heart block, 188–191, 189–190f, 193 Computed tomography: in acute pancreatitis, 257–259, 260t indx.qxd 11/7/01 4:24 PM Page 369 Computed tomography (cont.) in ascites, 277 of head, 335, 341 Conditionally essential amino acids, 177 Congestive heart failure, 2t, 64, 130t, 196, 275, 327, 330, 338 Conjugate deviation, 333 Conjugate vertical eye movements, 333 Conjunctivitis, 100 Consciousness: anatomy of, 322–323 definition of, 322–323 state of, assessment of, 331, 331t Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration, 110–111 Continuous hemofiltration, 288 Continuous positive airway pressure, 98, 99t, 100 Continuous venovenous hemofiltration, 111 Controlled mechanical ventilation, 74, 74t, 75f Coombs’ test, 313 COPD. See Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Copper deficiency, 177 Corneal reflex, 334 Coronary artery disease, 124, 187, 196, 204, 214 Corticosteroids: for adrenal failure, 238 adverse effects of, 112t, 329t for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 303 for immune hemolytic anemia, 311 for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 304 for toxoplasmosis, 152 Corticotropin hormone, 235 Corticotropin-releasing hormone, 235, 238 370 Index Corticotropin stimulation test, 236 Cortisol, 234–236, 235f, 238–239 Coumadin, 300t CPAP. See Continuous positive airway pressure CPM. See Central pontine myelinoly- sis Cranial nerve palsy, 334 Craniopharyngioma, 325 Craniotomy, decompressive, 340 Creatine kinase-MB, 215–216 Creatinine, serum, 141t, 288t, 289 in renal failure, 105 Creatinine clearance, in renal failure, 104–105, 110 CRH. See Corticotropin-releasing hormone Cross contamination, risk factor for pneumonia, 129 Cryoprecipitate, 305–307, 309–310, 315t Cryptococcosis, 152, 163 Crystalloid: for diabetic ketoacidosis, 241 for shock, 66–67 CT. See Computed tomography Cullen’s sign, 256 Cushing reflex, 327 CVVH. See Continuous venovenous hemofiltration Cyanosis, 329t Cyclophosphamide, for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 303 Cysteine, 177 Cytokines, 56–57, 62, 177, 231, 234, 237 Cytomegalovirus, 153, 268, 317 D D-dimer test, 300t, 302, 305–306 Damping, arterial pressure monitor, 27 indx.qxd 11/7/01 4:24 PM Page 370 Danaparoid sodium, 304 Danazol, for idiopathic thrombo- cytopenic purpura, 303 Dantrolene, for neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 354 De-efferented state. See Locked-in syndrome Dead space ventilation, 7, 9, 114 Death, brain criteria for, 346 Decerebrate posturing, 334 Decompressive craniotomy, 340 Decorticate posturing, 334 Deep venous thrombosis, 30, 124 Defibrillation, 208–209 Dehydration, 63, 121t Demerol. See Meperidine Denver shunt, 283 Depolarizing agents, 355–356, 356f Dermatomyositis, 329t Desmopressin: for platelet dysfunction, 305 for von Willebrand’s disease, 307 Dexamethasone: for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 303 for thyrotoxicosis, 234 Dextran: fluid management in shock, 66 after large-volume paracentesis, 284 Dextrose 5% in water, for hypernatremia, 116 Diabetes insipidus, 116 Diabetes mellitus, 108, 141t, 228, 240–241 Diabetic ketoacidosis, 114, 228, 240–241, 256 Dialysis, 105, 107, 109–111, 159–160, 273, 305 continuous arteriovenous hemofil- tration, 110–111 continuous hemofiltration, 288 continuous venovenous hemofiltration, 111 Index 371 elective, 110 emergency, 110 for hyperkalemia, 206 intermittent hemodialysis, 111 nutritional support and, 178 peritoneal, 110 Dialysis catheter, 20 Diaphragm, rupture of, 63 Diarrhea, 147–148 acid-base abnormalities in, 113 causative microorganisms, 147 in immunocompromised patients, 149 therapy for, 148 Diazepam, 350–352, 351f DIC. See Disseminated intravascular coagulation Diencephalic pupil, 332 Dietary fiber, 178 Diffusion limitation, as cause