MasteringAutoCAD 2011 and AutoCAD LT 2011 phần 10 ppt

ChapTer 23: rendering 3d drawings | 1081 Create effects using materials and lights. You can use materials and lights together to control the appearance of your model. Master It Name the part of the example model in this chapter that was used to show how a material can appear to glow. Solution Ceiling lights. Apply and adjust texture maps. Texture maps can be used to create a number of effects in your model. You can use a brick texture map that repeats over a surface to simulate a brick wall, or you can use a photograph of a building to turn a box into a building. Master It What is the name of the feature that lets you graphically adjust a texture map on an object? Solution Mapping Gizmo. Understand the rendering options. In addition to adjusting the materials and lighting to control the look of your rendering, you can make other adjustments to your rendering through the Render panel and the Render window. Master It Name some of the right-click menu options that appear for image filenames in the Render window. Solution Render Again, Save, Save Copy, Make Render Settings Current, Remove From The List, and Delete Output File. Add cameras for better view control. When you create a view using the View Manager dialog box, you’re actually creating a camera. Cameras are objects that let you control the orientation and view target for a view, among other things. Master It Name some of the options you can set to control a camera. Solution Name, camera location, height, target location, focal length, and front and back clipping. Print your renderings. You can save your rendered views as bitmap files using the Render window. If you prefer, you can also have AutoCAD include a rendering in a layout. You can include different renderings of the same file in a single layout. Master It Give a general description of the process for setting up a rendered viewport in a layout. Solution Create a viewport, and then set up the view you want for the viewport using the View Manager dialog box. Select the viewport’s border, right-click, and select a Shade Plot menu option. Simulate natural light. When you want to get a more accurate rendition of the lighting effects on your model, you can use some of the advanced rendering features that simulate natural light. Master It Name the two setting groups you need to use to render an interior view accurately. Solution The Global Illumination and Final Gather groups of the Advanced Render Settings palette. 621974bapp01.indd 1081 4/26/10 12:42:06 PM 1082 | Appendix A The BoTTom Line Chapter 24: Editing and Visualizing 3D Solids Understand solid modeling. Solid modeling lets you build 3D models by creating and joining 3D shapes called solids. There are several built-in solid shapes called primitives, and you can create others using the Extrude tool. Master It Name some of the built-in solid primitives available in AutoCAD. Solution Box, wedge, cone, sphere, cylinder, pyramid, torus, and polysolid. Create solid forms. You can use Boolean operations to sculpt 3D solids into the shape you want. Two solids can be joined to form a more complex one, or you can remove one solid from another. Master It Name the three Boolean operations you can use on solids. Solution Intersection, subtraction, and union. Create complex solids. Besides the primitives, you can create your own shapes based on 2D polylines. Master It Name three tools that let you convert closed polylines and circles into 3D solids. Solution Extrude, Revolve, and Sweep. Edit solids. Once you’ve created a solid, you can make changes to it using the solid-editing tools offered on the Solid Editing panel. Master It Name at least four of the tools found on the Solid Editing panel. Solution The tools found on the Solid Editing panel are Union, Subtract, Intersect, Interfere, Slice, Thicken, tools on the Edges flyout, tools on the Faces flyout, tools on the Separate flyout, Convert To Solid, and Convert To Surface. Streamline the 2D drawing process. You can create 3D orthogonal views of your 3D model to create standard 2D mechanical drawings. Master It What is the name of the tool in the Solid Editing panel that lets you create a 2D drawing of a 3D model? Solution Flatshot. Visualize solids. In addition to viewing your 3D model in a number of different orientations, you can view it as if it were transparent or cut in half. Master It What is the name of the command that lets you create a cut view of your 3D model? Solution S e c t i o n p l a n e . Chapter 25: Exploring 3D Mesh and Surface Modeling Create a simple 3D mesh. Mesh modeling allows you to create more organic 3D forms by giving you unique smoothing and editing tools. You can start your mesh model by creating a basic shape using the mesh primitives. 