Mollison’s Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine - part 7 doc

Borst-Eilers E (1972) Rhesusimmunisatie: onstaan en pre- ventie. MD Thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Bowell PJ, Wainscot JS, Peto TEA et al. (1982) Maternal anti-D concentrations and outcome in rhesus haemolytic disease of the newborn. BMJ 285: 327–329 Bowell PJ, Brown SE, Dike AE et al. (1986) The significance of anti-c alloimmunization in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 93: 144–1048 Bowell PJ, Inskip MJ, Jones MN (1988) The significance of anti-C sensitization in pregnancy. Clin Lab Haematol 10: 251–255 Bowley CC, Dunsford I (1949) The agglutinin anti-M associated with pregnancy. BMJ ii: 681 Bowman JM (1983) Blood group immunization in obstetric practice. Curr Probl Obstet Gynecol 7: 4–61 Bowman JM (1984) Controversies in Rh prophylaxis. In: Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn. G. Garratty (ed.), pp. 67–85. Arlington, VA: Am Assoc Blood Banks Bowman JM (1990) Treatment options for the fetus with alloimmune hemolytic disease. Transfus Med Rev 4: 191–207 Bowman JM (1994) Intrauterine and neonatal transfusion. In: Scientific Basis of Transfusion Medicine. KC Anderson, PM Ness (eds). Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Bowman JM, Pollock JM (1965) Amniotic fluid spectro- photometry and early delivery in the management of erythroblastosis fetalis. Pediatrics 35: 815 Bowman JM, Pollock JM (1985) Transplacental fetal hemorrhage after amniocentesis. Obstet Gynecol 66: 749–754 Bowman JM, Pollock JM (1987) Failures of intravenous Rh immune globulin prophylaxis; an analysis of the reasons for such failures. Transfus Med Rev 1: 101–112 Bowman JM, Pollock J (1993) Maternal C w alloimmunization. Vox Sang 64: 226–230 Bowman JM, Chown B, Lewis M et al. (1978) Rh- immunization during pregnancy, antenatal prophylaxis. Can Med Assoc J 118: 623 Bowman JM, Friesen AD, Pollack JM et al. (1980) WinRho: Rh immune globulin prepared by ion exchange for intravenous use. Can Med Assoc J 123: 1121–1125 Bowman JM, Lewis M, De Sa DJ et al. (1984) Hydrops fetalis caused by massive maternofetal transplacental haemorrhage. J Pediatr 104: 769–772 Bowman JM, Harman FA, Manning CR et al. (1989) Erythroblastosis fetalis produced by anti-k. Vox Sang 56: 187–189 Brossard Y, Pons JC, Jrad I et al. (1996) Maternal-fetal hemorrhage: a reappraisal. Vox Sang 71: 103–107 Brouwers HAA, Overbeeke MAM, van Ertbruggen I et al. (1988a) What is the best predictor of the severity of ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn? Lancet ii: 641–644 Brouwers HAA, Overbeeke MAM, Huiskes E et al. (1988b) Complement is not activated in ABO-haemolytic disease of the newborn. Br J Haematol 68: 363–366 Bruce M, Watt AH, Gabra GS et al. (1985) Rh null with anti- Rh29 complicating pregnancy: the first example in the United Kingdom. Commun Br Blood Transfus Soc, Oxford Brumit MC, Carnahan GE, Stubbs JR et al. (2002) Moderate hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) due to anti-Rh17 produced by a black female with an e variant phenotype. Immunohematology 18: 40–42 Budin P (1875) A quel moment doit-on pratiquer la ligature du cordon ombilical? Progr Méd (Paris) 3: 750 (see also (1876) 4: 2 and 36) Bürki U, Degnan TJ, Rosenfield RE (1964) Stillbirth due to anti-U. Vox Sang 9: 209 Bystryn J-C, Graf MW, Uhr JW (1970) Regulation of antibody formation by serum antibody. II. Removal of specific antibody by means of exchange transfusion. J Exp Med 132: 1279 Caballero C, Vekemans M, Lopez del Campo JG et al. (1977) Serum alpha-fetoprotein in adults, in women during pregnancy, in children at birth, and during the first week of life: a sex difference. Am J Obstet Gynecol 127: 384 Caine ME, Mueller-Heubach E (1986) Kell sensitization in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154: 85–90 Cariani L, Romano EL, Martinez N et al. (1995) ABO- haemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN): factors influencing its severity and incidence in Venezuela. J Trop Pediatr 41: 14–21 Carpentier M, Meersseman F (1956) Considération sur le traitement, à propos d’un cas d’isoimmunisation gra- vidique vis-à-vis du facteur A. Bull Soc Roy Belge Gynécol Obstet 26: 374 Chilcott J, Lloyd Jones M, Wight J et al. (2003) A review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of routine anti-D prophylaxis for pregnant women who are rhesus- negative. Health Technol Assess 7(4) Chilcott J, Tappenden P, Lloyd Jones M et al. (2004) The economics of routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis for pregnant women who are rhesus negative. Br J Gynaecol 111: 903–7 Chitkara U, Bussel J, Alvarez M et al. (1990) High dose intravenous gamma globulin: does it have a role in the treatment of severe erythroblastosis fetalis. Obstet Gynecol 76: 703–708 Chiu RW, Murphy MF, Fidler C et al. (2001) Determination of RhD zygosity: Comparison of a double amplification refractory mutation system approach and a multiplex real- time quantitative PCR approach. Clin Chem 47: 667–672 Chown B (1955) On a search for rhesus antibodies in very young foetuses. Arch Dis Child 30: 237 Clarke CA, Mollison PL (1989) Deaths from Rh haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, 1977–87. J R Coll Phys 23: 181–184 Clarke SC, Whitfield AGW (1979) Deaths from rhesus haemolytic disease in England and Wales in 1977: accuracy CHAPTER 12 536 of records and assessment of anti-D prophylaxis. BMJ i: 1665–1669 Cohen F, Zuelzer WW (1967) Mechanisms of isoimmunization. II. Transplacental passage and postnatal survival of fetal erythrocytes in heterospecific pregnancies. Blood 30: 796 Cohen F, Zuelzer WW, Gustafson DC et al. (1964) Mechanisms of iso-immunisation. I. The transplacental passage of fetal erythrocytes in homospecific pregnancies. Blood 23: 621 Contreras M, Gordon H, Tidmarsh E (1983) A proven case of maternal alloimmunization due to Duffy antigens in donor blood used for intrauterine transfusion (Letter). Br J Haematol 53: 355–356 Costa FH, Cardim WH, Mellone O (1960) Fototerapia. Novo recurso terapeutico na hiperbilirubinemia do recem- nascido. J Pediatr 25: 347–391 Crawford DH, Barlow MJ, Harrison JF et al. (1983) Production of human monoclonal antibody to rhesus D antigen. Lancet 1(8321): 386–388 Crawford H, Cutbush M, Mollison PL (1953) Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-A. Blood 8: 620 Cremer RJ, Perryman P, Richards DH (1958) Influence of light on the hyperbilirubinaemia of infants. Lancet i: 1094 Dacus JV, Spinnato JA (1984) Severe erythroblastosis secondary to anti-Kp b sensitization. Am J Obstet Gynecol 150: 888–889 Daffos F, Capella-Pavlovsky M, Forrestier F (1985) Fetal blood sampling during pregnancy with use of a needle guided by ultrasound: a study of 606 consecutive cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 153: 655–660 Daniels G (1995) Human Blood Groups. Oxford: Blackwell Science Daniels GL (2002) Human Blood Groups, 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell Science Daniels GL, Hadley AG, Green CA (1999) Fetal anaemia due to anti-Kell may result from immune destruction of early erythroid progenitors. Transfus Med 9(Suppl.): 16 Daniels GL, Finning K, Martin P et al. (2004) Fetal blood group genotyping from DNA from maternal plasma: an important advance in the management and prevention of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Vox Sang 87: 225–232 Davey MG (1976a) Antenatal administration of anti-Rh: Australia 1969–1975. