MCITP Windows Server 2008 Server Administrator Study Guide phần 10 pptx

434 Chapter 9 N Planning Business Continuity and High Availability Additionally, you can back up and restore system state using the Wbadmin tool. This was covered in more depth in Chapter 5. Once you install the Windows Backup feature, you have access to the Wbadmin tool. The following commands are available at the command line: Enable Backup ÛN . You can use this command to enable or modify scheduled backups. Disable Backup ÛN . You can use this command to disable scheduled backups. Start Backup ÛN . You can immediately start a backup with this command. You can use this to run a one-time backup. Stop Job ÛN . This command will stop a backup or recovery that is currently running. Get Versions ÛN . You can read the version information from available backups with this command. Version information includes the backup time and date stamp, the backup destination, and the version identifier. Get Items ÛN . This will list information on individual items contained within a backup. Start Recovery ÛN . You can begin a recovery of volumes, applications, folders, or files with this command. Get Status ÛN . This reports the status of a currently running job by indicating the volume being backed up and the percentage complete. Get Disks ÛN . This shows disks that are currently online. Start Systemstaterecovery ÛN . This will begin a system state recovery from a selected backup. If you are attempting to restore system state for a domain controller, you can do so only from the directory services restore mode (DSRM). Start Systemstatebackup ÛN . This will begin a backup of system state data. Delete Systemstatebackup ÛN . You can delete backups of system state data with this command. Start Sysrecovery ÛN . You can begin a recovery of the full system with volumes that have the operating system’s state. Restore Catalog ÛN . If the backup catalog is corrupted, this command will recover a backup catalog. Delete Catalog ÛN . This will delete a backup catalog. Each of the Wbadmin commands has extensive syntax requirements beyond the scope of this book. For the syntax of any of the commands, you can get help at the command line with the following syntax: Wbadmin command /? For example, if you want more information on the Start Systemstaterecovery com- mand, you can enter the following command: Wbadmin Start Systemstaterecovery /? 93157c09.indd 434 8/8/08 10:34:31 AM Windows Server Backup Features 435 Using Windows Server Backup Exercise 9.2 shows the steps to launch Windows Server Backup and run a server recovery backup. If you don’t have the backup feature installed, you can follow the steps in Exercise 5.2 in Chapter 5. EXERCISE 9.2 Running Windows Server Backup 1. Click Start  Administrative Tools  Windows Server Backup. 2. In the Windows Server Backup tool, click Backup Once. 3. On the Backup Options page, select Different Options (if it’s not already selected), and click Next. 4. On the Select Backup Configuration page, select Custom, and click Next. 5. On the Select Backup Items page, select the check box for only the volume (or volumes) needed for system recovery. Deselect the check boxes for the remaining drives (if there are any). Ensure the check box for Enable System Recovery is selected. Your display will look similar to the following graphic (though your system may not have as many vol- umes). Click Next. 93157c09.indd 435 8/8/08 10:34:32 AM 436 Chapter 9 N Planning Business Continuity and High Availability EXERCISE 9.2 (continued) 6. On the Specify Destination Type page, select Local Drives, and click Next. Note that you can choose to store the date on local drives (including locally connected USB drives or remote shared folders using the UNC of \\serverName\shareName). 7. On the Select Backup Destination page, select your destination drive from the drop- down box. Notice that you can’t select one of the drives that are included in the system recovery as the destination. Click Next. 8. On the Specify Advanced Option page, ensure that VSS Copy Backup (recommended) is selected. Click Next. 9. On the Confirmation page, review your choices, and click Backup. The backup will start and show you progress. You can close the backup tool and continue to work while the backup tool runs in the background. The amount of time needed for the backup depends on the amount of data being backed up. 10. When the backup is complete, click Close. Windows Recovery Environment The Windows Recovery Environment is a partial version of the operating system. It is based on the Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) but has a primary purpose of recovery. It includes several tools you can use in the event of a serious failure on your server to perform operating system or full server recoveries. The tools included in the WinRE are as follows: Windows Complete PC Restore If you created a full server backup, you can use the Win- dows Complete PC Restore tool to fully restore