621974bapp01.indd 1082 4/26/10 12:42:06 PM ChapTer 26: using The express TooLs | 1083 Master It Name at least six mesh primitives available on the Primitives panel of the Mesh Modeling tab. Solution The mesh primitives are box, cylinder, cone, sphere, pyramid, wedge, and torus. Edit faces and edges. The ability to edit faces and edges is essential to creating complex shapes with mesh objects. Master It Name the tool that is used to divide a face into multiple faces. Solution The Refine Mesh tool. Create mesh surfaces. The Mesh primitives let you create shapes that enclose a volume. If you just want to model a smooth, curved surface in 3D, you might find the surface mesh tools helpful. Master It How many objects are needed to use the Edge Surface tool? Solution F o u r . Convert meshes to solids. You can convert a mesh into a 3D solid to take advantage of many of the solid editing tools available in AutoCAD. Master It Name at least two tools you can use on a solid that you cannot use on a mesh. Solution Union, Subtract, Intersect, Interfere, any of the edge or face editing tools on the Solid Editing panel of the Home tab. Understand 3D surfaces. 3D surfaces can be created using some of the same tools you use to create 3D solids. Master It Name at least two tools you can use to create both 3D solids and 3D surfaces. Solution Any of the following: Loft, Sweep, Extrude, and Revolve. Edit 3D surfaces. AutoCAD offers a wide range of tools that are unique to 3D surfaces. Master It Name at least four tools devoted to CV editing. Solution Any of the following: CV Edit bar, Convert To NURBS, Show CV, Hide CV, Surface Rebuild (Rebuild), Surface CV – Add (or just CV Add), and Surface CV – Remove (or just CV Remove). Chapter 26: Using the Express Tools Use enhancements straight from the source. The Express tools have been around for a while and were originally intended to show what could be done with customization. Many users have come to rely on some of these tools. Master It In which panel will you find the Align Space tool? Solution L a y o u t . Put AutoLISP to work. AutoLISP is a macro language that gives you the ability to create your own commands. Master It Name the filename extension for AutoLISP programs. Solution The filename extension is .lsp. 621974bapp01.indd 1083 4/26/10 12:42:06 PM 1084 | Appendix A The BoTTom Line Chapter 27: Exploring AutoLISP Understand the interpreter. One of the simplest ways to start using AutoLISP is to enter an AutoLISP expression directly into the command line. Master It Give an example of an AutoLISP formula that performs a simple math function. Solution (+ 2 2) Use arguments and functions. AutoLISP needs two elements, an argument and an expression, to do any work. Master It Which is the function in the following AutoLISP expression? (+ 45 33) Solution + Create a simple program. You can input a simple program directly into AutoCAD by entering it through the command line. Master It Name a function that pauses an AutoLISP program for user input. Solution Getpoint or any of the Get functions. Select objects with AutoLISP. AutoLISP offers an expression that lets you select objects and then perform some operation on the set of objects. Master It What function lets you select objects, and what AutoLISP feature do you use to store your selection? Solution Ssget, variable. Control the flow of an AutoLISP program. You can set up an AutoLISP program to test for conditions and perform different operations depending on the result. Master It Name some functions that test for a condition. Solution If, While, Foreach. Convert data types. The functions in AutoLISP are designed to work with their own types of data. For example, math functions work only with numbers, and string operations work only with text. If you need to use the result of a math function in text, you can convert the number into text. Master It What is the name of the function that converts an angle in radians to text? Solution Angtos. Store your programs as files. You can save your AutoLISP program in a text editor like Windows Notepad and then later have AutoCAD retrieve your program for use. Master It What is the filename extension for AutoLISP programs? Solution .lsp 621974bapp01.indd 1084 4/26/10 12:42:07 PM ChapTer 28: CusTomizing TooLBars, menus, LineTypes, and haTCh paTTerns | 1085 Chapter 28: Customizing Toolbars, Menus, Linetypes, and Hatch Patterns Use workspaces. Often with AutoCAD, you find that you have different sets of panels or toolbars open to perform specific tasks. You might have one set of Ribbon panels for editing text and dimensions, whereas another set is more useful for design. Using workspaces is a great way to organize your different editing modes. Master It Where do you find the Customize option for workspaces? Solution The Workspace drop-down menu or the Workspace Switching tool. Customize the user interface. In addition to using workspaces to organize tools and Ribbon panels, you can customize the AutoCAD interface to make it fit the way you like to work. You can add tools to Ribbon panels or even create your own tools for operations you perform frequently. Master It What does the Customizations In All Files group display? Solution Interface elements like toolbars, menus, ribbons, and so on. Create macros in tools and menus. A macro is a set of instructions that performs more complex operations than single commands. Macros are often built on commands with addi- tional predefined responses to help speed data input. Master It What does the ^C do in a macro? Solution The ^C is equivalent to pressing the Esc key. Edit keyboard shortcuts. Keyboard shortcuts can help improve your speed when drawing in AutoCAD. They can reduce several clicks of the mouse to a simple keystroke. AutoCAD lets you create custom shortcuts