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Rh Antibody Mediated Immunosuppression. Raritan, NJ: Ortho Research Institute Davey MG (1976b) Epidemiology of failures of Rh immune globulin and ABO protection. In: Proceedings of Sym- posium on Rh Antibody Mediated Immunosuppression. Raritan, NJ: Ortho Research Institute Davidson LT, Merritt KT, Weech AA (1941) Hyper- bilirubinemia in the newborn. Am J Dis Child 61: 958 Davis BH, Olsen S, Bigelow NC et al. (1998) Detection of fetal red cells in fetomaternal hemorrhage using a fetal hemoglobin monoclonal antibody by flow cytometry. Transfusion 38: 749–756 DeMarsh QB, Windle WF, Alt HL (1942) Blood volume of newborn infants in relation to early and late clamping of the umbilical cord. Am J Dis Child 63: 1123 Denomme GA, Ryan G, Seaward PG et al. (2004) Maternal ABO-mismatched blood for intrauterine transfusion of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Rh17. Transfusion 44: 1357–1360 Desjardins L, Blajchman MA, Chintu C et al. (1979) The spectrum of ABO hemolytic disease of the new born infant. J Pediatr 95: 447–449 De Young-Owens A, Kennedy M, Rose RL et al. (1997) Anti-M isoimmunization: management and outcome at the Ohio State University from 1969–1995. Obstet Gynecol 90: 962–996 Diamond LK (1947) Erythroblastosis foetalis or haemolytic disease of the newborn. Proc R Soc Med 40: 546 van Dijk BA, de Man AJM, Kunst VAJM (1994) Quantita- tion of fetomaternal hemorrhage by a fluorescent micro- sphere method (Abstract). Vox Sang 67 (Suppl. 2): 34 Divakaran TG, Waugh J, Clark TJ et al. (2001) Noninvasive techniques to detect fetal anemia due to red cell alloimmunization: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 98: 509–517 Dooren MC, Engelfriet CP (1993) Protection against Rh D- haemolytic disease of the newborn by a diminished transport of maternal IgG to the fetus. Vox Sang 65: 59–61 Dooren MC, Kuijpers RWAM, Joekes EC et al. (1992) Protection against immune haemolytic disease of newborn infants by maternal monocyte-reactive IgG alloantibodies (anti-HLA-DR). Lancet i: 1067–1070 Dooren MC, van Kamp IL, Kanhai HHH et al. (1993) Evidence for the protective effect of maternal Fc-R blocking IgG alloantibodies HLA-DR in Rh-D haemolytic disease of the newborn. Vox Sang 65: 55–58 Dooren MC, Kamp IL, Scherpenisse JW et al. (1994) No beneficial effect of low-dose fetal intravenous gammaglobulin administration in combination with intravascular transfusions in severe RhD haemolytic disease. Vox Sang 66: 253–257 Dukler D, Oepkes D, Seaward G et al. (2003) Noninvasive tests to predict fetal anemia: a study comparing Doppler and ultrasound parameters. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188: 1310–1314 DuPan RM, Wenger P, Koechli S et al. (1959) Étude du passage de la γ-globuline marquée à travers le placenta humain. Clin Chim Acta 4: 110 Dziegiel MH, Koldkjaer O, Berkowicz A (2005) Massive antenatal fetomaternal hemorrhage: evidence for long- term survival of fetal red blood cells. Transfusion 45: 539–544 HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE FETUS AND THE NEWBORN 537 Edelman L, Margaritte C, Chaabihi H et al. (1997) Obtaining a functional recombinant anti-rhesus (D) antibody using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system. Immunology 91: 13–19 Einhorn MS, Granoff DM, Nahm MH et al. (1987) Concentration of antibodies in paired maternal and infant sera: relationship to IgG subclass. J Pediatr 111: 783–788 Eklund J (1978) Prevention of Rh immunization in Finland. A national study, 1969–1977. Acta Paediatr Scand 274 (Suppl.): 1–57 Eklund J, Nevanlinna HR (1971) Immuno-suppression therapy in Rh-incompatible transfusion. BMJ iii: 623 Eklund J, Nevanlinna HR (1973) Rh prevention: a report and analysis of a national programme. J Med Genet 10: 1 Eklund J, Hermann M, Kjellman H et al. (1982) Turnover rate of anti-D IgG injected during pregnancy. BMJ 284: 854–855 Ellis MI, Hey EN, Walker W (1979) Neonatal death in babies with Rhesus isoimmunization. Q J Med (NS) 48: 211–225 Engelfriet CF, Ouwehand WH (1990) ADCC and other cellular bioassays for predicting the clinical significance of red cell alloantibodies. In: Blood Transfusion: the Impact of New Technologies. M Contreras (ed.). Baillière’s Clinical Haematology 3: 321–337 Falterman CG, Richardson J (1980) Transfusion reaction due to unrecognized ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn infant. J Pediatr 97: 812–814 Finn R, Harper DT, Stallings SA et al. (1963) Transplacental hemorrhage. Transfusion 3: 114 Finning KM, Martin PG, Soothill PW et al. (2002) Prediction of fetal D status from maternal plasma: introduction of a new noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping service. Trans- fusion 42: 1079–1085 Finning K, Martin P, Daniels G (2004) A clinical service in the UK to predict fetal Rh (Rhesus) D blood group using free fetal DNA in maternal plasma. Ann NY Acad Sci 1022: 119–23 Firan M, Bawdon R, Radu C et al. (2001) The MHC class I- related receptor, FcRn, plays an essential role in the maternofetal transfer of gammaglobulin in humans. Int Immunol 13: 993–1002 Fischer K (1961) Morbus Haemolyticus Neonatorum im ABO-System. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag Fleetwood P, De Silva PM, Knight RC (1996) Clinical significance of red cell antibody concentration in pregnancy (Abstract). Br J Haematol 93 (Suppl 1.): 13 Forestier F, Daffos F, Galacteaos F et al. (1986) Hematological values of 163 normal fetuses between 18 and 30 weeks gestation. Pediatr Res 20: 342–346 Fraser ID, Tovey GH (1976) Observations on Rh isoimmunisation: past, present and future. Clin Haematol 5: 149 Freiesleben E, Jensen KG (1961) Haemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-M. The value of the direct con- glutination test. Vox Sang 6: 328 Frigoletto FD, Greene MF, Benaceraff BR et al. (1986) Ultrasonographic fetal surveillance in the management of the isoimmunized pregnancy. N Engl J Med 315: 430–432 Garner SF, Gorick BD, Lai WYY et al. (1995) Prediction of the severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn. Vox Sang 68: 169–176 Gemke RJ, Kanhai HH, Overbecke MA et al. (1986) ABO and Rhesus phenotyping of fetal erythrocytes in the first trimester of pregnancy. Br J Haematol 64: 689–697 Gerlini G, Ottaviano S, Sbraccia C et al. (1968) Reattività dell’antigene A 1 e suoi rapporti con la malattia emolitica del neonato da incompatibilità ABO. Haematologica 53(Suppl.): 1019 Giblett ER (1964) Blood group antibodies causing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Clin Obset Gynecol 7: 1044 Gilja BK, Shah VP (1988) Hydrops fetalis due to ABO incompatibility. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 27: 210–212 Gitlin D, Kumate J, Urrusti J et al. (1964) The selectivity of the human placenta in the transfer of plasma proteins from mother to fetus. J Clin Invest 43: 1938 Goodrick MJ, Hadley AG, Poole G (1997) Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn due to anti-Fy(a) and the potential clinical value of Duffy genotyping in pregnancies at risk. Transfus Med 7: 301–304 Gordon MC, Kennedy MS, O’Shaughnessy RW et al. (1995) Severe hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Js b . Vox Sang 69: 140–141 Gorlin JB, Kelly L (1994) Alloimmunization via previous transfusion places female Kp b -negative recipients at risk for having children with clinically significant hemolytic disease of the newborn. Vox Sang 66: 46–48 Gottstein R, Cooke RW (2003) Systematic review of intravenous immunoglobulin in haemolytic disease of the newborn. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 88: F6–F10 Grannum PAT, Copel JA (1988) Prevention of Rh isoimmunization and treatment of the compromised fetus. Semin Perinatol 12: 324–335 Grant CJ, Hamblin TJ, Smith DS et al. (1983) Plasmapheresis in Rh hemolytic disease: the danger of amniocentesis. Int J Artif Organs 6: 83–86 Greenwalt TJ, Sasaki T, Gajewski M (1959) Further examples of haemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Duffy (anti-Fy a ). Vox Sang 4: 138 Greiss MA, Armstrong-Fisher SS, Perera WS et al. (2002) Semiautomated data analysis of flow cytometric estimation of fetomaternal hemorhagge in D-women. Transfusion 42: 1067–1078 Grozdea J, Alie-Daram S, Vergnes H et al. (1995) About diminished transport of maternal IgG (RhD alloimmunization) to the fetus. Vox Sang 68: 134–135 Grumbach A, Gasser C (1948) ABO-inkompatibilitäten und Morbus haemolyticus neonatorum. Helv Paediatr Acta 3: 447 CHAPTER 12 538 Hackney DN, Knudtson EJ, Rossi KQ et al. (2004) Manage- ment of pregnancies complicated by anti-c isoimmunisation. Obstet Gynecol 103: 24–30 Hadley AG, Garner SF, Taverner JM (1993) AutoAnalyzer quantification, monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and chemilu- minescence assays for predicting the severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn. Transfus Med 3: 195–200 Halbrecht I (1951) Icterus precox: further studies on its frequency, etiology, prognosis and the blood chemistry of the cord blood. J Pediatr 39: 185 Hall AM, Cairns LS, Altmann DM et al. (2005) Immune responses and tolerance to the RhD blood group protein in HL-A transgenic mice. Blood 105: 2175–2179 Hammerström L, Smith CIE (1986) Placental transfer of intravenous immunoglobulin (Letter). Lancet i: 681 Hardy J, Napier JAF (1981) Red cell antibodies detected in antenatal tests on Rhesus positive women in south and mid Wales 1948–1978. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 88: 91–100 Hartmann O, Brendemoen OJ (1953) Incidence of Rh antibody formation in first pregnancies. Acta Paediatr (Uppsala) 42: 20 Hay FC, Hull MGR, Torrigiani G (1971) The transfer of human IgG subclasses from mother to foetus. Clin Exp Immunol 9: 355–358 Hayashida Y, Watanabe A (1968) A case of a blood group p Taiwanese woman delivered of an infant with hemolytic disease of the newborn. Jap J Legal Med 22: 10 Helderweirt G (1963) Le passage de globules foetaux et maternels à travers le placenta. Ann Soc Belge Méd Trop 43: 575 Herron B, Reynolds W, Northcott M et al. (1996) Data from two patients providing evidence that the placenta may act as a barrier to the maternal fetal transfer of anti-Lutheran antibodies (Abstract). Transfus Med 6(Suppl. 2): 24 Hindemann P (1966) Experimentelle und klinische Unter- suchungen über eine transabdominale Späteinsch- wemmung fetaler Erythrozyten in den mütterlichen Kreislauf. Gerburtsh Frauenheilk 26: 1359 Hocevar M, Glonar L (1974) Rhesus factor immunization. In: The Ljubljana Abortion Study 1971–1973. L Ardolsek (ed.). Maryland: National Institute of Health Center for Population Research Holtrop PC, Ruedisueli K, Regan R et al. (1991) Double vs. single phototherapy in low-birth-weight infants. Pediatr Res 29: 218A Holzgreve W, Holzgreve B, Curry CJ et al. (1985) Nonimmune hydrops fetalis: diagnosis and management. Semin Perinatol 9: 52–67 Hopkins DF (1970) Maternal anti-Rh(D) and the D- negative fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 108: 268 Hoppe HH, Mester T, Hennig et al. (1973) Prevention of Rh immunisation. Modified production of IgG anti-Rh for intravenous application by ion exchange chromatography (IEC). Vox Sang 25: 308 Howarth DJ, Robinson FM, Williams M et al. (2002) A modified Kleihauer technique for the quantitation of fetomaternal haemorrhage. Transfus Med 12: 373–378 Hsu TCS, Rosenfield RE, Rubinstein P (1974) Instrumented PVP-augmented antiglobulin tests. III. IgG-coated cells in ABO incompatible babies: depressed hemoglobin levels in type A babies of type O mothers. Vox Sang 26: 326 Huchet J, Crégut R, Pinon F et al. (1975) Les hémorragies foeto-maternelles et leur importance dans la pathologie perinatale. Rev Fr Transfus Immunohématol 18: 361 Huchet J, Defossez Y, Brossard Y (1988) Detection of transplacental haemorrhage during the last trimester of pregnancy (Letter). Transfusion 28: 506 Hughes-Jones NC, Hughes MIJ, Walker W (1967) The amount of anti-D on red cells in haemolytic disease of the newborn. Vox Sang 12: 279 Hughes-Jones NC, Ellis M, Ivona J et al. (1971) Anti-D concentration in mother and child in haemolytic disease of the newborn. Vox Sang 21: 135 Huntley CC, Lyerley AD, Littlejohn MP et al. (1976) ABO hemolytic disease in Puerto Rico and North Carolina. Pediatrics 57: 875 Hussey R, Clarke CA (1992) Deaths from haemolytic disease of the newborn in 1990 (Letter). BMJ 304: 444 Hutchinson AA, Drew JH, Yu VYH et al. (1982) Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis: a review of 61 cases. Obstet Gynecol 59: 347–352 Issitt PD (1981) The MN Blood Group System. Cincinnati, OH: Montgomery Scientific Publications Johnson PRE, Tait RC, Austin EB et al. (1995) Flow cytometry in diagnosis and management of large fetomaternal haemorrhage. J Clin Pathol 48: 1005–1008 Jørgensen J (1975) Foeto-maternal blødning. MD Thesis, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Joy SD, Rossi KQ, Krigh D et al. (2005) Management of pregnancies complicated by anti-E alloimmunisation. Obstet Gynecol 105: 24–28 Katz J (1969) Transplacental passage of fetal red cells in abortion; increased incidence after curettage and effect of oxytoxic drugs. BMJ 4: 84 Kennedy GA, Shaw R, Just S et al. (2003) Quantification of feto-maternal haemorrhage (FMH) by flow cytometry: anti-fetal haemoglobin labelling potentially underestimates massive FMH in comparison to labelling with anti-D. Transfus Med 13: 25–33 King JC, Sacher RA (1989) Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. In: Contemporary Issues in Pediatric Trans- fusion Medicine. RA Sacher, RG Strauss (eds), pp. 33–53. Arlington, VA: Am Assoc Blood Banks Kirkman NN (1977) Further evidence for a racial difference in frequency of ABO hemolytic disease. J Pediatr 90: 717 Kleihauer E, Betke K (1960) Praktische Anwendung des HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE FETUS AND THE NEWBORN 539 Nachweises von Hb F-haltigen Zellen in fixierten Blutaus- strichen. Internist 1: 292 Kochwa S, Rosenfield RE, Tallal L et al. (1961) Isoagglutinins associated with erythroblastosis. J Clin Invest 40: 874 Kohler PF, Farr RS (1966) Elevation of cord over maternal IgG immunoglobulin: evidence for an active placental IgG transport. Nature (Lond) 210: 1070 Konugres AA, Fontain DK, Thiet M-P et al. (1994) Intrauterine transfusion to prevent fetal demise in a case of fetal-maternal hemorrhage. Vox Sang 67(Suppl. 