your operating system and server. If you select this option, the system will search for a valid backup location (such as a DVD drive or a portable USB disk drive). You can then restore from the full server backup stored on this location. Windows Memory Diagnostic tool If you suspect your server has problems with the physical random access memory (RAM), you can use this tool to check the RAM. This tool does require a valid server 2008 installation to function. If you choose this option, you will be prompted to either restart the computer immediately and run the Memory Diagnostic tool or allow it to run on the next boot. 93157c09.indd 436 8/8/08 10:34:32 AM Windows Recovery Environment 437 Command prompt You can access to the command prompt with administrator privileges in the WinRE. This allows you to access the file system if needed. You also have access to Windows Backup Admin ( Wbadmin) commands. Entering WinRE There are four ways to enter the Windows Recovery Environment: Boot from the installation CD When you boot from the installation CD, you can select Repair Your Computer from the installation screen. Exercise 9.3 will walk you through the steps for this process. Deploy from WDS You can create a Windows RE image file ( .wim) and deploy it using Win- dows Deployment Services (WDS). WDS was covered in much more depth in Chapter 2. Create a bootable WinRE disk It’s also possible to create a WinRE bootable disk. To create a WinRE bootable disk (in the format of an .iso file), you could use the Business Desktop Deployment (BDD) tools or the Windows Automated Installation Kit (WAIK). Both tools take some time to master and use, but in time I fully expect completed .iso files to begin appearing. Create a bootable WinRE partition It’s possible to create a bootable WinRE partition on your hard disk. The partition should be at least 1.5GB in size and preferably be on a dif- ferent physical disk than the operating system. If the operating system partition fails, you would still be able to boot into the WinRE partition. If you want to install WinRE on a separate partition, check out this blog entry from the WinRE team: http://blogs.msdn.com/winre/archive/2007/ 01/12/how-to-install-winre-on-the-hard-disk.aspx. Special thanks to Stuart Ami (this book’s technical editor) for finding this valuable blog entry. The best way to understand WinRE is to launch it and take a look. Exercise 9.3 shows the steps to enter the WinRE environment from the installation DVD. EXERCISE 9.3 Launching WinRE 1. Insert your Windows Server 2008 installation DVD, and boot from it. 2. When prompted to set your language and other preferences, click Next. 3. On the Install Now page (shown in the following graphic), click the Repair Your Computer link located at the bottom-left corner. 93157c09.indd 437 8/8/08 10:34:32 AM 438 Chapter 9 N Planning Business Continuity and High Availability EXERCISE 9.3 (continued) 4. On the System Recovery Options page, you can select the operating system that you want to repair. If there aren’t any operating systems listed, you can still enter the WinRE environment by clicking Next. 5. On the Choose a Recovery Tool page (shown in the following graphic), you can choose Windows Complete PC Restore, Windows Memory Diagnostic Tool, or Command Prompt. Choose Command Prompt. 6. In the command prompt window, enter wbadmin /?. You’ll see a list of commands available via the Wbadmin tool in WinRE. 93157c09.indd 438 8/8/08 10:34:32 AM Exam Essentials 439 Summary In this chapter, you learned about several different possibilities of ensuring business continuity and making your data highly available. Any NTFS disk can have Shadow Copies enabled on it, allowing previous versions to be created on a regular schedule. Users can then restore their data on their own. You learned about many of the RAID disk solutions and what is relevant with Windows Server 2008 such as RAID-0, RAID-1, RAID-5, and RAID-10. A significant portion of the chapter was dedicated to failover clusters. You learned that failover clusters can be used to provide fault tolerance for a server. A drawback of failover clusters is the added cost due to the hardware and shared storage requirements. Fibre Channel (FC) is significantly more expensive, but iSCSI brings the cost down some by using existing network infrastructure. Network Load Balancing (NLB) clusters can be used for servers that don’t need shared storage (such as IIS, firewalls, and proxy servers). Unlike failover clusters that can be installed only on Windows Server 2008 Enterprise or Datacenter editions, NLB clusters can be installed on any version. You learned about the capabilities of Windows Server Backup and the Wbadmin command- line tool. Backups can be stored on local disks, DVDs (though only for manual backups), USB disks, and even network shares. Last, you learned about the Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) and how it can be accessed. Exam Essentials Understand Shadow Copies and