MANNING Neal Ford STRUTS TAPESTRY COMMONS VELOCITY JUNIT AXIS COCOON INTERNETBEANS WEBWORK ART OF JAVA WEB DEVELOPMENT Art of Java Web Development Art of Java Web Development STRUTS, TAPESTRY, COMMONS, VELOCITY, JUNIT, AXIS, COCOON, INTERNETBEANS, WEBWORK NEAL FORD MANNING Greenwich (74° w. long.) For online information and ordering of this and other Manning books, go to www.manning.com. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in quantity. For more information, please contact: Special Sales Department Manning Publications Co. 209 Bruce Park Avenue Fax: (203) 661-9018 Greenwich, CT 06830 email: orders@manning.com ©2004 by Manning Publications Co. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. 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Copyeditor: Liz Welch 209 Bruce Park Avenue Typesetter: Dottie Marsico Greenwich, CT 06830 Cover designer: Leslie Haimes ISBN: 1-932394-06-0 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – VHG – 08 07 06 05 04 03 To Chuck, who still teaches me stuff daily vii brief contents PART ITHE EVOLUTION OF WEB ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN 1 1 ■ State-of-the-art web design 3 2 ■ Building web applications 27 3 ■ Creating custom JSP tags 61 4 ■ The Model 2 design pattern 91 PART II WEB FRAMEWORKS 131 5 ■ Using Struts 133 6 ■ Tapestry 159 7 ■ WebWork 199 8 ■ InternetBeans Express 227 9 ■ Velocity 261 10 ■ Cocoon 283 11 ■ Evaluating frameworks 311 viii BRIEF CONTENTS PART III BEST PRACTICES 327 12 ■ Separating concerns 329 13 ■ Handling flow 371 14 ■ Performance 409 15 ■ Resource management 445 16 ■ Debugging 475 17 ■ Unit testing 521 18 ■ Web services and Axis 543 19 ■ What won’t fit in this book 563 [...]... cover illustration xxx PART I THE EVOLUTION OF WEB ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN 1 1 State -of- the -art web design 3 1. 1 A brief history of Java web development 1. 2 The importance of design patterns The Model-View-Controller design pattern Model 2 9 Evolution 10 4 6 7 I The emergence of I 1. 3 Using frameworks 11 A flavor of the Struts framework 12 A flavor of the Turbine framework 14 Objectively choosing... Tapestry 16 0 16 0 Tapestry Hello, World 16 2 16 2 16 7 Framework classes and interfaces 16 7 I Components 17 0 17 3 Bootstrapping the application 17 3 The Home page 17 6 The custom table component 18 0 The Add page 18 5 I I 6.6 Evaluating Tapestry 19 2 Documentation and samples 19 2 Using Tapestry 19 6 6.7 7 Summary WebWork I Debugging support 19 5 19 7 19 9 7 .1 Overview 7.2 Key concepts 200 The architecture 2 01 I The... Summary 91 Using Model 2 as your framework The Model 2 schedule application Options in Model 2 11 6 4.2 92 93 Parameterizing commands with controller servlets An example of parameterizing commands Advantages and disadvantages 12 7 4.3 88 88 89 The Model 2 design pattern 4 .1 84 Summary 12 8 11 8 11 7 CONTENTS PART II WEB FRAMEWORKS 13 1 5 Using Struts 5 .1 133 Building Model 2 Web applications with Struts 13 4... 522 17 .2 Unit testing and JUnit Test cases 525 Test suites 529 17 .3 I I I 525 I I Web testing with JWebUnit 18 Summary I Testing complex elements 18 .1 Key concepts Axis 18 .3 Calling web services 18 .4 eMotherEarth web services 544 545 Architecture of Axis Configuration Summary 546 553 I Axis tools 547 5 51 I 553 Orders 556 I Calling the web service 559 562 What won’t fit in this book 19 .1 539 543 18 .2 19 ... Next, we examine web application frameworks (which are the topic of part 2 of this book) Finally, we examine best practices (the focus of part 3), along with a hot-button issue that falls under that heading The main goal of this book is to show you how to apply best software-engineering practices to the development of web applications in Java 1. 1 A brief history of Java web development Java began life... domain exceptions 4 01 Creating custom exception classes 402 Where to catch and handle exceptions 403 Exceptions in frameworks 406 I I 13 .4 14 Summary 407 Performance 409 14 .1 Profiling 410 Measuring memory Load testing 419 410 Performance profiling 412 Performance of profiling frameworks I I 4 21 CONTENTS 14 .2 Common performance pitfalls Object creation 422 String usage 426 14 .3 Pooling I 4 21 Extraneous object... Cocoon 10 .5 Evaluating Cocoon The sitemap I The web framework 289 I The sitemap 303 I The action 304 I The view 305 307 I Source code 308 309 Evaluating frameworks 11 .1 295 302 Documentation and samples 307 Debugging 308 Summary 288 289 The publishing framework The web framework 299 11 282 283 Overview 10 .6 Using Velocity 282 10 .1 10.3 I Evaluation criteria 311 312 Suitability to the application 312 Documentation... 502 I 16 .4 Evaluating debuggers 16 .5 Debugging in frameworks 505 506 Struts 506 Tapestry 507 WebWork 507 InternetBeans Express 507 Velocity 508 Cocoon I I I I 508 xv xvi CONTENTS 16 .6 Logging 508 General logging concepts 509 SDK logging 512 log4j logging 516 Choosing a logging framework 519 Logging in frameworks 519 I I 16 .7 17 Summary Unit testing 17 .1 520 5 21 The case for testing 522 Agile development. .. 315 Source code 316 Tool support 317 External criteria I I 11 .2 Design considerations I 319 Adherence to good design principles 319 The user interface 320 Innovative features 3 21 Insularity 322 “Feel” 322 I I I 11 .3 What I like 323 Transparent infrastructure 323 Innovative ideas Ultra-high cohesion and low coupling 324 Evaluating frameworks as a hobby 324 I 11 .4 Summary 324 323 318 xiv CONTENTS PART... 536 5 41 Web services and Axis 18 .5 Persistence 563 564 Plain old Java objects 564 Enterprise JavaBeans 564 Java data objects (JDO) 565 Hibernate 566 I I 19 .2 524 Testing entities 525 Running tests 528 Testing boundaries 530 Tool support 534 JWebUnit TestCases 537 17 .4 Unit testing in web applications HTML and the user interface HTML/XHTML 19 .3 JavaScript 568 19 .4 Summary 569 bibliography index 5 71 570 . Ford STRUTS TAPESTRY COMMONS VELOCITY JUNIT AXIS COCOON INTERNETBEANS WEBWORK ART OF JAVA WEB DEVELOPMENT Art of Java Web Development Art of Java Web Development STRUTS, TAPESTRY, COMMONS, VELOCITY, JUNIT, AXIS, COCOON, INTERNETBEANS, WEBWORK NEAL. cover illustration xxx PART ITHE EVOLUTION OF WEB ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN 1 1 State -of- the -art web design 3 1. 1 A brief history of Java web development 4 1. 2 The importance of design patterns 6 The. Summary 309 11 Evaluating frameworks 311 11 .1 Evaluation criteria 312 Suitability to the application 312 ■ Documentation 315 Source code 316 ■ Tool support 317 ■ External criteria 318 11 .2 Design