2): 145 Kornstad L (1983) New cases of irregular blood group antibodies other than anti-D in pregnancy: frequency and clinical significance. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 62: 431–436 Krevans JR, Woodrow JC, Nosenzo C et al. (1964) Patterns of Rh-immunization. Commun 10th Congr Int Soc Haematol, Stockholm Kumpel BM, Goodrick J, Pamphilon DH et al. (1995) Human Rh D monoclonal antibodies (BRAD-3 and BRAD-5) cause accelerated clearance of Rh D+ red blood cells and suppression of Rh D immunization in Rh D– volunteers. Blood 86: 1701–1709 Kumpel BM, van de Winkel JGJ, Westerdaal NAC et al. (1996) Antigen topography is critical for interaction of IgG2 anti-red-cell antibodies with Fcγ receptors. Br J Haematol 94: 175–183 Lacey PA, Caskey CR, Werner OJ et al. (1983) Fatal hemolytic disease of a newborn due to anti-D in an Rh- positive Du variant mother. Transfusion 23: 91–94 Ladipo OA (1972) Management of third stage of labour, with particular reference to reduction of fetomaternal transfusion. BMJ i: 721 Lakatos L, Csathy L, Nemes E (1999) ‘Bloodless’ treatment of a Jehovah’s Witness infant with ABO hemolytic disease. J Perinatol 19: 530–2 Lam GK, Subramanyam L, Orton S et al. (2003) Minimizing red blood cell contamination while isolating mononuclear cells from whole blood: the next step for the treatment of severe hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189: 1012–6 Lambin P, Debbia M, Puillandre P et al. (2002) IgG1 and IgG3 anti-D in maternal serum and on the RBCs of infants suffering from HDN: relationship with severity of the disease. Transfusion 42: 1537–1546 Lawler SD, Vanloghem JJ (1947) The rhesus antigen C w causing haemolytic disease of the newborn. Lancet ii: 545 Lee SI, Heiner DC, Wara D (1986) Development of serum IgG subclass levels in children. Monogr Allergy 19: 108–121 Lee S, Bennett PR, Overton T et al. (1996) Prenatal diagnosis of Kell blood group (genotypes: KEL1 and KEL2). Am J Obstet Gynecol 175: 455–459 Legler TJ, Maas JH, Kohler M et al. (2001) RHD sequencing: A new tool for decision making on transfusion therapy and provision of Rh prophylaxis. Transfus Med 11: 383–388 Lenkiewicz B, Zupanska B (2000) Moderate hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Hr0 in a mother with the D–/D-phenotype. Immunohematology 16: 109–111 Levene C, Sela R, Rudolphson Y et al. (1977) Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-PP 1 P k (anti-Tj a ). Trans- fusion 17: 569 Levine P (1943) Serological factors as possible causes in spontaneous abortions. J Hered 34: 71 Levine P (1958) The influence of the ABO system on hemolytic disease. Hum Biol 30: 14 Levine P, Stetson R (1939) An unusual case of intragroup agglutination. JAMA 113: 126 Levine P, Burnham L, Katzin EM et al. (1941) The role of iso-immunization in the pathogenesis of erythroblastosis fetalis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 42: 925 Levine P, Ferraro LR, Koch E (1952) Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-S. Blood 7: 1030 Levine P, Vogel P, Rosenfield RE (1953) Hemolytic disease of the newborn. Adv Pediatr 6: 97 Lewi S, Clarke TK (1960) A hitherto undescribed phenom- enon in ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn. Lancet, ii: 456 Li TC, Bromham DR, Balmer BM (1988) Fetomaternal macrotransfusion in the Yorkshire region. 1. Prevalence and obstetric factors. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 95: 1144– 1151 Liedholm P (1971) Feto maternal haemorrhage in ectopic pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 50: 367 Liley AW (1961) Liquor amnii analysis in management of pregnancy complicated by rhesus sensitization. Am J Obstet Gynecol 82: 1359 Liley AW (1963) Intrauterine transfusion of foetus in haemolytic disease. BMJ ii: 1107 Lloyd-Evans P, Kumpel BM, Bromelow I et al. (1996) Use of a directly conjugated monoclonal anti-D (BRAD-3) for quantification of foetomaternal haemorrhage by flow cytometry. Transfusion 36: 432–437 Lloyd-Evans P, Guest AG, Austin EB et al. (2000) Use of a phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-glycophorin A monoclonal antibody as a double label to improve the accuracy of FMH quantification by flow cytometry. Transfus Med 9: 155–160 Lo YM, Hjelm NM, Fidler C et al. (1998) Prenatal diagnosis of fetal RhD status by molecular analysis of maternal plasma. N Engl J Med 339: 1734–1738 Longster GH, Robinson EAE (1981) Four further examples of anti-In b detected during pregnancy. Clin Lab Haematol 3: 351–356 Lubenko A, Contreras M (1989) A review: low-frequency red cell antigens. Immunohematology 5: 7–14 Lubenko A, Contreras M, Habash J (1989) Should anti-Rh CHAPTER 12 540 immunoglobulin be given to D variant women? Br J Haematol 72: 429–433 Lubenko A, Contreras M, Portugal CL (1992) Severe haemolytic disease in an infant born to an Rh null proposita. Vox Sang 63: 43–47 Maaskant-van Wijk PA, Faas BH, de Ruijter JA et al. (1998) Genotyping of RHD by multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis of six RHD-specific exons. Transfusion 38: 1015–1021 MacAfee CAJ, Fortune DW, Beischer NA (1970) Non- immunological hydrops fetalis. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Cwlth 77: 226 MacKenzie IZ, Bichler J, Mason GC et al. (2004) Efficacy and safety of a new, chromatographically purified rhesus (D) immunoglobulin. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 117: 154–161 McNabb T, Koh T-Y, Dorrington KJ et al. (1976) Structure and function of immunoglobulin domains. V. Binding of immunoglobulin G and fragments to placental membrane preparations. J Immunol 117: 882 Margulies M, Voto LS (1991) High dose intravenous gamma globulin: does it have a role in the treatment of severe erythroblastosis fetalis. Obstet Gynecol 77: 804–806 Mari G, Deter RL, Carpenter RL et al. (2000) Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red cell alloimmunisation. N Engl J Med 342: 9–14 Marsh GW, Stirling Y, Mollison PL (1970) Accidental injec- tion of anti-D immunoglobulin to an infant. Vox Sang 19: 468 Marsh WL, Redman CM (1990) The Kell blood group system: a review. Transfusion 30: 158–167 Martin WL, West AP Jr, Gan L et al. (2001) Crystal structure at 2.8A of an FcRn/heterodimeric Fc complex: mechanism of pH-dependent binding. Mol Cell 7: 867–877 Matson GA, Swanson J, Tobin JD (1959) Severe haemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Jk a . Vox Sang 4: 144 Matsumoto H, Tamaki Y, Sato S et al. (1981) A case of hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-M: serological study of maternal blood. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Japan 33: 525–528 Matthews CD, Matthews AEB (1969) Transplacental haemorrhage: spontaneous and induced abortion. Lancet i: 694 Mayne KM, Bowell PJ, Pratt GA (1990) The significance of anti-Kell sensitization in pregnancy. Clin Lab Haematol 12: 379–385 Menticoglou SM, Harman CR, Manning FA et al. (1987) Intraperitoneal fetal transfusion: paralysis inhibits red cell absorption. Fetal Therapy 2: 154 Miescher S, Zahn-Zabal M, De Jesus M et al. (2000) CHO expression of a novel human recombinant IgG1 anti-RhD antibody isolated by phage display. Br J Haematol 111: 157–166 Miescher S, Spycher MO, Amstutz H et al. (2004) A single recombinant anti-RhD IgG prevents RhD immunization: association of RhD-positive red blood cell clearance rate with polymorphisms in the FcγRIIA and FcγIIIA genes. Blood 103: 4028–4035 Miles RM, Maurer HM, Valdes OS (1971) Iron-deficiency anaemia at birth. Two examples secondary to chronic fetal-maternal hemorrhage. Clin Pediatr 10: 223 Millar DS, Davis LR, Rodeck CH et al. (1985) Normal blood cell values in the early mid-trimester fetus. Prenatal Diagn 5: 367–373 Miqdad AM, Abdelbasit OB, Shaheed MM et al. (2004) Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) therapy for significant hyperbilirubinemia in ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 16: 163–166 Miyoshi K, Kaneto Y, Lawai H et al. (1988) X-linked domin- ant control of F-cells in normal adult life: characterization of the Swiss type as hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin regulated dominantly by gene(s) on X chromosome. Blood 72: 1854–1860 Mollison PL (1943) The survival of transfused red cells in haemolytic disease of the newborn. Arch Dis Child 18: 161 Mollison PL (1951) Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications Mollison PL (1972) Quantitation of transplacental haemorrhage. BMJ iii: 31 and 115 Mollison PL (1983) Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine, 7th edn. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications Mollison PL, Cutbush M (1949a) Haemolytic disease of the newborn: criteria of severity. BMJ i: 123 Mollison PL, Cutbush M (1949b) Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-A antibodies. Lancet ii: 173 Mollison PL, Cutbush M (1951) A method of measuring the severity of a series of cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Blood 6: 777 Mollison PL, Cutbush M (1954) Haemolytic disease of the newborn. In: Recent Advances in Paediatrics. D Gairdner (ed.). London: J & A Churchill Mollison PL, Walker W (1952) Controlled trials of the treatment of haemolytic disease of the newborn. Lancet i: 429 Mollison PL, Engelfriet CP, Contreras M (1987) Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine, 8th edn. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications Moncharmont P, Juron-Dupraz F, Rigal M et al. (1990) Haemolytic disease of two newborns in a rhesus anti-e alloimmunised woman. Review of literature. Haemato- logia 23: 97–100 Moores PP, Smart E, Gabriel B (1994) Hemolytic disease of the newborn in infants of an O h mother (Letter). Trans- fusion 34: 1015–1016 HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE FETUS AND THE NEWBORN 541 Morell A, Skvaril F, van Loghem E et al. (1971) Human IgG subclasses in maternal and fetal serum. Vox Sang 21: 481 Morgan CL, Cannell GR, Addison RS et al. (1991) The effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on placental transfer of a platelet-specific antibody: anti-Pl A1 . Transfus Med 1: 209–216 MRC (1978) An assessment of the hazards of amniocentesis (Report of a Working Party). Br J Obstet Gynaecol 85 (Suppl. 2): 1 Munk-Andersen G (1958) Excess of group O-mothers in ABO-haemolytic disease. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 42: 43 Murray S (1957) The effect of Rh genotypes on severity in haemolytic disease of the newborn. Br J Haematol 3: 143 Murray S, Knox EG, Walker W (1965) Rhesus haemolytic disease of the newborn and the ABO groups. Vox Sang 10: 6 Nance SJ, Nelson JM, Arndt et al. (1989a) Quantitation of fetal-maternal hemorrhage by flow cytometry. A simple and accurate method. Am J Clin Pathol 91: 288–292 Nance SJ, Nelson JM, Horenstein J et al. (1989b) Monocyte monolayer assay: an efficient noninvasive technique for predicting the severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn. Am J Clin Pathol 92: 89–92 Ness PM, Salamon JL (1986) The failure of postinjection Rh immune globulin titers to detect large fetalmaternal hemor- rhages. Am J Clin Pathol 85: 604–606 Nevanlinna HR (1953) Factors affecting maternal Rh immunization. Ann Med Exp Fenn 31(Suppl. 2): 1–80 Nevanlinna HR (1965) ABO protection in Rh immunization. Commun 10th Congr Eur Soc Haematol, Strasbourg Nicolaides KH, Rodeck C (1992) Maternal serum anti-D antibody concentration and assessment of rhesus isoimmunization. BMJ 304: 1155–1156 Nicolaides KH, Rodeck CH, Millar DS et al. (1985a) Fetal haematology in rhesus isoimmunization. BMJ 290: 661–663 Nicolaides KH, Warenski JC, Rodeck CH (1985b) The relationship of fetal plasma protein concentration and hemoglobin level to the development of hydrops in rhesus isoimmunization. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 152: 341–344 Nicolaides KH, Rodeck CH, Mibashan RS et al. (1986) Have Liley charts outlived their usefulness? Am J Obstet Gynecol 155: 90–94 Nicolaides KH, Fontanarosa M, Gabbe SG et al. (1988a) Failure of ultrasonographic parameters to predict the severity of fetal anaemia in rhesus isoimmunisation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 158: 920–6 Nicolaides KH, Soothill PW, Clewell WH et al. (1988b) Fetal haemoglobin measurement in the assessment of red cell immunisation. Lancet i: 1073–1075 Nicolini U, Rodeck CH (1988) A proposed scheme for plan- ning intrauterine transfusion in patient with severe Rh- immunisation. J Obstet Gynecol 9: 162–163 Osborn LM, Lenarsky C, Oakes RC et al. (1984) Phototherapy in full-term infants with hemolytic disease secondary to ABO incompatibility. Pediatrics 74: 371–374 Owen RD, Woon HR, Foord AG et al. (1954) Evidence for actively acquired tolerance to Rh antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 40: 420 Parinaud J, Blanc M, Grandjean H et al. (1985) IgG subclasses and Gm allotypes of anti-D antibodies during pregnancy: correlation with the gravity of the fetal disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 151: 1111–1115 Pearson HA, Diamond LK (1959) Fetomaternal transfusion. Am J Dis Child 97: 267 Peevy KJ, Wiseman HJ (1978) ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn: evaluation of management and identification of racial and antigenic factors. Pediatrics 61: 475 Pembrey ME, Weatherall DJ, Clegg JB (1973) Maternal syn- thesis of haemoglobin F in pregnancy. Lancet i: 1350 Pepperell RJ, Barrie JU, Fliegner JR (1977) Significance of red-cell irregular antibodies in the obstetric patient. Med J Aust ii: 453 Pereira L, Jenkins TM, Berghella V (2003) Conventional management of maternal red cell alloimmunization com- pared with management by Doppler assessment of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189: 1002–1006 Petz LD, Garratty G (2004) Immune Hemolytic Anemias, 2nd edn. New York: Churchill Livingstone Phibbs RH, Johnson P, Tooley WH (1974) Cardiorespiratory status of erythroblastic newborn infants. II. Blood volume, hematocrit, and serum albumin concentration in relation to hydrops fetalis. Pediatrics 53: 13 Polley MJ, Mollison PL, Rose J et al. (1965) A simple serological test for antibodies causing ABO-haemolytic disease of the newborn. Lancet