for your favorite commands. Master It What is the keyboard shortcut for Copy? Solution Co↵. Save, load, and unload your customizations. To keep your customizations organized, you can save new toolbars, menus, and Ribbons as files that you can load on demand. When you save your custom elements as a file, you can move them to other computers. Master It Name the tab that contains the group you use to save your custom elements. Solution Transfer tab. Understand the Diesel macro language. If you’re adventurous, you may want to try your hand at creating more-complex macros. The Diesel macro language is an easy introduction to AutoCAD macro customization and is most useful in controlling the behavior in menu options. Master It What does the expression $(getvar, blipmode) do? Solution It returns 1 or 0 depending on the current state of the Blipmode system variable. Create custom linetypes. AutoCAD offers a number of noncontinuous linetypes, and you may find them adequate for most of your work. But every now and then, you may need a specific linetype that isn’t available. Creating custom linetypes is easy once you understand the process. Master It What is the purpose of a negative value in the linetype code? Solution A blank or break in the line. 621974bapp01.indd 1085 4/26/10 12:42:07 PM 1086 | Appendix A The BoTTom Line Create hatch patterns. Like linetypes, the hatch patterns provided by AutoCAD will probably fill most of your needs. But every now and then, you may need to produce a specific pattern. Master It How are a hatch pattern code and a linetype code similar? Solution They both use numeric values to describe lines. Chapter 29: Managing and Sharing Your Drawings Share drawings over the Internet. As a drafter or designer, it’s very likely that you’ll be involved in collaborative efforts, which means you’ll have to share your work with others. The Internet has made it much easier to do this. Master It Why is eTransmit important for sending AutoCAD drawings over the Internet? Solution An AutoCAD drawing can have many different external files associated with it, such as fonts, Xrefs, and image files. eTransmit offers a quick way to gather these files into one place or into a single archive file. ePublish your drawings. Autodesk offers the DWF drawing format, which lets non-CAD users view and add comments to simplified versions of your drawings. You can use the Publish feature to create a single DWF file from several drawings. Master It True or false: The Publish feature can be used to plot multiple drawings in the background. Solution T r u e . Manage your drawings with DesignCenter and the tool palettes. The DesignCenter is a great tool for managing your drawings’ resources, like blocks, custom linetypes, and other elements. Master It True or false: The DesignCenter has the capacity to scale a block automatically to the correct size when moving from metric to Imperial drawings. Solution T r u e . Establish office standards. AutoCAD allows for a wide range of settings in a drawing. For this reason, it’s a good idea to create standards for the way drawings are set up. Master It Name the filename extension for an AutoCAD drawing standards file. Solution .dws. Convert multiple layer settings. If you exchange files with another office, you may find that their layer scheme is different from yours. AutoCAD offers the Layer Translator to help you translate layer names from an unfamiliar drawing to names you’re more comfortable with. Master It Name the filename extensions of the types of files that you can use as a template for layer-name translations. Solution .dwg, .dws, and .dwt. 621974bapp01.indd 1086 4/26/10 12:42:07 PM ChapTer 30: keeping a projeCT organized wiTh sheeT seTs | 1087 Chapter 30: Keeping a Project Organized with Sheet Sets Understand sheet sets. The sheet set feature is like a database that automatically keeps track of drawings and drawing resources for your projects. To use sheets sets successfully, you need to make sure the Sheet Set Manager is aware of all the drawings and resources used in a project. Master It Name the two main categories of files that sheets sets use and that were mentioned at the beginning of this chapter. Solution Reference files and sheet files. Create a sheet set from an existing project. If you have existing project files, you can set up a sheet set to work with them. Master It Name the option on the first page of the Create Sheet Set Wizard that lets you set up a sheet set for an existing project. Solution The Existing Drawings radio button. Manage title blocks and cross-references. When the Sheet Set Manager is aware of a drawing or drawing resource, you can automate the creation of sheets such as elevations and sections. You can also control the naming and numbering of drawings in a set through the Sheet Set Manager. Master It What is the name of the right-click option that lets you change the name and number of a drawing? Solution Rename & Renumber. Customize sheet sets. To use sheets sets to their full potential, you should create title blocks and callout blocks that are sheet set aware so they can communicate with the Sheet Set Manager. Master It What is the name of the object you must include in a block to store data? Solution Attribute definition. Archive, publish, and eTransmit sheet sets. As a project starts to grow, you’ll have to keep track of sheet and reference drawings as well as other drawing resources. Because the Sheet Set Manager is already aware of all the files needed for a project, you can use it to help keep track of project files. Master It Name the three AutoCAD features that help you manage your files. Solution Archive, Publish, and eTransmit. 