previous versions. You should understand that by enabling Shadow Copies, users will have access to previous versions of their files. Know the different types of RAID. You should know which types of RAID provide fault tolerance (RAID-1, RAID-5, and RAID-10) and which doesn’t (RAID-0). You also should know which RAID is used for protecting the operating system (RAID-1) and which RAID is used to protect data with the best performance (RAID-5 or RAID-10). Understand failover clusters and their requirements. You need to know the purpose of failover clusters (provide fault tolerance for servers). You should also know that you must have Windows Server 2008 Enterprise or Datacenter edition to support failover clusters. You should also know which quorum configuration to select when deploying clusters. Know the storage strategies available for failover clusters. You should be aware of the different storage strategies available and when they should be used. Fibre Channel (FC) uses dedicated hardware and dedicated connections so wouldn’t affect the network traffic but costs more. iSCSI can use the existing network infrastructure so costs less. GUID Partition Table disks can be used if storage larger than 2TB is needed. 93157c09.indd 439 8/8/08 10:34:32 AM 440 Chapter 9 N Planning Business Continuity and High Availability Understand the purpose of network load balancing. You should know that network load balancing (NLB) is used to provide high availability. NLB doesn’t use shared data storage as a failover cluster does. For any server roles that don’t need shared storage, NLB can be used for high availability. NLB can be installed on any Windows Server 2008 edition. Know the backup and restore capabilities of Windows Server 2008. You should know the capabilities of the Windows Server Backup and Wbadmin tools, such as what can be backed up, where backups can be stored, and what can be restored. Know about the Windows Recovery Environment. You should know the capabilities avail- able in the Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) and how the WinRE can be accessed. 93157c09.indd 440 8/8/08 10:34:32 AM Review Questions 441 Review Questions 1. You are tasked with recommending a strategy that allows users to retrieve previous versions of files without intervention by an administrator. If a disk fails, you should be able to restore individual files. All servers are running Windows Server 2008. What should you do? (Choose all that apply.) A. Perform a daily backup of data. B. Enable Shadow Copies, and store them on the same volume. C. Enable Shadow Copies, and store them on a different volume. D. Enable clustering on the server. 2. Users store their data on a file server running Windows Server 2008. Recently, a junior administrator has spent a lot of time retrieving data files for several users from backups. You’d like to reduce the administrator’s need to do this. What can you do? A. Install Windows Server Backup on the users’ desktops. B. Install Windows Complete PC Restore on the users’ desktops. C. Install the WinRE on the users’ desktops. D. Enable Shadow Copies. 3. You are preparing to deploy Microsoft SQL Server on a Windows Server 2008 server. You have five disks. You want to provide protection of the operating system and the data in the event a single disk fails. You also want to optimize the performance of the disks. What should you do? A. Create a RAID-1 and a RAID-5. Place the operating system and the SQL data files on the RAID-1 and the SQL transaction log on the RAID-5. B. Create two RAID-5 volumes. Place the operating system on one RAID-5 and the SQL files on the other RAID-5. C. Create a RAID-1 and a RAID-5. Place the operating system and the SQL data files on the RAID-5 and the SQL transaction log on the RAID-1. D. Create a RAID-1 and a RAID-5. Place the operating system and the SQL transaction log on the RAID-1 and the SQL data files on the RAID-5. 4. You are tasked with configuring a Windows Server 2008 server that will operate as a file server. You have five SCSI drives, and you need to ensure that the operating system is separated from the data. Additionally, you need to ensure that the server will continue to function completely even if a disk fails. What should you do? A. Configure the five disks as a RAID-5 array. B. Configure three disks as RAID-0 and two disks as a RAID-1. Put the operating system on the RAID-1 and the data on the RAID-0. C. Configure three disks as a RAID-5 and two disks as a RAID-1. Put the operating system on the RAID-5 and the data on the RAID-1. D. Configure three disks as a RAID-5 and two disks as a RAID-1. Put the operating system on the RAID-1 and the data on the RAID-5. 