Ngữ pháp cơ bản - Giới Từ potx

V.1-Định nghĩa, vị trí chức GIỚI TỪ Định nghĩa: – Giới từ từ dùng để nối danh từ hay đại từ với từ đứng trước Vị trí: – Giới từ thường đặt trước danh từ đại từ Ví dụ: She went to school at the age of six He usually visits me on Sundays – Giới từ đứng sau động từ (trừ sau “but” “except”) động từ phải để dạng V-ing Ví dụ: They succeeded in escaping – Trong trường hợp (dùng đại từ quan hệ), giới từ đặt trước đại từ đặt cuối câu: To whom were you talking to? Who were you talking to? The people with whom I was travelling The people I was travelling with – Giới từ từ riêng lẻ như: at, after, before, during, until, in, on, to,by, – Giới từ cụm từ như: in spite of, on account of, in front of, for the sake of… Chú ý: lược bỏ “to” “for” trước tân ngữ gián tiếp So sánh câu I gave the book to Tom I gave Tom the book → Tân ngữ gián tiếp đặt trước giới từ “to” bị lược bỏ → Chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc với động từ sau: bring, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pay, promise, send, show, sing, take… I showed the map to Bill = I showed Bill the map They sent $5 to Mr Smith = They sent Mr Smith $5 → Tương tự, lược bỏ “for” Cấu trúc sử dụng với động từ sau: build, buy, cook, fetch, find, get, keep, leave, make, order… I’ll get a drink for you = I’ll get you a drink I bought a book for James = I bought James a book 3 Chức giới từ: Giới từ kết hợp với danh từ (hoặc đại từ) để tạo thành cụm từ Cụm từ là: – Ngữ trạng từ (bổ nghĩa cho động từ): I looked through the window She spoke in a low voice He will go there on Friday – Ngữ tính từ (bổ nghĩa cho danh từ): The house with the big garden is Mr Nam’s I don’t like the sound of a jet engine Chú ý: Cần phân biệt hai chức Cùng cụm từ, trường hợp ngữ trạng từ, trường hợp khác lại ngữ tính từ Ví dụ: He usually does his morning exercises in the open air (trạng ngữ, bổ nghĩa cho động từ “does”) Exercises in the open air are healthy (tính ngữ, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ “exercises”) Một số từ vừa dùng làm giới từ, vừa dùng làm phó từ: in, up, on, down, along, through… Cần phân biệt chức từ câu He put the book on the table (giới từ) Put your coat on (phó từ) Lan is in the garden (phó từ) I opened the door and he came in (phó từ) V.2-Phân loại giới từ nghĩa số giới từ thường dùng A Phân loại giới từ – Giới từ thời gian: at, on, by, before, in, for, during… Ví dụ: The train starts at 6.10, so you had better be at the station by 6.00 We arrived on the morning of the sixth By the end of July, I’ll have read all those books Before signing this contract, he had to consider a lot Most people work from to Bake it for two hours – Giới từ nơi chốn: in, on, at, above, under, below… Ví dụ: They arrived in Spain You can this sort of work at home She put the letter under her pillow We camped beside a lake – Giới từ nguyên nhân: for, from, by, on, of… The streets are lighted by mistakes Thank you very much for your help He trembled from fear He died of tuberculosis many years ago – Giới từ mục đích: for, to, at… What you want the paper for? I’ve sent a letter to you – Giới từ thể cách: by, with, … We can learn English by listening to the radio She cut the bread with a sharp knife – Giới từ phương tiện: by, in… He goes to school by bus She goes to work in her own car – Giới từ tương quan: by, next to, on, under, below… They live below us Tom is in front of Mary My house is next to a cinema B Nghĩa số giới từ thông dụng About về: This is a story about elephants khoảng: He is about ten years old Above trên, cao hơn: The plane flew above the clouds phía trên: There is a heading above each diagram Across từ bên sang bên (qua): We walked across the field phía bên kia: There is a store across the street After sau, sau khi: after ten o'clock; after lunch đứng sau: Q comes after P in the alphabet theo sau: The dog ran after the cat Against chống lại, làm trái: Theft is against the law giáp, tiếp xúc, dựa vào: I leaned my bicycle against the wall Along dọc theo: We walked along the road Among giữa, số (một nhóm người): The money was shared among three people Around vòng quanh: We walked around the block vây quanh, bao quanh: There is a fence around the garden khắp: I looked around the house for the keys quay sang hướng khác: We turned around and went back home khoảng: He is around six feet tall At địa điểm cụ thể: at 23 Chestnut Street; at the park điểm thời gian: at o'clock; at Christmas hoàn cảnh: at peace; at