Gastrointestinal Oncology - part 10 pptx

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Fluorescence, reflectance, and light-scattering spectroscopy for evaluating dysplasia in patient’s with Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:1620-1629. 45. Pitris C, Jesser C, Boppart SA, et al. Feasibility of optical coherence tomography for high-resolution imaging of human gastrointestinal tract malignancies. J Gastroenterol. 2000;35:87-92. 46. Brand S, Poneros JM, Bouma BE, et al. Optical coherence tomography in the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy. 2000;32(10):796-803. 382 Chapter 18 Ch18.qxd 4/8/2005 11:08 AM Page 382 47. Wallace MB, Van Dam J. Enhanced gastrointestinal diagnosis: light-scattering spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2000; 10(1):71-80. 48. Tearney GJ, Brezinski ME, Bouma BE, et al. In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography. Science. 1997;276(5321):2037-2039. 49. Tearney GJ, Brezinski ME, Southern JF, et al. 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Modern Pathology. 1998;11(8):704-708. 384 Chapter 18 Ch18.qxd 4/8/2005 11:08 AM Page 384 appendix A Esophageal Cancer Staging DEFINITION OF TNM P RIMARY T UMOR (T) TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor Tis Carcinoma in situ T1 Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa T2 Tumor invades muscularis propria T3 Tumor invades adventitia T4 Tumor invades adjacent structures R EGIONAL L YMPH N ODES (N) NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Regional lymph node metastasis D ISTANT M ETASTASIS (M) MX Distant metastasis cannot be assessed M0 No distant metastasis M1 Distant metastasis Tumors of the Lower Thoracic Esophagus M1a Metastasis in celiac lymph nodes M1b Other distant metastasis Appendix.qxd 4/28/2005 4:05 PM Page 385 Tumors of the Midthoracic Esophagus M1a Not applicable M1b Nonregional lymph nodes and/or other distant metastasis Tumors of the Upper Thoracic Esophagus M1a Metastasis in cervical nodes M1b Other distant metastasis STAGE GROUPING Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage I T1 N0 M0 Stage IIA T2 N0 M0 T3 N0 M0 Stage IIB T1 N1 M0 T2 N1 M0 Stage III T3 N1 M0 T4 Any N M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1 Stage IVA Any T Any N M1a Stage IVB Any T Any N M1b Used with the permission of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC7), Chicago, Illinois. The original source for this material is the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 6th edition (2002). Springer-Verlag: New York, Inc., New York, New York. 386 Appendix A Appendix.qxd 4/28/2005 4:05 PM Page 386 appendix B Gastric Cancer Staging DEFINITION OF TNM P RIMARY T UMOR (T) TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor Tis Carcinoma in situ: intraepitheal tumor without invasion of the lamina propria T1 Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa T2 Tumor invades muscularis propria or subserosa* T2a Tumor invades muscularis propria T2b Tumor invades subserosa T3 Tumor penetrates serosa (visceral peritoneum) without invasion of adjacent structures**, *** T4 Tumor invades adjacent structures**,*** *Note: A tumor may penetrate the muscularis propria with extension into the gastro- colic or gastrohepatic ligaments, or into the greater or lesser omentum, without perforation of the visceral peritoneum covering these structures. In this case, the tumor is classified as T2. If there is perforation of the visceral peritoneum covering the gastric ligaments or the omentum, the tumor should be classified as T3. **Note: The adjacent structures of the stomach include the spleen, transverse colon, liver, diaphragm, pancreas, abdominal wall, adrenal gland, kidney, small intestine, and retroperitorneum. ***Note: Intramural extension to the duodenum or esophagus is classified by the depth of the greatest invasion in any of these sites, including the stomach. Appendix.qxd 4/28/2005 4:05 PM Page 387 R EGIONAL L YMPH N ODES (N) NX Regional lymph node(s) cannot be assessed N0 No regional lymph node metastasis* N1 Metastasis in 1 to 6 regional lymph nodes N2 Metastasis in 7 to 15 regional lymph nodes N3 Metastais in more than 15 regional lymph nodes *Note: A designation of pN0 should be used if all examined lymph nodes are negative, regardless of the total number removed and examined. D ISTANT M ETASTASIS (M) MX Distant metastasis cannot be assessed M0 No distant metastasis M1 Distant