of hypoxemia, 3–7 Digoxin: for arrhythmias, 196, 210t bradycardia related to, 187–188 prescribing in renal failure, 111 for shock, 68 Diltiazem, for arrhythmias, 196, 210t Dinamap, 24 Diphenhydramine: for extrapyramidal symptoms, 354 premedication for transfusion, 316 Disease transmission, in blood products, 317 Disseminated candidiasis, 123, 143–145 diagnosis of, 144 pathogenesis of, 143–144 risk factors for, 143–144 species of Candida, 145t therapy for, 144–145, 163 Disseminated intravascular coagulation, 61, 264, 300t, 303t, 305–306, 329t indx.qxd 11/7/01 4:24 PM Page 371 Distributive shock: differential diagnosis of, 62–63 hemodynamic profile in, 57, 57t, 60 patient history in, 58 symptoms of, 60 Diuresis, 63 excessive, 112t Diuretics: for ascites, 280–281 for renal failure, 109 Diverticulosis, 254 Dobutamine, for shock, 67–68, 67t Dopamine: reduction in intracranial pressure, 339 for renal failure, 109 for shock, 67–68, 67t Dorsalis pedis artery cannulation, 24 DRSP. See Streptococci, drug- resistant Drug fever, 122t, 130t Drug-induced liver injury, 268 Drug intoxication, 342 Drug overdose, 326 Duodenal ulcer, 256, 280 DVT. See Deep venous thrombosis D5W. See Dextrose 5% in water Dynamic hyperinflation, 78, 78f, 80, 84, 86, 88–90 Dysoxia, 49 E Ear, nose, and throat infection, 120t Eaton-Lambert syndrome, 90 Ecchymosis, 329t Echocardiography, 50–51, 224 in acute myocardial infarction, 216 in shock, 61, 63–65 Ecthyma gangrenosum, 329t EEG. See Electroencephalography Ejection velocity index, 51 ELAD. See Extracorporeal Liver Assist Device 372 Index Elderly patient, airway management in, 358 Electrical cardioversion. See Cardioversion Electrocardiography. See also specific arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction, 215 in shock, 64 Electroencephalography, 336 brain death criteria, 346 Electrolyte(s), serum, 61 Electrolyte imbalance, 204, 338 Encephalitis, 326 Encephalopathy: hepatic. See Hepatic encephalopathy hypertensive. See Hypertensive en- cephalopathy End-tidal carbon dioxide, 52–53 Endocarditis, 188, 329–330t Endocrine disease, 227–242 Endophthalmitis, candidal, 144 Endoscopic procedures: for gastrointestinal bleeding, 248, 251 for variceal bleeding, 252–254 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 261, 266 Endotoxin, 57, 122t, 126, 141 Endotracheal aspiration, for diagnosis of pneumonia, 132, 133t Endotracheal intubation, 129, 357 in coma, 326 in gastrointestinal bleeding, 245 in hepatic encephalopathy, 273 Energy expenditure, 171 Enoxaparin, for acute myocardial in- farction, 220 Enteral nutrition, 109–110, 116, 129 composition of formulations, 173t diarrhea and, 147 general approach to, 181, 182f indx.qxd 11/7/01 4:24 PM Page 372 [...]... of: postrenal, 107 108 prerenal, 106 107 renal, 107 definition of, 104 106 diagnostic considerations in, 108 109 intravenous dosages of antimicrobials in, 163–164t long-term outcome in, 112 management of See also Dialysis diuretics and dopamine, 109 “soft” interventions, 109 – 110 nutritional support for, 175t, 178 prescribing common drugs in, 111 quantification of, 104 106 Renal function, in shock, 58–59t,... syndrome, 288 heterotopic auxiliary, 274 for variceal bleeding, 254 LMWH See Low-molecular-weight heparin Local anesthetics, for vascular access, 22 Locked-in syndrome, 325, 336 Lomefloxacin, 160 Long-arm central catheter, 34 Long QT interval syndrome, 204, 205t Lorazepam, 351–352, 351f Low-molecular-weight heparin, 220, 304, 306 Low-pressure ventilator alarm, 94f Lumbar puncture, 341 Lung disease See also... coma, 240 Interleukin-2, 56 Interleukin-6, 232 Interleukin-11, 302 Intermittent hemodialysis, 111 Internal jugular vein cannulation, placement of central venous catheter, 30, 33–34, 33f International Normalized Ratio, 301 Internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 333–334 Interstitial lung disease, 91 Interstitial nephritis, 107 Intra-abdominal abscess, 124 Intra-abdominal inflammation, 288 Intra-aortic counterpulsation... 