war; at rest hoạt động: at work; at school; at play hướng tới, hướng vào: Look at someone; wave at someone Before trước khi, trước: before two o'clock; before Christmas đứng trước: S comes before T in the alphabet Behind đằng sau, phía sau: The little girl hid behind her mother muộn: I am behind in my work nguyên nhân, nguồn gốc: Who was behind that idea? Below bên dưới, thấp hơn: below freezing; below sea level phía dưới: Footnotes are provided below the text Beside bên cạnh: I sit beside her in class Besides ngoài: We study other languages besides English Between Giữa hai điểm không gian: Toronto lies between Montreal and Vancouver Giữa hai điểm thời gian: between Christmas and New Year's Day nhóm hai người: The money was shared between two people Beyond trên: The mountains lie beyond the horizon vượt quá: That was beyond my expectations But trừ: I have read all but the last chapter Note: But thường sử dụng liên từ giới từ By gần: a house by the sea vượt qua: He waved as he drove by the house trước: Try to finish the work by next week theo đơn vị đó: cheaper by the dozen; sold by weight bằng, bởi: travel by plane; written by him Concerning về, liên quan đến: He studies everything concerning trees Despite mặc dù: We walked downtown despite the rain Down xuống phía dưới: The ball rolled down the hill cuối: He lives down the street During suốt khoảng thời gian: She works during the day thời điểm khoảng thời gian: An accident occurred during the night Except ngoại trừ: I have visited everyone except him For khoảng thời gian: We walked for two hours khoảng cách: I walked for five kilometers mục đích: I bought this jacket for you tới đâu đó: She left for New York tán thành, ủng hộ: We are for the proposal so với: The boy is clever for his age From từ nơi đó: We left from Boston; he comes from Mexico thời gian đó: from now on; from yesterday until today từ lượng đó: From 20 to 30 people were present nguyên nhân: He suffers from nervousness nguồn (từ đó): I first heard the story from you In nơi đó: in London; in Europe địa điểm: in the room; in the building vào tháng, năm: That happened in March, in 1992 khoảng thời gian định: I will return in an hour bằng: write in pencil; speak in English tình trạng, điều kiện: in doubt; in a hurry; in secret thành viên của…: He is in the orchestra; in the navy mặc: the boy in the blue shirt về, có liên quan đến: lacking in ideas; rich in oil Inside bên trong: They are inside the house Into vào bên We stepped into the room thay đổi tình trạng: The boy changed into a man Like giống: That looks like him thể: It looks like rain Near gần: near the school; near the ocean Of vị trí: east of here; the middle of the road sở hữu: a friend of mine; the sound of music phần nhóm: one of us; a member of the team đo lường: a cup of milk; two meters of snow Off Not on; away from: Please keep off the grass At some distance from: There are islands off the coast On (chạm vào nhau): on the table; on the wall ngày xác định: That happened on Sunday, on the 6th of June đường xác định: on South Street về: a book on engineering trạng thái tình trạng: on strike; on fire; on holiday nhờ, bằng: live on a pension; shown on television Opposite đối diện: The library is opposite the fire station Out of khỏi: She went out of the room số: We won two games out of three chất liệu: The bridge is made out of steel khỏi: out of control; out of danger Outside bên ngoài: outside the house giới hạn, khả năng: outside my experience Over cao hơn, trên: There are cupboards over the sink bao phủ: We spread an extra blanket over the bed qua: I jumped over a puddle nhiều hơn: It cost over ten dollars; it took over an hour khoảng: I saw him several times over the past week bằng: We made plans over the telephone Past vượt qua: I walked past the house sau (thời gian): It was past o'clock; half past two With với: He came with her; I have my keys with me có, chứa: Here is a book with a map of the island bằng, sử dụng: I repaired the shoes with glue cách thức: with pleasure; with ease; with difficulty vì: We were paralyzed with fear Within vòng: within twenty minutes; within one kilometer Without khơng có: Do not leave without your coat; without money V.3-Danh từ với giới từ • Noun + for… A cheque for (a sum of money): - They sent me a cheque for £75 A demand for/a need for… : - The firm closed down because there wasn’t enough demand for its product A reason for…: - The train was late but nobody knew the reason for the delay • Noun + of… An advantage/ a disadvantage of…: - The advantage of living alone is that you can what you like Nhưng thường nói: “there is an advantage in doing something” There are many advantages in living alone A cause of…: - Nobody knows what the cause of the explosion was A photograph/ a picture/ a map/ a plan/ a drawing of…: - She showed me some photographs of her family • Noun + in… An increase/ a decrease/ a rise/ a fall in …: - there has been an increase in the number of road accidents recently • Noun + to… Damage to…: - The accident was my fault, so I had to pay for the damage to the other car An invitation to…(a party, a wedding): - Did you get an invitation to the party? A solution to (a problem)/ a key to (a door)/ an answer to (a question)/ a reply to (a letter)/ a reaction to….: - Do you think we’ll find the solution to the problem? - I was surprised at her reaction to my suggestion An attitude to (towards) …: - His attitude to his job is very negative • Noun + with…/between… A relationship/a connection/contact with…: - Do you have a good relationship with your parents? - The police want to question a man in connection with the robbery Nhưng: a relationship/a connection/a difference between two things or people - There are some differences between British and American English Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu thứ hai cho nghĩa với câu thứ What caused the explosion? What was the cause …………… ? We’re trying to solve the problem We’re trying to find a solution……………… Sue gets on well with her brother Sue has a good relationship……………… Prices have gone up a lot There has been a big increase …………………… I don’t know how to answer the question I can’t think of an answer ……………… I don’t think that a new road is necessary I don’t think there is any need………… The number of people without jobs fell last month Last one there was a fall …………… Nobody wants to buy shoes like these any more There is no demand………………… In what way is your job different frommine? What is the difference……………………….? Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành câu sử dụng danh từ giới từ thích hợp Cause, connection, invitation, map, reason, damage, contact, key, pictures, reply On the wall there were some pictures and a…………………the world Thank you for the………………………… your party next week Since she left home two years ago, she has had little ………………….her family I can’t open this door Have you got a……………the other door? The ……………….the fire at the hotel last night is still unknown I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven’t received a …………………….my letter The two companies are completely independent There is no……………………….them Jane showed me some old……………… the city as it looked 100 years 9 Carol has decided to give up her job I don’t know her……………….doing this 10 It wasn’t a bad accident The………………… the car wasn’t serious Đáp án: Bài 1: What caused the explosion? What was the cause of the explosion? We’re trying to solve the problem We’re trying to find a solution to the problem Sue gets on well with her brother Sue has a good relationship with her brother Prices have gone up a lot There has been a big increase in prices I don’t know how to answer your question I can’t think of an answer to your question I don’t think that a new road is necessary I don’t think there is any need of a new road The number of people without jobs fell last month Last month there was a fall in the number of people without jobs Nobody wants to buy shoes like these any more There is no demand for shoes In what way is your job different from mine? What is the difference between your job and mine? Bài 2: On the wall there were some pictures and a map of the world Thank you for the invitation to your party next week Since she left home two years ago, she has had little contact with her family I can’t open this door Have you got a key to the other door? The cause of the fire at the hotel last night is still unknown I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven’t received a reply to my letter The two companies are completely independent There is no connection between them Jane showed me some old pictures of the city as it looked 100 years Carol has decided to give up her job I don’t know her reason for doing this 10 It wasn’t a bad accident The damage of the car wasn’t serious V.4-Giới từ với danh từ • At/on/in (chỉ thời gian) + noun At : (for the time of day) At o’clock, at midnight, at lunch time, at sunset, at night, at the