i: 291 Pollock A (1968) Transplacental haemorrhage after external cephalic version. Lancet i: 612 Pollock JM, Bowman JM (1990) Anti-Rh(D) subclasses and severity of Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn. Vox Sang 59: 176–179 Popat N, Wood WG, Weatherall DJ (1977) Pattern of maternal F-cell production during pregnancy. Lancet ii: 377 Poulain M, Huchet J (1971) Appréciation de l’hémorragie foeto-maternelle après l’accouchement en vue de la préven- tion de l’immunisation anti-D (Bilan de 5.488 tests de Kleihauer). Rev Fr Transfus 14: 219 Pratt GA, Bowell PJ, MacKenzie IZ et al. (1989) Production of additional atypical antibodies in Rh(D)-sensitised pregnancies managed by intrauterine investigation method. Clin Lab Haematol 11: 241–248 Proulx C, Boyer L, St-Amour I et al. (2002) Higher affinity human D MoAB prepared by light-chain shuffling and selected phage display. Transfusion 42: 59–65 CHAPTER 12 542 Ranasinghe E, Goodyear E, Burgess G (2003) Anti-Ce complicating two consecutive pregnancies with increasing severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn. Transfus Med 13: 53–55. Rawson AJ, Abelson NM (1960) Studies of blood group antibodies. IV. Physico-chemical differences between iso- anti-A,B and iso-anti-A or iso-anti-B. J Immunol 85: 640 Reid ME, Chandrasekaran V, Sausais L et al. (1996) Dis- appearance of antibodies to Cromer blood group system antigens during mid pregnancy. Vox Sang 71: 48–50 Renaer M, van de Putte I, Vermylen C (1976) Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage as a cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 6: 125 Renaer M, van der Putte I, Vermylen C (1976) Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage as a cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 6: 125 Renkonen KO, Seppälä M (1962) The sex of the sensitizing Rh-positive child. Ann Med Exp Fenn 40: 108 Renkonen KO, Timonen S (1967) Factors influencing the immunization of Rh-negative mothers. J Med Genet 4: 166 Report from 9 Collaborating Laboratories (1991) Results of tests with different cellular bioassays in relation to severity of Rh D haemolytic disease. Vox Sang 60: 225–229 Revill JA, Emblin KF, Hutchinson RM (1979) Failure of anti- D immunoglobulin to remove fetal red cells from maternal circulation. Vox Sang 36: 93–96 Robinson AE (1981) Unsuccessful use of absorbed autolo- gous plasma in Rh-incompatible pregnancy (Letter). N Engl J Med 305: 1346 Robinson AE (1984) Principles and practice of plasma exchange in the management of Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn. Plasma Therapy 5: 7–14 Rodeck CH, Letsky E (1989) How the management of erythroblastosis fetalis has changed (Commentary). Br J Obstet Gynaecol 96: 759–763 Rodeck CH, Nicolaides KH, Warshof SL et al. (1984) The management of severe rhesus isoimmunization by feto- scopic intravascular transfusions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 150: 769–774 Romano EL, Mollison PL (1975) Red cell destruction in vivo by low concentrations of IgG anti-A. Br J Haematol 29: 121 Romano EL, Hughes-Jones NC, Mollison PL (1973) Direct antiglobulin reaction in ABO-haemolytic disease of the newborn. BMJ i: 524 Romano EL, Linares J, Suarez G (1982) Plasma fibrinogen concentration in ABO-hemolytic disease of the newborn. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 67: 74–77 Romano EL, Zabner-Oziel P, Soyano A et al. (1983) Studies on the binding of IgG and F(ab) anti-A to adult and newborn group A red cells. Vox Sang 45: 378–383 Romano EL, Rossi DML, Hagel I et al. (1988) Infestacion por Ascaris: una posible explicacion para los altos niveles de IgG anti-A observados en la poblacion Venezolana. Acta Cient Venezol 39: 75–78 Romano EL, Soyano A, Montano RF et al. (1994) Treatment of ABO hemolytic disease with synthetic blood group trisaccharides. Vox Sang 66: 194–199 Romans DG, Tilley CA, Dorrington KJ (1980) Monogamous bivalency of IgG antibodies. I. Deficiency of branched ABHI-active oligosaccharide chains on red cells of infants causes the weak antiglobulin reactions in hemolytic disease of the newborn due to ABO incompatibility. J Immunol 124: 2807–2811 Roopenian DC, Christianson GJ, Sproule TJ et al. (2003) The MHC Class I-like IgG receptor controls perinatal IgG transport, IgG homeostasis and fate of IgG-Fc-coupled drugs. J Immunol 170: 3528–3533 Rosenfield RE (1955) A-B hemolytic disease of the newborn. Analysis of 1480 cord blood specimens, with special reference to the direct anti-globulin test and to the group O mother. Blood 10: 17 Rosenfield RE, Ohno G (1955) A-B hemolytic disease of the newborn. Rev Hématol 10: 231 Rubo J, Wahn V (1990) A trial with high-dose gamma globulin therapy in 3 children with hyperbilirubinemia in rhesus incompatibility. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 138: 216 Rubo J, Wahn V (1991) High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin in rhesus-haemolytic disease (Letter). Lancet 337: 914 Sampietro M, Thein SL, Contreras M et al. (1992) Variation of HbF and F-cell number with the G-gamma Xmn l (C-T) polymorphism in normal individuals (Letter). Blood 79: 832–833 Schellong G (1964) Über den Einfluss mütterlicher Antikörper des ABO-systems auf Reticulocyten-zahl und Serumbilirubin bei Frühgeborenen. Commun 10th Congr Int Soc Blood Transfus, Stockholm Schneider J (1969) Prophylaxe der Rh-Sensibiliserung durch Anti-D-Applikation, in Ergebnisse der Bluttransfusions- forschung. Bibl Haematol (Basel) 32: 113 Schneider J (1976) German Trials. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Rh Antibody Mediated Immunosuppres- sion. Raritan, NJ: Ortho Research Institute Schur PH, Alpert E, Alper C (1973) Gamma G subgroups in human fetal, cord, and maternal sera. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 2: 62 Scott JR (1976) Immunologic risks to fetuses from maternal to fetal transfer of erythrocytes. In: Proceedings of Sym- posium on Rh antibody Mediated Immunosuppression. Raritan, NJ: Ortho Research Institute Sebring ES (1984) Fetomaternal hemorrhage – incidence and methods of detection and quantitation. In: Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn. G Garratty (ed.), pp. 87–117. Arlington, VA: Am Assoc Blood Banks Sebring ES, Polesky HF (1990) Fetomaternal hemorrhage: HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE FETUS AND THE NEWBORN 543 incidence, risk factors, time of occurrence, and clinical effects. Transfusion 30: 344–357 Sender A, Maigret P, Poulain M et al. (1971) La règle de com- patibilité transfusionnelle A.B.C. à Ia période néonatale. Bull Feb Soc Gynecol Obstet 23: 560 Seppola M, Ruoslahti E (1972) Alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid: an index of gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 114: 595–598 Sherer DM, Abramowicz JS, Ryan RM et al. (1991) Severe fetal hydrops resulting from ABO incompatibility. Obstet Gynecol 78: 897–899 Simonovits I, Timár I, Bajtai G (1980) Rate of Rh immunization after induced abortion. Vox Sang 38: 161–164 Sims DG, Barron SL, Wadehra V et al. (1976) Massive chronic feto-maternal bleeding associated with placental chorioangiomas. Acta Paediatr Scand 65: 271 Singleton BK, Green CA, Avent ND et al. (2000) The pres- ence of an RHD pseudogene containing a 37 base pair duplication and a nonsense mutation in Africans with the RhD-negative blood group phenotype. Blood 95: 12–18 Smith G, Knott P, Rissik J et al. (1998) Anti-U and haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 105: 1318–1321 Smith NA, Ala FA, Lee D et al. (2000) A multi-centre trial of monoclonal anti-D in the prevention of Rh-immunisation of RhD negative male volunteers by RhD+ red cells Transfus Med 10 (Suppl. 