metastasis STAGE GROUPING Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage IA T1 N0 M0 Stage IB T1 N1 M0 T2a N0 M0 T2b N0 M0 Stage II T1 N2 M0 T2a N1 M0 T2b N1 M0 T3 N0 M0 Stage IIIA T2a N2 M0 T2b N2 M0 T3 N1 M0 T4 N0 M0 Stage IIIB T3 N2 M0 Stage IV T4 N1-3 M0 T1 N3 M0 T2 N3 M0 T3 N3 M0 Any T Any N M1 Used with the permission of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC7), Chicago, Illinois. The original source for this material is the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 6th edition (2002). Springer-Verlag: New York, Inc., New York, New York. 388 Appendix B Appendix.qxd 4/28/2005 4:05 PM Page 388 appendix C Pancreas Cancer Staging DEFINITION OF TNM P RIMARY T UMOR (T) TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor Tis Carcinoma in situ* T1 Tumor limited to the pancreas, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension T2 Tumor limited to the pancreas, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension T3 Tumor extends beyond the pancreas but without involvement of the celiac axis or the superior mesenteric artery T4 Tumor involves the celiac axis or the superior mesenteric artery (unre- sectable primary tumor) *Note: This includes the “PainInIII” classification N3 “metastasis” R EGIONAL L YMPH N ODES (N) NX Regional lymph node(s) cannot be assessed N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Regional lymph node metastasis D ISTANT M ETASTASIS (M) MX Distant metastasis cannot be assessed M0 No distant metastasis M1 Distant metastasis Appendix.qxd 4/28/2005 4:05 PM Page 389 STAGE GROUPING Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage IA T1 N0 M0 Stage IB T2 N1 M0 Stage IIA T3 N2 M0 Stage IIB T1 N1 M0 T2 N1 M0 T3 N1 M0 Stage III T4 Any N M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1 Used with the permission of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC7), Chicago, Illinois. The original source for this material is the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 6th edition (2002). Springer-Verlag: New York, Inc., New York, New York. 390 Appendix C Appendix.qxd 4/28/2005 4:05 PM Page 390 appendix D Colon and Rectum Cancer Staging DEFINITION OF TNM The same classification is used for both clinical and pathologic staging. P RIMARY T UMOR (T) TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor Tis Carcinoma in situ: intraepitheal or invasion of the lamina propria* T1 Tumor invades submucosa T2 Tumor invades muscularis propria T3 Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues T4 Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum**,*** *Note: Tis includes cancer cells confined within the gladular basement membrane (intraepithelial) or lamina propria (intramucosal) with no extension through the muscularis mucosae into the submucosa. **Note: Direct invasion in T4 includes invasion of other segments of the colorectum by way of the serosa; for example, invasion of the sigmoid colon by a carcinoma of the cecum. ***Note: Tumor that is adherent to other organs or structures, macroscopically, is classified as T4. However, if no tumor is present in the adhesion, microscopically, the classification should be pT3. The V and L substaging should be used to identify the presence or absence of vascular or lymphatic invasion. Appendix.qxd 4/28/2005 4:05 PM Page 391 [...]... chapter reprints or custom printing at 1-8 0 0-2 5 7-8 290 or 1-8 5 6-8 4 8-1 000 *Please note all conditions are subject to change CODE: 328 SLACK Incorporated • Professional Book Division 6900 Grove Road • Thorofare, NJ 08086 1-8 0 0-2 5 7-8 290 or 1-8 5 6-8 4 8-1 000 Fax: 1-8 5 6-8 5 3-5 991 • E-mail: orders@slackinc.com • Visit www.slackbooks.com Figure 2-1 Endoscopic view of small mid-esophageal leiomyoma (Photo courtesy... 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J, Sivak MV. High-resolution cross-sectional imaging of the gastrointestinal tract using optical coherence tomography: pre- liminary results. Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;47:51 5-5 23. 51. Tearney. using systemic or local 5-aminolevulinic acid sensitization. Gut. 2003;52(7): 100 3-1 007. 37. Regula J, MacRobert AJ, Gorchein A, et al. Photosensitization and photodynamic therapy of esophageal,. Wallace MB, Van Dam J. Enhanced gastrointestinal diagnosis: light-scattering spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2000; 10( 1):7 1-8 0. 48. Tearney GJ, Brezinski

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