weekend, at weekends, at the moment, at present, at the same time, at Christmas… On (for days and dates) On Friday(s), on 29 June 1987, on Christmas day, on my birthday… In (for longer periods) In October, in 1986, in the 19th century, in winter, in the past, in the 1970s, in future… Chú ý: Chúng ta nói “in the morning(s), in the afternoon(s), in the evening(s)” nói “on Friday morning(s), on Sunday afternoon(s)…” • At/on/in (chỉ địa điểm) + noun + in: Ví dụ: in a room, in a building, in a garden, in a country, in a line, in a picture, in the sky, in the world, in a book/newspaper, in bed… + on: Ví dụ: on the floor, on the chair, on the beach, on the wall, on the ceiling, on a farm, on a map, on the menu, on the way to…… + at: Ví dụ: at the bus stop, at the window, at home, at university, at a party,at the station, at the airport … Ví dụ: There’s no one in the room When I go to the cinema, I prefer to sit in the front row Who is that man standing at the bus stop? Write your name at the top of the page I sat on the beach There is a label on the bottle So sánh trường hợp sau: • On/at/in + noun (other uses) On holiday/on business/on a trip/on a tour/on a cruise… - Tom’s away at the moment He’s on holiday in France - Did you go to Germany on business or on holiday? Bạn nói “go to a place for a holiday” On television/on the radio: - I didn’t watch the news on television, but I heard it on the radio On the phone/ telephone: - I’ve never met her but I’ve spoken to her on the phone On fire: cháy - Look! That car is on fire On purpose: cố ý - I’m sorry I didn’t it on purpose On the whole: nhìn chung - Sometimes I have problems at work but on the whole I enjoy my job On strike: đình cơng - There are no trains today The railway workers are on strike In the rain/in the shade/ in the sun/ in the dark/ in bad weather - We sat in the shade It was too hot to sit in the sun In ink/in pencil: (but “with the pencil”) - When you the exam, you’re not allowed to write in pencil - I write the letter with a pencil In cash (but “by cheque/by credit card”) - I paid the bill in cash In (my) opinion: theo ý - In my opinion,the film wasn’t very good At risk: bị đe dọa, bị nguy hiểm - Birds are at risk of being injured or orphaned Bài tập: Điền giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống sau It’s difficult to contact Sarah because she is not……… the phone I feel lazy this evening Is there anything worth watching……… TV? Can you turn the light, please? I don’t want to sit………the dark I wouldn’t like to go…………a cruise I think I’d get bored I mustn’t eat too much I’m supposed to be ………….a diet Ann thought the restaurant was OK, but ……….my opinion, it wasn’t very good I won’t be here next week I’ll be……… holiday I didn’t see you ……… the party on Saturday Where were you? Shall we travel ………….your car or mine? 10 We stayed ………….a very nice hotel when we were ………….Amsterdam Đáp án: It’s difficult to contact Sarah because she is not on the phone I feel lazy this evening Is there anything worth watching on TV? Can you turn the light, please? I don’t want to sit in the dark I wouldn’t like to go on a cruise I think I’d get bored I mustn’t eat too much I’m supposed to be on a diet Ann thought the restaurant was OK, but in my opinion, it wasn’t very good I won’t be here next week I’ll be on holiday I didn’t see you at the party on Saturday Where were you? Shall we travel in your car or mine? 10 We stayed at a very nice hotel when we were in Amsterdam V.5-Động từ với giới từ • Verb + at Look/have a look/stare/ glance at…: nhìn vào/nhìn chắm chằm vào - why are you looking at me like that? Laugh/smile at…:cười vào - Everyone will laugh at my haircut Aim/point (something) at….: nhằm vào, vào - Don’t point that knife at me It’s dangerous • Verb + to: Talk/speak to (someone)…: nói với - Can I speak to Jane, please? Listen to… - We spent the evening listening to music Invite (somebody) to (a party/a wedding)…; - They only invited a few people to their wedding Explain something to somebody…: giải thích điều cho - Can you explain this word to me? Happen to…xảy đến với ai/cái - What happened to that gold watch you used to have? Prefer one thing to another: thích - I prefer tea to coffee Shout at somebody…(khi giận dữ) - She got very angry and started shouting at me Shout to sonebody…(để cho người khác nghe) - She shouted to me from the other side of the street Throw something at somebody/something (đánh, đập ai/cái gì) - Somebody threw an egg