1): 8 Southcott MJ, Tanner MJ, Anstee DJ. (1999) The expression of human blood group antigens during erythropoiesis in a cell culture system. Blood 93: 4425–4435 Stone B, Marsh WL (1959) Haemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-M. Br J Haematol 5: 344 Tabb PA, Inglis J, Savage DCL et al. (1972) Controlled trial of phototherapy of limited duration in the treatment of physio- logical hyperbilirubinaemia in low-birth-weight infants. Lancet 2: 1211 Tannirandorn Y, Rodeck CH (1990) New approaches in the treatment of haemolytic disease of the fetus. In: Blood Transfusion: the Impact of New Technologies. M Contreras (ed.). Baillière’s Clinical Haematology 3: 289– 320 Terry MF (1970) A management of the third stage to reduce feto-maternal transfusion. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Cwlth 77: 129 Tovey GH (1945) A study of the protective factors in heterospecific group pregnancy and their role in the prevention of haemolytic disease of the newborn. J Pathol Bact 57: 295 Tovey LAD (1986) Haemolytic disease of the newborn: the changing scene. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 93: 960–966 Tovey LAD, Townley A Stevenson BJ et al. (1983) The Yorkshire antenatal anti-D immunoglobulin trial in primi- gravidae. Lancet 2: 244–246 Urbaniak SJ, Greiss MA, Crawford RJ et al. (1984) Prediction of the outcome of rhesus haemolytic disease of the newborn: additional information using an ADCC assay. Vox Sang 46: 323–329 Urbaniak SJ, Duncan JI, Armstrong-Fisher SS et al. (1999) Variable inhibition of placental IgG transfer in vitro with commercial IvgG preparations. Br J Haematol 107: 815–817 Valentine GH (1958) ABO incompatibility and haemolytic disease of the newborn. Arch Dis Child 33: 185 Van der Schoot CE, Tax GHM, Rijnders RJP et al. (2003) Prenatal typing of Rh and Kell blood group system antigens: the edge of a watershed. Transfus Med Rev 17: 31–44 Van der Schoot CE, Soussan AA, Dee R et al. (2004) Screening for fetal RHD-genotype by plasma PCR in all D-negative pregnant women is feasible. Vox Sang 87(Suppl. 3): 9 Van Kamp IL, Klumper FJ, Meerman RH et al. (2004) Treatment of fetal anemia due to red cell alloimmunization with intrauterine transfusions in the Netherlands, 1988– 1999. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 83: 731–737 Vaughan JI, Warwick R, Letsky E et al. (1994) Erythropoietic suppression in fetal anemia because of Kell alloimmunization. Am J Obstet Gynecol 171: 247–252 Vaughan JI, Manning M, Warwick RM et al. (1998) Inhibition of erythroid progenitor cells by anti-Kell antibodies in fetal alloimmune anemia. N Engl J Med 338: 798–803 Veall N, Mollison PL (1950) The rate of red cell exchange in replacement transfusion. Lancet ii: 792 Viëtor HE, Kanhai HHH, Brand A (1994) Induction of additional red cell antibodies after intrauterine transfusions. Transfusion 34: 970–974 Voak D (1969) The pathogenesis of ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn. Vox Sang 17: 481 Voak D, Bowley CC (1969) A detailed serological study on the prediction and diagnosis of ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO HD). Vox Sang 17: 321 Voak D, Williams MA (1971) An explanation of the failure of the direct antiglobulin test to detect erythrocyte sensitization in ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn and observations on pinocytosis of IgG anti-A antibodies in infant (cord) red cells. Br J Haematol 20: 9 Wagner FF, Flegel WA (2000) RHD gene deletion occurred in the Rhesus box. Blood 95: 3662–3668 Wagner T, Berer A, Lanzer G et al. (2000a) Kell is not restricted to erythropoietic lineage but is also expressed on myeloid progenitor cells. Br J Haematol 110: 409– 411 Wagner T, Bernaschek G, Geissler K (2000b) Inhibition of megakaryopoiesis by Kell-related antibodies. N Engl J Med 343: 72 Walker RH (1984) Relevance in the selection of serologic tests for the obstetric patient. In: Hemolytic Disease of the CHAPTER 12 544 Newborn. G Garratty (ed.), pp. 173–200. Arlington, VA: Am Assoc Blood Banks Walker RH, Hartrick MB (1991) Non-ABO clinically significant erythrocyte alloantibodies in Caucasian obstetric patients (Abstract). Transfusion 31(Suppl.): 52S Walker RH, Batten DG, Morrison MM (1993) The current rarity of Rh D hemolytic disease of the newborn in a com- munity hospital. Am J Clin Pathol 100: 340–341 Walker W (1958) The changing pattern of haemolytic disease of the newborn (1948–1957). Vox Sang 3: 225, 236 Walker W, Murray S, Russell JK (1957) Stillbirth due to haemolytic disease of the newborn. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 44: 573 Wang AC, Faulk WP, Stuckey MA et al. (1970) Chemical differences of adult, fetal and hypogammaglobulinemic IgG immunoglobulins. Immunochemistry 7: 703 Ward HK, Walsh RJ, Kooptzoff O (1957) Rh antigens and immunological tolerance. Nature (Lond) 179: 1352 Warren RC, Butler J, Morsman JM et al. (1985) Does chori- onic villus sampling cause fetomaternal haemorrhage? Lancet i: 691 Weisert O, Marstrander J (1960) Severe anemia in a newborn caused by protracted feto-maternal ‘transfusion’. Acta Paediatr 49: 426 Wenk RE, Goldstein P, Felix JK (1985) Kell alloimmunization, hemolytic disease of the newborn, and perinatal management. Obstet Gynecol 66: 473–476 WHO (1971) Prevention of Rh sensitization. Technical Report Series 468 Wiener AS, Wexler LB, Hurst JG (1949) The use of exchange transfusion for the treatment of severe erythroblastosis due to A-B sensitization with observations on the pathogenesis of the disease. Blood 4: 1014 Williamson LM, Warwick RM (1995) Transfusion- associated graft-versus-host disease and its prevention. Blood Rev 9: 251–261 Walport MJ, Lachmann PJ (1993) Complement. In: Clinical Aspects of Immunology, 5th edn. PJ Lachmann, K Peters, FS Rosen et al. (eds). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 347–375 Wolter LC, Hyland CA, Saul A (1993) Rhesus D genotyping using polymerase chain reaction. Blood 82: 1682–1683 Woodrow JC (1970) Rh immunization and its prevention. Ser Haematol 3: no. 3 Woodrow JC, Donohoe WTA (1968) Rh-immunization by pregnancy: results of a survey and their relevance to pro- phylactic therapy. BMJ iv: 139 Woodrow JC, Finn R (1966) Transplacental haemorrhage. Br J Haematol 12: 297 Woodrow JC, Clarke CA, Donohoe WTA et al. (1965) Prevention of Rh-haemolytic disease: a third report. BMJ i: 279 Worlledge S, Ogiemudia SE, Thomas CO et al. (1974) Blood group antigens and antibodies in Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 68: 249 Yao AC, Moinian M, Lind J (1969) Distribution of blood between infant and placenta after birth. Lancet ii: 871 Yeung CY, Hobbs JR (1968) Serum- γ G-globulin levels in normal, premature, post-mature, and ‘small-for-dates’ newborn babies. Lancet ii: 1167 Yoshida Y, Yoshida H, Tatsumi K et al. (1981) Successful antibody elimination in severe M-incompatible pregnancy. N Engl J Med 305: 460–461 Zhu X, Meng G, Dickinson BL et al. (2001) MHC class I-related neonatal Fc receptor for IgG is functionally expressed in monocytes, intestinal macrophages and dendritic cells. J Immunol 166: 3266–3276 Zipursky A (1971) The universal prevention of Rh immunization. Clin Obstet Gynecol 14: 869 Zipursky A, Pollock J, Neelands P et al. (1963a) The transplacental passage of foetal red blood-cells and the pathogenesis of Rh immunization during pregnancy. Lancet ii: 489 Zipursky A, Pollock J, Chown B et al. (1963b) Transplacental foetal hemorrhage after placental injury during delivery or amniocentesis. Lancet ii: 493 Zuelzer WW, Kaplan E (1954) ABO heterospecific pregnancy and hemolytic disease. IV. Pathologic variants. Am J Dis Child 88: 319 HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE FETUS AND THE NEWBORN 545 [...]... chain) linked non-covalently to β2-microglobulin, a non-polymorphic and nonglycosylated polypeptide of molecular weight 1200 (the β or light chain), which is encoded by a gene on chromosome 15 (Snary et al 1 977 a; Barnstable et al 5 47 CHAPTER 13 HFE 0MICE HLA-F 10020 0- HLA-H 30 0- HLA-G MICD HLA-A 40050060 0- C L A S S 6p21.31 100 0- I 110 0- 70 0- MICC HLA-E 80090 0- 120013001400150 0- HLA-C 160 0- HLA-B 170 0-. .. LEUCOCYTES, PLATELETS AND PLASMA COMPONENTS Table 13.2 Human platelet antigens (HPAs) System Antigen Original names Glycoprotein CD HPA-1 HPA-1a HPA-1b HPA-2a HPA-2b HPA-3a HPA-3b HPA-4a HPA-4b HPA-5a HPA-5b HPA-6bw HPA-7bw HPA-8bw HPA-9bw HPA-10bw HPA-11bw HPA-12bw HPA-13bw HPA-14bw HPA-15a HPA-15b HPA-16bw Zwa, PlA1 Zwb, PlA2 Kob Koa, Siba Baka, Leka Bakb Yukb, Pena Yuka, Penb Brb, Zavb Bra, Zava, Hca... 120013001400150 0- HLA-C 160 0- HLA-B 170 0- MICA MICB TNFB TNFA 180 0- C L A S S I I I 1900200 0- HSPA1L HSPA1A HSPA1B 2100220 0- C2 BF C4B P450-C21B 230024002500260 0- C L A S S I I 280 0- HLA-DRB2 290 0- HLA-DQB3 HLA-DQA2 HLA-DQB2 300 0- HLA-DRA HLA-DRB3 HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQA1 HLA-DQB1 310032003300340 0- Fig 13.1 The segment of the small arm of chromosome 6 that contains the HLA complex is shown in detail The first bar shows... and a determinant on the cell membrane form a trimolecular complex Although quinine is usually implicated in druginduced thrombocytopenia, it may be involved rarely in cases of drug-induced neutropenia in which the quinine antibodies react with the same glycoprotein as anti-HNA-2a, and/or an 85-kDa glycoprotein (Stroncek et al 1994) Drug-induced neutrophil antibodies may be directed against a metabolite... HNA-1b HNA-1c HNA-2a HNA-3a HNA-4a HNA-5a FcγRIIIb FcγRIIIb FcγRIIIb CD 177 (NB1 gp) 70 –95 kDa gp CD11b (CR3) CD11a (LFA-1) NA1 NA2 SH NB1 5b Marta Onda Table 13.1 ISBT Human Neutrophil Antigen (HNA) nomenclature FCGR3B*1 FCGR3B*2 FCGR3B*3 CD 177 *1 Not defined CD11B*1 CD11A*1 HNA-2 HNA-3 HNA-4 HNA-5 CR3, C3bi receptor; gp, glycoprotein; HNA, human neutrophil antigen; ISBT, International Society of Blood. .. complex into class I, II and III regions The ruler indicates the number of kilobases The genomic map shows the approximate positions of the gene loci mentioned in the text Bars to the right show expressed genes and to the left, pseudogenes (not expressed) In bold 548 HLA-DRB9 270 0- HLA-DPA2 HLA-DPB2 HLA-DPA3 HLA-DPA1 HLA-DPB1 HLA-DOB TAP2 LMP7 TAP1 LMP2 HLA-DMB HLA-DMA HLA-DOA are shown the genes coding... The HNS-2a-negative neutrophil phenotype is 565 CHAPTER 13 due to a CD 177 transcription defect Kissel HNA-2a genes from two women with HNA-2a-negative neutrophils, who produced HNA-2a-specific alloantibodies have been studied and CD 177 cDNA sequences were present in both women Sequencing of cDNA prepared from neutrophil mRNA demonstrated accessory sequences in the lengths coding CD 177 The HNA-3 system... Anti-PlA1 (Shulman et al 1961) was subsequently shown to have the same specificity as anti-Zwa The system is now named HPA-1 and the antigens, HPA-1a and HPA-1b Ninety-eight per cent of white people are HPA-1(a+) and 27% HPA-1 (b+) The HPA-1 gene has two alleles, HPA-1a and HPA1b Anti-HPA-1a is associated with most cases of post -transfusion purpura and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NATP) HPA-1a... antibody in three families was anti-HNA-1a; in two, anti-HNA-1b; in four, antiHNA-2a; and in one, not determined In four of the families the first-born infant was affected Antibodies of other specificities have been implicated, but much less frequently (Stroncek 2002) A prospective survey of some 200 pregnant women, either primiparae at term or multiparae, in which the woman’s serum was tested against her partner’s... molecules HLA-A, -B and -C code for the heavy chain of the MHC class I molecules expressed on most cells HLAF, -G and -E code for the heavy chain of non-classical class I molecules, with highly specialized functions The MIC genes or human MHC class I chain-related genes encode stress-inducible proteins implicated in the regulation of NK cell activity HFE is a class I-like HLA-A, -B and -C genes produce a . 13 548 0- 10 0- 20 0- 30 0- 40 0- 50 0- 60 0- 70 0- 80 0- 90 0- 100 0- 110 0- 120 0- 130 0- 140 0- 150 0- 160 0- 170 0- 180 0- 190 0- 200 0- 210 0- 220 0- 230 0- 240 0- 250 0- 260 0- 270 0- 280 0- 290 0- 300 0- 310 0- 320 0- 330 0- 340 0- HFE C L A S S I C L A S S I I I C L A S S I I HLA-F MICE MICD MICC 6p21.31 HLA-DRB9 HLA-DRB2 HLA-DQB3 HLA-DQA2 HLA-DQB2 HLA-DPA2 HLA-DPA3 HLA-DPB2 HLA-H HLA-G HLA-A HLA-E HLA-C HLA-B MICA TNFA HSPA1L HLA-DOB TAP2 LMP7 TAP1 LMP2 HLA-DMB HLA-DMA HLA-DOA HSPA1A HSPA1B C2 C4B P450-C21B HLA-DRA HLA-DRB3 HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQA1 HLA-DQB1 HLA-DPA1 HLA-DPB1 BF MICB TNFB Fig. 1 977 a; Barnstable et al. IMMUNOLOGY OF LEUCOCYTES, PLATELETS AND PLASMA COMPONENTS 5 47 CHAPTER 13 548 0- 10 0- 20 0- 30 0- 40 0- 50 0- 60 0- 70 0- 80 0- 90 0- 100 0- 110 0- 120 0- 130 0- 140 0- 150 0- 160 0- 170 0- 180 0- 190 0- 200 0- 210 0- 220 0- 230 0- 240 0- 250 0- 260 0- 270 0- 280 0- 290 0- 300 0- 310 0- 320 0- 330 0- 340 0- HFE C L A S S I C L A S S I I I C L A S S I I HLA-F MICE MICD MICC 6p21.31 HLA-DRB9 HLA-DRB2 HLA-DQB3 HLA-DQA2 HLA-DQB2 HLA-DPA2 HLA-DPA3 HLA-DPB2 HLA-H HLA-G HLA-A HLA-E HLA-C HLA-B MICA TNFA HSPA1L HLA-DOB TAP2 LMP7 TAP1 LMP2 HLA-DMB HLA-DMA HLA-DOA HSPA1A HSPA1B C2 C4B P450-C21B HLA-DRA HLA-DRB3 HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQA1 HLA-DQB1 HLA-DPA1 HLA-DPB1 BF MICB TNFB Fig. 13 548 0- 10 0- 20 0- 30 0- 40 0- 50 0- 60 0- 70 0- 80 0- 90 0- 100 0- 110 0- 120 0- 130 0- 140 0- 150 0- 160 0- 170 0- 180 0- 190 0- 200 0- 210 0- 220 0- 230 0- 240 0- 250 0- 260 0- 270 0- 280 0- 290 0- 300 0- 310 0- 320 0- 330 0- 340 0- HFE C L A S S I C L A S S I I I C L A S S I I HLA-F MICE MICD MICC 6p21.31 HLA-DRB9 HLA-DRB2 HLA-DQB3 HLA-DQA2 HLA-DQB2 HLA-DPA2 HLA-DPA3 HLA-DPB2 HLA-H HLA-G HLA-A HLA-E HLA-C HLA-B MICA TNFA HSPA1L HLA-DOB TAP2 LMP7 TAP1 LMP2 HLA-DMB HLA-DMA HLA-DOA HSPA1A HSPA1B C2 C4B P450-C21B HLA-DRA HLA-DRB3 HLA-DRB1 HLA-DQA1 HLA-DQB1 HLA-DPA1 HLA-DPB1 BF MICB TNFB Fig

Định dạng
Số trang	92
Dung lượng	577,18 KB