Volume 16 - Machining Part 19 pdf

• and others • ETP • electrolytic tough pitch • f • feed rate • f t • feed per tooth • F • force • F c • primary (horizontal) cutting force • F f • feed force • F m • momentum force • F n • normal force on shear plane • F N • normal force in grinding • F r • radial or thrust force • F s • shear force • F t • tangential force • fcc • face-centered cubic • Fig. • figure • FMS • flexible manufacturing system • ft • foot • GAC • geometric adaptive control • gal. • gallon • GPa • gigapascal • h • hour • h • undeformed chip thickness; height • HAG • higher-accuracy grinding • HAZ • heat-affected zone • HB • Brinell hardness • HBN • hexagonal boron nitride • hcp • hexagonal close-packed • HIP • hot isostatic pressing • HK • Knoop hardness • hp • horsepower • HPG • higher-productivity grinding • HPSN • hot-pressed silicon nitride • HR • Rockwell hardness (requires scale designation, such as HRC for Rockwell C hardness) • HSLA • high-strength low-alloy (steel) • HSS • high-speed steel • HV • Vickers hardness • Hz • hertz • IBR • integrally bladed rotator • IC • inscribed circle • ID • inside diameter • in. • inch • INCRA • International Copper Research Association • ipt • inch per tooth • ISO • International Organization for Standardization • J • joule • JIT • just-in-time • k • thermal conductivity • K • Kelvin • K • stress intensity factor • K Ic • plane-strain fracture toughness • kg • kilogram • kgf • kilogram force • km • kilometer • KB • kilobyte • kPa • kilopascal • ksi • kips (1000 lbf) per square inch • kV • kilovolt • kW • kilowatt • • length • L • liter • L • length • lb • pound • lbf • pound force • LBM • laser beam machining • ln • natural logarithm (base e) • log • common logarithm (base 10) • LSG • low-stress grinding • m • meter • MB • megabyte • mg • milligram • Mg • megagram (metric tonne) • min • minimum; minute • MHS • material handling system • mL • milliliter • mm • millimeter • MPa • megapascal • MPIF • Metal Powder Industries Federation • MRP • materials requirement planning • MRR • material removal rate • MRS • minimum residual stress • ms • millisecond • MSDS • material safety data sheet • N • newton • N • speed of rotation (rev/min); number of cycles to failure • NASA • National Aeronautics and Space Administration • NC • numerical control • NFPA • National Fire Protection Association • nm • manometer • No. • number • NPS • American National Standard Straight Pipe Thread • NPSC • American National Standard Straight Pipe Thread for Couplings • NPT • American National Standard Taper Pipe Thread • NPTF • Dryseal USA (American) Standard Taper Pipe Thread • ns • nanoseconds • OD • outside diameter • ODS • oxide dispersion-strengthened • OF • oxygen-free • OFHC • oxygen-free high-conductivity (copper) • OSHA • Occupational Safety and Health Administration • oz • ounce • p • page • p • pitch • P • cutting power • P g • gross power • P s • specific power • Pa • pascal • PC • personal computer • PCBN • polycrystalline CBN (cubic boron nitride) • PCD • polycrystalline diamond • PCM • photochemical machining • pH • negative logarithm of hydrogen-ion activity • PH • precipitation hardenable • PLC • programmable logic controller • P/M • powder metallurgy • ppm • parts per million • PSA • pressure-sensitive adhesive • psi • pounds per square inch • PTP • point-to-point • PVD • physical vapor deposition • r • radius; ratio of uncut chip thickness to chip thickness • R • stress (load) ratio; radius; gas constant; resultant force • R a • roughness average • R max • maximum peak-to-valley roughness height • R q • root-mean-square roughness average • R y • maximum peak-to-valley roughness height • R z • ten-point height (roughness average) • Ref • reference • rem • remainder • rev • revolution • RHR • roughness height rating • rms • root mean square • s • second • SAE • Society of Automotive Engineers • SCC • stress-corrosion cracking • SCEA • side cutting edge angle • SEM • scanning electron microscopy • SFFER • silica-flour-filled epoxy resin • sfm • surface feet per minute • SFR • smooth face rubber • SI • Systàme International d'Unités • SP • specific power • SR • serrated rubber • SUS • Saybolt Universal seconds • t • depth of cut; feed or uncut chip thickness; time; tool lifetime; thickness • t c • chip thickness • T • temperature • TEA • triethanolamine • TEM • thermal energy method • TIR • total indicator reading • TRS • transverse rupture strength • tsi • tons per square inch • TSR • thermal shock resistance • TWR • tool wear rate • u • specific energy • u f • friction energy per unit volume • u m • kinetic (momentum) energy per unit volume • u s • shear energy per unit volume • UNS • Unified Numbering System • USM • ultrasonic machining • UTS • ultimate tensile strength • V • volt • V • cutting velocity • V c • chip velocity • F • slide infeed removal rate (grinding) • V s • shear velocity • S • radial wear rate of grinding wheel • W • radial removal rate of work being ground • vol • volume • vol% • volume percent • W • watt • w • width; weight • w c • width of chip • W • chip weight • WJM • waterjet machining • WRP • work removal parameter • wt% • weight percent • YAG • yttrium-aluminum-garnet • yr • year • Z W • workpiece total volumetric removal rate (grinding) • Z' W • workpiece unit-width volumetric removal rate (grinding) • ° • angular measure; degree • °C • degree Celsius (centigrade) • °F • degree Fahrenheit • • direction of reaction • ÷ • divided by • = • equals • • approximately equals • • not equal to • • identical with • > • greater than • • much greater than • • greater than or equal to • • infinity • • is proportional to; varies as • • integral of • < • less than • • much less than • • less than or equal to • ± • maximum deviation • - • minus; negative ion charge • × • diameters (magnification); multiplied by • · • multiplied by • / • per • % • percent • + • plus; positive ion charge • • square root of • • approximately; similar to • • back or rake angle • • angle between normal force (N) and resultant force (R); shape parameter • • shear strain; clearance angle • • shear strain rate • • change in quantity; an increment; a range • • strain • • strain rate • • machine efficiency • • edge angle; characteristic life parameter; tool temperature • • friction coefficient • in. • microinch • m • micron (micrometer) • s • microsecond • • Poisson's ratio • • pi (3.141592) • • density • • stress • • shear stress • • shear angle • • ohm o Greek Alphabet • A, • alpha • B, • beta • , • gamma • , • delta • E, • epsilon • Z, • zeta • H, • eta • , • theta • I, • iota • K, • kappa • , • lambda • M, • mu • N, • nu • , • xi • O, o • omicron • , • pi • P, • rho • , • sigma • T, • tau • , • upsilon • , • phi • X, • chi • , • psi • , • omega . average • R max • maximum peak-to-valley roughness height • R q • root-mean-square roughness average • R y • maximum peak-to-valley roughness height • R z • ten-point height (roughness average). weight percent • YAG • yttrium-aluminum-garnet • yr • year • Z W • workpiece total volumetric removal rate (grinding) • Z' W • workpiece unit-width volumetric removal rate (grinding). higher-productivity grinding • HPSN • hot-pressed silicon nitride • HR • Rockwell hardness (requires scale designation, such as HRC for Rockwell C hardness) • HSLA • high-strength low-alloy