at the minister Throw something to somebody (để cho bắt lấy) - Judy shouted “catch” and threw the key to me from the window Ask somebody for something: xin - He asked me for money Ask somebody to something yêu cầu àm - He asked me to post the letter for him • Verb + about… Talk about/ read about/ tell somebody about…/have a discussion about… - We talked about a lot of things at the meeting Chú ý: discuss something (khơng có giới từ) Care about something/something… - He’s selfish He doesn’t care about other people • Verb + for… Apply for (a job)….xin việc - I think this job would suit you Why don’t you apply for it? Wait for….chờ đợi - Don’t wait for me I’ll join you later Search (a person/aplac/a thing) for…tìm kiếm - I’ve searched (the house) for the key but I still can’t find it Leave (a place) for another place.: - I haven’t seen her since she left for work this morning Look for: tìm kiếm - I’ve lost my keys Can you help me to look for them? • Verb + about, of… Dream about…: - I dream about you last night Dream of being something/doing something (=imagine): - I often dream of being rich Hear about … (được nói cho biết về…) - Did you hear about the fight in the club on Saturday night? Hear of (biết đó/cái cịn tồn tại) - “Who is Tom madely?” - “I’ve no idea I’ve never heard of him Hear from… (nhận thư điện thoại ai) - “Have you heard from Jane recently?” Remind somebody of… - This house reminds me of the one I lived in when I was a child Complain (to somebody) about … - We complained to the manager of the restaurant about the food • Verb + of… Accuse somebody of…buộc tội - Sue accused me of being selfish Approve of….tán thành - His parents don’t approve of what he does, but they can’t stop him Die of…chết vì… - What did he die of? - “A heart attack” Consist of ….bao gồm - My house consists of six rooms • Verb + for … Pay (somebody) for something - I didn’t have enough money to pay for the meal Nhưng “pay the bill/a fine/a tax/fare/ rent” Thank/forgive somebody for… - I’ll never forgive them for what they did Apologise (to somebody) for… - I apologised (to them) for my mistakes Blame somebody/something for…/blame something on somebody - Everybody blamed me for the accident/ blamed the accident on me • Verb + from… Suffer from (an illness) - The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased Protect someone/something from (or against) ….bảo vệ ai/cái khỏi - Sun oil can protect the skin from the sun (or against the sun) • Verb + on… Depend on/rely on….phụ thuộc vào - You can rely on Jill She always keeps her promises - What time will you arrive? - “I don’t know It depends on the traffic” Live on (money/food): - George’s salry is verry low It isn’t enough to live on Congratulate (someone) on…: chúc mừng việc - I congratulated her on her success in the exam Concentrate on… - Don’t look out the window Concentrate on your work Insist on…: khăng khăng làm - I wanted to go alone but they insisted on coming with me Spend (money) on…: tiêu tiền cho gì, việc - How much money you spend on food each week • Verb + in… Believe in …: tin vào - Do you believe in God? Specialise in….: - Helen is a lawyer She specialises in company law Succeed in… - I hope you succeed in finding the job you want • Verb + into… Break into…: đột nhập - Our house was broken into a few days ago but nothing was stolen Crash/drive/bump/run into… - He lost control of the car and crashed into the wall Divide/split something into… - The book is divided into parts Translate (a book…) (from one language) into the other - George Orwell’s book have been translated into many languages • Verb + with… Collide with….: đâm vào, va chạm - There was an accident this morning A bus collided with a car Fill something with … - Take this saucepan and fill it with water Provide/supply somebody with… - The school provides all its students with books Bài tập: Điền giới từ thích hợp để hồn thành câu (nếu cần thiết) I’m not going out yet I’m waiting ………… the rain to stop You are always asking me ……………the money Ask somebody else for a change I’ve applied………… the job at the factory I don’t know if I‘ll get it I don’t want to discuss …………what happened last night We had an interesting discussion ……………….the problem but we didn’t reach a decision He’s selfish He doesn’t care…………other people Please let me borrow your camera I promise I’ll take good care……….it I looked ……….my key but I couldn’t find them anywhere I love this music It reminds me……….a warm day in spring 