621974bapp01.indd 1087 4/26/10 12:42:07 PM 621974bapp01.indd 1088 4/26/10 12:42:07 PM Appendix B Installing and Setting Up AutoCAD This appendix gives you information about installing AutoCAD 2011 on your system and describes the system parameters you should set to configure AutoCAD to meet the needs of your operating environment. Throughout this appendix, the system variable associated with a setting, when available, is included at the end of an option description, enclosed in brackets. System variables are settings that enable you to control AutoCAD’s behavior when you’re using commands and features. You’ll find a detailed description of the AutoCAD system variables in the AutoCAD 2011 Help website. Before Installing AutoCAD Before you begin the installation process, be sure you have at least 1 GB of free disk space for the 32-bit version and 1.5 GB of free disk space for the 64-bit version. You should also have at least an additional 100 MB of free disk space for AutoCAD temporary files and swap files, plus another 20 MB for the tutorial files you’ll create. AutoCAD will work with Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista or Windows XP (Home, Professional, or Tablet edition) with service pack 3. AutoCAD also works with Internet Explorer 7. For 2D work, you’ll also need a Pentium IV CPU or better with at least 2 GB of RAM and a video card that supports at least 1024 × 768 resolution and True Color. For serious 3D work, Autodesk recommends 2 GB of RAM, 2 GB of free disk space (not including the AutoCAD installation), and a 128 MB or greater OpenGL/Direct3D-capable workstation-class graphics card. Autodesk has a list of certified graphics cards for 3D model- ing. This list is always being updated, so check the Autodesk website for the latest information. Finally, have your AutoCAD vendor’s name and phone number ready. You’ll be asked to enter this information during the installation. Single-user systems have a 30-day grace period, so you can install and use AutoCAD without entering your authorization code right away. You can obtain an authorization code by fax, by phone, or over the Internet as indicated when you first start AutoCAD. The trial software that comes with this book can’t be authorized, so be sure that you have a good block of free time to study AutoCAD before you install it. Proceeding with the Installation AutoCAD 2011 installs like most other Windows programs, but you should know a few things before you start. The following sections provide some information that can be helpful as you begin your installation. 621974bapp02.indd 1089 4/26/10 12:42:10 PM 1090 | APPENDIX B InstallIng and settIng Up aUtoCad Installing the AutoCAD Software Installing AutoCAD is simple and straightforward. AutoCAD uses an installation wizard like most other Windows programs. Here are some guidelines to follow during the installation process: Before you start, make sure you have enough disk space, and also make sure no other •u programs are running. You’ll need your AutoCAD serial number, which is usually on the package label. If you’re installing the trial version from the companion CD, select the “I want to try this product for 30 days” option on the User and Product Information page of the installation wizard. Typically, the AutoCAD installation program starts automatically when you insert the •u AutoCAD 2011 DVD into your computer. In the event that it doesn’t, do the following: 1. In Windows, choose Start  Run to open the Run dialog box. 2. In the Open box, enter D:\setup. Enter the letter of your DVD drive in place of the D in this example. Click OK when you’re ready. The AutoCAD 2011 Master Setup dialog box opens. 3. After the installation starts, follow the directions in the installation wizard. 4. You’re asked to select the location for your AutoCAD files. The tutorials in this book assume that you have AutoCAD on drive C and in a folder called \Program Files\ Autodesk\AutoCAD 2011\—these are the defaults during the installation. 5. You’re given the choice of including the Autodesk Design Review 2011 program and the Autodesk Material Library 2011 Medium Image library. Include the Autodesk Material Library in the installation. 6. You may also be asked if you want to install the Express tools and sample files. Go ahead and install them. 7. If you don’t have enough disk space, the installation wizard lets you know exactly how much room you need on each drive involved in the installation. You can take steps to make more room by using Windows Explorer or the Windows Disk Cleanup utility. If you do this, make sure you close those programs when you’ve finished making room and before you return to the AutoCAD setup. After the installation is complete, you see the AutoCAD 2011 Setup dialog box, which may ask whether you want to restart your computer. It’s usually better to restart your computer immediately after installing AutoCAD if it requests that you do so. Configuring AutoCAD In the following sections, you’ll learn how to configure AutoCAD to work the way you want it to. You can configure AutoCAD at any time during an AutoCAD session by using the Options dialog box. The tutorials in this book assume that you’re using the default Options settings. As you become more familiar with the workings of AutoCAD, you may want to adjust the way AutoCAD works by using the Options dialog box. You can also set many of the options in the Options dialog box through system variables. 