264–265 Hemodialysis See Dialysis Hemodynamic monitoring, 15–53 Hemodynamic profile, in shock, 57, 57t Hemoglobin, 10 11, 28, 107 , 310, 312–313, 315 Hemoglobin saturation, 48 Hemoglobinopathy, 310, 312 Hemolysis, 107 , 263, 265t extravascular, 311 intravascular, 310 Hemolytic anemia, 310 311, 329t Hemolytic reactions, to blood products, 317 indx.qxd 11/7/01 376 4:24 PM Page 376 Index Hemolytic uremic... acidosis, 113 Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, 236, 276 Reperfusion therapy, 216–219 Respiration, in coma, 327, 328f Respiratory acidosis, 112t, 114 Respiratory alkalosis, 93, 112t, 115, 339 Respiratory failure, 1–13 See also Hypercapnia; Hypoxemia; Mechanical ventilation acid-base abnormalities in, 112t colonic pseudo-obstruction in, 288 in HIV-infected patients, 150–152, 151t stress-induced ulcers... Retinol-binding protein, 171, 171t Revascularization, with cardiogenic shock, 223 Reverse T3, 230–231 Reye’s syndrome, 268 Rhabdomyolysis, 105 , 107 Rifampin, 311 for diarrhea, 148 Rifampin-impregnated catheter, 136 Right ventricular ejection fraction, 48–49 Right ventricular end-diastolic volume, 48 RME See Resting metabolic expenditure Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 329t Rocuronium, 358 Romano-Ward... leukocyte-reduced cells, 314t, 315 packed cells, 315 washed cells, 314t, 316 Red man syndrome, 159 Reentrant supraventricular tachycardia, 209t Reflectance spectrophotometry, 27, 48 Reflex ocular testing, 333–334 Remifentanil, 354 Renal colic, 256 Renal failure, 103 –117 acid-base abnormalities and, 112–115, 112t acute, 62 in acute liver failure, 272–273 anemia in, 310 causes of: postrenal, 107 108 prerenal,... G6PD deficiency See Glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Graft versus host disease, 317 Gram-negative bacteria, antibioticresistant, 156 Gram’s stain, ascitic fluid, 278 Grave’s disease, 233 Growth hormone, 239 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 90, 112t Gut motor hypothesis, 18–19, 52 H Haloperidol, 353–354 side effects of, 205t, 353–354 Handwashing, 129 Haptoglobin, 310 311 Harris-Benedict equation, 175,... pressure LVP See Large-volume paracentesis LVSWI See Left ventricular stroke work index Lymphoma, 263 M Macrolide antibiotics, arrhythmias and, 205t Macular-papular rash, 329t Magnesium: for arrhythmias, 210t for hypomagnesemia, 208 381 Magnetic resonance imaging, of brain, 335 Malaria, 311 Malignant hyperthermia, 121t Malignant tumor, 122t Mallory-Weiss tear, 247–249 Malnutrition, 105 , 183f Mannitol:... Positive end-expiratory pressure (cont.) “best-PEEP” approach, 87 “open lung” approach, 87 removal of, 96 in restrictive lung disease, 91, 92f in unilateral lung disease, 92 settings for mechanical ventilation, 81–82t, 82–84, 85f “sneaky-PEEP,” 8 treatment of hypoxemia, 8 Positive fluid wave, 276 Positive pressure ventilation, 35 Post-transfusion purpura, 303–304, 303t Postrenal renal failure, 107 108 Posturing, . 57, 57t Hemoglobin, 10 11, 28, 107 , 310, 312–313, 315 Hemoglobin saturation, 48 Hemoglobinopathy, 310, 312 Hemolysis, 107 , 263, 265t extravascular, 311 intravascular, 310 Hemolytic anemia, 310 311, 329t Hemolytic. 256 Dialysis, 105 , 107 , 109 –111, 159–160, 273, 305 continuous arteriovenous hemofil- tration, 110 111 continuous hemofiltration, 288 continuous venovenous hemofiltration, 111 Index 371 elective, 110 emergency,. variceal bleeding, 254 LMWH. See Low-molecular-weight heparin Local anesthetics, for vascular access, 22 Locked-in syndrome, 325, 336 Lomefloxacin, 160 Long-arm central catheter, 34 Long QT interval