10 Janet warned me ………… the water She said it wasn’t safe to drink 11 Our neighbors complained ……….us ……….the noise we made last night 12 She accused me ………… being selfish 13 I congratulated her……….winning the tournament 14 He has a bodyguard to protect him ……… enemies 15 His parents don’t approve……… what he does but they can’t stop him 16 I didn’t have enough money to pay……….the bill Đáp án: I’m not going out yet I’m waiting for the rain to stop You are always asking me for the money Ask somebody else for a change I’ve applied for the job at the factory I don’t know if I‘ll get it I don’t want to discuss what happened last night We had an interesting discussion about the problem but we didn’t reach a decision He’s selfish He doesn’t care about other people Please let me borrow your camera I promise I’ll take good care of it I looked for my key but I couldn’t find them anywhere 9 I love this music It reminds me of a warm day in spring 10 Janet warned me of the water She said it wasn’t safe to drink 11 Our neighbors complained to us about the noise we made last night 12 She accused me of being selfish 13 I congratulated her on winning the tournament 14 He has a bodyguard to protect him from enemies 15 His parents don’t approve of what he does but they can’t stop him 16 I didn’t have enough money to pay the bill V.6-Tính từ với giới từ • Adj + of… Nice/kind/good/polite/silly/stupid… of somebody (to something) - Thank you It was nice of you to help me - It is stupid of her to go out without a coat in such cold weather Nhưng: nice/ kind/good/polite/silly/stupid/unfriendly … to somebody - They have always been very nice to me • Adj + about/with… Angry/annoy/furious about something - It’s stupid to get angry about things that don’t matter Angry/annoy/furious with somebody for doing something - Are you annoyed with me for being late? Excited/worried/ upset/ nervous/happy about something - Are you excited about going on holiday next week? Delighted/pleased/ satisfied/ disappointed with something - I was delighted with the present you gave me • Adj + at/by/with… Surprised/shocked/ amazed/astonished at/by something - Everybody was surprised at/by the news - I hope you weren’t shocked by/at what I said Impressed with/by somebody/something - I’m very impressed with/by her English It’s very good Fed up with/bored with something - I don’t enjoy my job any more I’m fed up with it /I’m bored with it • Sorry about/ for… Sorry about something - I’m sorry about the noise last night Sorry for doing something - I’m sorry for being late To feel/to be sorry for somebody - I feel sorry for George He has a lot of problems • Adj + of… Afraid/ frightened/ terrified/scared of : - Are you afraid of dogs? Fond/proud/ashamed/jealous/envious of…: - Why are you so jealous of other people? Suspicious/critical of…: - He was suspicious of my intentions Aware of/ conscious of …: - Did you know he was married? - No, I wasn’t aware of that Capable/ incapable of…: - I’m sure that you are capable of passing the exam Full of/ short of…: - The letter I wrote was full of mistakes - I’m short of money Can you lend me some? Tired of…: - Come on, let’s go! I’m tired of waiting • Adj + at/on/to/from/in/with/for Good/bad/excellent/brilliant at…: - I’m not very good at maths Married/engaged to…: - Linda is married to an American Different from…: - The film was different from what I’d expected Interested in…: - Are you interested in art? Keen on…: - I’m keen on listening to music Dependent on… - I don’t want to be dependent on anybody Famous for… - Hanoi is famous for places of interest Responsible for… - Who was responsible for all that noise last night? Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu thứ hai cho nghĩa giống câu thứ There were lots of tourists in the city centre The city centre was crowded …………… There was a lot of furniture in the room The room was full………………… I don’t like sport very much I’m not very keen………………………… We haven’t got enough time We’re a bit short………………… I’m not a very good tennis player I’m not very good ………………… Catherine’s husband is Russian Catherine is married……………………… I don’t trust Robert I’m suspicious …………………………… My problem is not the same as yours My problem is different……………… Bài tập 2: Điền giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống Our house is similar ……… yours Perhaps yours is a bit larger I’m tired……………doing the same things every day I need a change John has no money of his own He’s totally