621974bapp02.indd 1090 4/26/10 12:42:11 PM [...]... may be included with command switches and environment settings 621974bapp02.indd 109 1 4/26 /10 12:42:11 PM 109 2  | Appendix B  Installing and Setting Up AutoCAD Device Driver File Search Path ​ The Device Driver File Search Path item locates the device  ​ drivers for AutoCAD Device drivers are applications that enable AutoCAD to communicate directly with printers, plotters, and input devices In most... of the crosshair and the UCS icon You can specify 621974bapp02.indd 1105 4/26 /10 12:42:14 PM 1106   | Appendix B  Installing and Setting Up AutoCAD the default method for displaying 3D objects, and you can specify the default settings for Walk And Fly and Animation features 3D Crosshairs These settings control the behavior and appearance of the crosshair cursor when you’re viewing your drawing in 3D:... Demand prevents AutoCAD from loading third-party applications when a custom object is present Some standard AutoCAD commands won’t work if you select Disable Load On Demand because AutoCAD itself uses ObjectARX applications Custom Object Detect causes AutoCAD to automatically load an ARX application if a custom object is present Command Invoke loads a custom application when you invoke a command from that... warning appears when a drawing with custom objects is opened but AutoCAD can’t find the objects’ associated ARX application [Proxynotice] 621974bapp02.indd 109 8 4/26 /10 12:42:13 PM | Configuring AutoCAD   109 9 The Plot and Publish Tab The Plot And Publish tab in the Options dialog box offers settings related to printing and plotting See Chapter 8 and Appendix C for a description of these options The System... at the Command prompt For the Automatic Save file, enter savefilepath↵ LT users can employ the Modemacro command as in Modemacro↵$(getvar,logfilepath)↵ or Modemacro↵$(getvar,savefilepath)↵ See Chapter 28 for more on Modemacro 621974bapp02.indd 109 3 4/26 /10 12:42:11 PM 109 4  | Appendix B  Installing and Setting Up AutoCAD The Display Tab The settings on this tab (Figure B.2) let you control AutoCAD s... objects and their related ObjectARX applications: Demand Load ObjectARX Apps ​ Controls when a supporting third-party application is  ​ loaded if a custom object is present in a file This option offers several settings that you can select from a drop-down list The available settings are Disable Load On Demand, Custom Object Detect, Command Invoke, and Object Detect And Command Invoke Disable Load On Demand... the Wintab driver, you can select Wintab Compatible Digitizer 621974bapp02.indd 109 9 4/26 /10 12:42:13 PM 1100   | Appendix B  Installing and Setting Up AutoCAD You can further limit AutoCAD s use to the Wintab Compatible Digitizer by selecting the Digitizer Only radio button If you select the Digitizer And Mouse radio button, AutoCAD will accept input from both devices The Layout Regen Options Group This... control AutoCAD s Web-based help feature: Use Online Help From Autodesk Website When Available ​ Controls whether AutoCAD s  ​ help feature uses the Autodesk website or help documents installed on your computer Internet Explorer (Supports All Functionality) ​ Causes AutoCAD to use Internet Explorer  ​ to open the AutoCAD 2011 Help website Default System Browser ​ Causes AutoCAD to use your default browser... help, automatic save, log, and configuration files If you have a network installation, you can also set the License Manager location on your network Text Editor, Dictionary, And Font File Names ​ Use this item to set the location of the text  ​ editor [Mtexted], custom and main dictionaries [Dctmain, Dctust], and the alternate font and font-mapping files [Fontalt] Chapter 10 describes these tools in... the default visual style, resolution, frame rate, and animation file format when using the Motion Path Animation (Anipath) feature SteeringWheels ​ Click this button to open the SteeringWheels Settings dialog box  ​ (Figure B.11) Here you can set the appearance and behavior of the SteeringWheels feature 621974bapp02.indd 1107 4/26 /10 12:42:15 PM 1108   | Appendix B  Installing and Setting Up AutoCAD . installation. 621974bapp02.indd 108 9 4/26 /10 12:42 :10 PM 109 0 | APPENDIX B InstallIng and settIng Up aUtoCad Installing the AutoCAD Software Installing AutoCAD is simple and straightforward. AutoCAD uses an. control AutoCAD s behavior when you’re using commands and features. You’ll find a detailed description of the AutoCAD system variables in the AutoCAD 2011 Help website. Before Installing AutoCAD Before. included with command switches and environment settings. Figure B.1 The Files tab 621974bapp02.indd 109 1 4/26 /10 12:42:11 PM 109 2 | APPENDIX B InstallIng and settIng Up aUtoCad Device Driver