dependent …………his parents I don’t like going up ladders I’m afraid ……… heights Linda doesn’t look very well I’m worried ………….her Are you still upset ……… what I said to you yesterday? I was delighted ………………the present you gave me We’re all excited ……………going on holiday next week Bài tập 3: Điền giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống câu sau: The course begins ……….7 January and ends ……10 March I went to bed ……….midnight and got up ……… 6.30 the next morning We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived ……….5 o’clock …….the morning Mozart was born in Salzburg ………1756 Are you doing anything special …………….the weekend? I haven’t seen Ann …………a few days I last saw her ……….Tuesday I’ll phone you ……… Tuesday morning…… 10 o’clock, okay? Tom’s grandmother died………1977………the age ……… 79 The price of electricity is going up ……… October 10 There are usually a lot of parties ………New Year’s Eve 11 I like walking round the town……….night 12 The telephone and the doorbell rang …….the same time 13 I waited for you ………half an hour and then decided that you weren’t coming 14 Production at the factory was seriously affected……….the strike 15 It can be dangerous when children play football ……… the street 16 I’ll meet you ………the corner (of the street) at 10 o’clock 17 Tom’s ill He wasn’t ……… work today He was …… home…….bed 18 Paul is a student ……… London University 19 I’ve just received an invitation……… a wedding next week 20.The cause…… the fire in the hotel last night is still unknown 21 Money isn’t the solution …….every problem 22 The company has rejected the workers’ demands ……….an increase… pay 23 Bill and I used to be good friends but I don’t have much contact ……….him now 24 I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven’t received a reply…… my letter 25 Do you know any songs ………the Beatles? 26 There was panic when people realized the building was …….fire 27 The shop assistant wouldn’t accept my cheque and insisted that I paid …….cash 28 When I was 14, I went ……….a trip to France organized by my school 29 We hadn’t arranged to meet We met … chance 30 It’s very nice ……you to let me use your car Thank you very much 31 I can’t understand people who are crucial ……….animals 32 Why you always get so annoyed ……….little things? 33 The people next door are annoyed …….us……making so much noise last night 34 We enjoyed our holiday but we were rather disappointed…… the hotel 35 I was surprised …….the way he behaved It was quite out of character 36 Did you know that Linda is engaged …….a friend of mine? 37 These days everyone is aware ……the dangers of smoking 38 Ann is fond…….her younger brother 39 Britain certainly isn’t famous ………its food 40 That man is very honst He isn’t capable …….telling a lie 41 Do you know anyone who might be interested ……….buying an old car? 42 The police are responsible ……….maintaining law and order 43 I’m sorry ………the smell in this room It’s just been painted 44 She hasn’t got a job She depends ……… her parents for money 45 Are you going to apologise ……….what you did? 46 Tom and I ran………each other in town yesterday afternoon 47 A football team consists ……….11 players 48 Do you belong…… a political party? 49 The accident was my fault, so I had to pay ……….the damage 50 Sally is often not well She suffers …………severe headaches Đáp án: Bài 1: There were lots of tourists in the city centre The city centre was crowded with tourists There was a lot of furniture in the room The room was full of furniture I don’t like sport very much I’m not very keen on sport We haven’t got enough time We’re a bit short of time I’m not a very good tennis player I’m not very good at tennis Catherine’s husband is Russian Catherine is married to a Russian I don’t trust Robert I’m suspicious of Robert My problem is not the same as yours My problem is different from yours Bài 2: Our house is similar to yours Perhaps yours is a bit larger I’m tired of doing the same things every day I need a change John has no money of his own He’s totally dependent on his parents I don’t like going up ladders I’m afraid of heights Linda doesn’t look very well I’m worried about her Are you still upset about what I said to you yesterday? I was delighted with the present you gave me We’re all excited about going on holiday next week Bài 3: The course begins on January and ends on 10 March I went to bed at midnight and got up at 6.30 the next morning We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived at o’clock in the morning Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756 Are you doing anything special at the weekend? I haven’t seen Ann for a few days I last saw her on Tuesday I’ll phone you on Tuesday morning at 10 o’clock, okay? Tom’s grandmother died in 1977 at the age of 79 The price of electricity is going up in October 10 There are usually a lot of parties on New Year’s Eve 11 I like walking round the town at night 12 The telephone and the doorbell rang at the same time 13 I waited for you for half an hour and then decided that you weren’t coming 14 Production at the factory was seriously affected during the strike 15 It can be dangerous when children play football in the street 16 I’ll meet you at the corner (of the street) at 10 o’clock 17 Tom’s ill He wasn’t at work today He was at home in bed 18 Paul is a student at London University 19 I’ve just received an invitation to a wedding next week 20 The cause of the fire in the hotel last night is still unknown 21 Money isn’t the solution to every problem 22 The company has rejected the workers’ demands for an increase in pay 23 Bill and I used to be good friends but I don’t have much contact with him now 24 I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven’t received a reply to my letter 25 Do you know any songs by the Beatles? 26 There was panic when people realized the building was on fire 27 The shop assistant wouldn’t accept my cheque and insisted that I paid in cash 28 When I was 14, I went on a trip to France organized by my school 29 We hadn’t arranged to meet We met by chance 30 It’s very nice of you to let me use your car Thank you very much 31 I can’t understand people who are crucial to animals 32 Why you always get so annoyed about little things? 33 The people next door are annoyed with us for making so much noise last night 34 We enjoyed our holiday but we were rather disappointed with the hotel 35 I was surprised at the way he behaved It was quite out of character 36 Did you know that Linda is engaged to a friend of mine? 37 These days everyone is aware of the dangers of smoking 38 Ann is fond of her younger brother 39 Britain certainly isn’t famous for its food 40 That man is very honest He isn’t capable of telling a lie 41 Do you know anyone who might be interested in buying an old car? 42 The police are responsible for maintaining law and order 43 I’m sorry about the smell in this room It’s just been painted 44 She hasn’t got a job She depends on her parents for money 45 Are you going to apologise for what you did? 46 Tom and I ran into each other in town yesterday afternoon 47 A football team consists of 11 players 48 Do you belong to a political party? 49 The accident was my fault, so I had to pay for the damage 50 Sally is often not well She suffers from severe headaches V.7-Ngữ giới từ – Ngữ giới từ bao gồm giới từ, tân ngữ giới từ (là danh từ đại từ) số thành phần bổ ngữ khác – Sau ví dụ vài ngữ giới từ: • By the ocean • Near the window • Over the cabinet • With us • In your ear • Under your hat – Ví dụ: The flying saucer appeared above the lake before it disappeared into space Christine discovered a pile of books hidden under the staircase Alix walk down the ramp to the beach – Bạn nối hai nhiều cụm giới từ với liên từ kết hợp Ví dụ: • The resort is beside the mountain and by the lake • You can usually find Macho Marvin in the steam room, on the exercise bike, or under the barbells – Chức ngữ giới từ: • Đóng vai trị tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ Look at the boat with the blue sail Please hand me the pen next to the telephone Park the car beside the fence • Đóng vai trị phó từ bổ nghĩa cho động từ The coyote runs after the rabbit The car stalled despite the tune-up The team won without the starting quarterback • Đóng vai trị danh từ: The park is next to the hospital The student is between an A and a B The fight scene is before the second act  ... suffers from severe headaches V.7 -Ngữ giới từ – Ngữ giới từ bao gồm giới từ, tân ngữ giới từ (là danh từ đại từ) số thành phần bổ ngữ khác – Sau ví dụ vài ngữ giới từ: • By the ocean • Near the... (phó từ) Lan is in the garden (phó từ) I opened the door and he came in (phó từ) V.2-Phân loại giới từ nghĩa số giới từ thường dùng A Phân loại giới từ – Giới từ thời gian: at, on, by, before,...3 Chức giới từ: Giới từ kết hợp với danh từ (hoặc đại từ) để tạo thành cụm từ Cụm từ là: – Ngữ trạng từ (bổ nghĩa cho động từ) : I looked through the window She spoke