93157c09.indd 441 8/8/08 10:34:32 AM 442 Chapter 9 N Planning Business Continuity and High Availability 5. You are researching the requirements to install Microsoft SQL Server 2005 on a Windows Server 2008 server. Your solution must include redundancy for SQL Server if a single server fails. What should you recommend? A. Install Windows Server 2008 Standard edition on two servers, and implement network load balancing. B. Install Windows Server 2008 Enterprise edition on two servers, and implement network load balancing. C. Install Windows Server 2008 Enterprise edition on two servers, and implement failover clusters. D. Install Windows Server 2008 Data Center edition using a Server Core installation on two servers, and implement failover clusters. 6. You are researching the requirements to deploy file server on Windows Server 2008. Your solution must meet the following requirements: maintain access to all data if a single server fails or if a single disk fails. The disks should be configured for optimum disk throughput. What should you do? A. Implement a two-node failover cluster with external storage configured as a RAID-10. B. Implement a two-node failover cluster with external storage configured as a RAID-0. C. Implement a two-node failover cluster with external storage configured as a RAID-1. D. Implement a two-node failover cluster with internal storage configured as a RAID-10. 7. Your company is deploying a line-of-business application on Windows Server 2008 servers internal to the network. You are tasked with identifying a method that will ensure the appli- cation will continue to run even if a single server fails. What should you recommend? A. Deploy a three-node failover cluster using the Node and File Share Majority quorum configuration. B. Deploy a three-node failover cluster using the Node and Disk Majority disk only quorum configuration. C. Deploy a two-node failover cluster using the Node and File Share Majority quorum configuration. D. Deploy a two-node failover cluster using the No Majority: Disk Only quorum configuration. 8. Your company has its headquarters in Virginia Beach and a branch office in Suffolk. The company is planning on deploying a client/server application that will be available to users at the headquarters and the branch office. You are tasked with identifying a method of ensuring the application will remain available even if a single server fails, while minimizing costs. All servers run Windows Server 2008. What should you recommend? A. Deploy a one-node failover cluster at headquarters and a one-node failover cluster at the branch office. B. Deploy a two-node failover cluster at headquarters and a two-node failover cluster at the branch office. C. Deploy a two-node failover cluster including one node at headquarters and one node at the branch office. D. Deploy a two-node failover cluster at headquarters and a one-node failover cluster at the branch office. 93157c09.indd 442 8/8/08 10:34:33 AM Review Questions 443 9. You are preparing to deploy three file servers running Windows Server 2008. All the file servers will connect to Ethernet switches. You want to maximize fault tolerance while using the existing network infrastructure. What should you do? A. Install Windows Enterprise edition on each server. Deploy the servers in a failover clus- ter. Deploy a Fibre Channel storage area network. B. Install Windows Enterprise edition on each server. Deploy the servers in a failover clus- ter. Deploy an iSCSI storage area network. C. Install Windows Standard edition on each server. Deploy the servers in a failover clus- ter. Deploy an iSCSI storage area network. D. Install Windows Standard edition on each server. Deploy the servers in an NLB cluster. Deploy a Fibre Channel storage area network. 10. You are planning to deploy two SQL Servers supporting two separate database applica- tions. You want to ensure that if a single server fails, users can still access data from each of the application. You want to ensure that data from the disk volume remains available even if a single disk fails. Last, you need to ensure your solution supports volumes larger than two TB. What should you do? A. Deploy a two-node cluster. Configure the external storage as a RAID-0 array. Format the array as a GPT disk. B. Deploy a two-node cluster. Configure the external storage as a RAID-10 array. C. Deploy a one-node cluster. Configure internal storage as a RAID-10 array. Format the array as a GPT disk. D. Deploy a two-node cluster. Configure the external storage as a RAID-5 array. Format the array as a GPT disk. 11. You are preparing to deploy three file servers running Windows Server 2008 in a failover cluster. The storage strategy for the cluster needs to isolate the cluster storage traffic from the existing network and ensure that data is available if one of the storage controllers fails. What should you do? A. Use iSCSI with VDS. B. Use iSCSI with MPIO. C. Use Fibre Channel with VDS. D. Use Fibre Channel with MPIO. 12. You are tasked with planning the deployment of a web-based application. You need to pro- vide high availability for the web-based application in the event of a single server failure. Additionally, you must minimize costs. What should you choose? A. Install Windows Server 2008 Enterprise edition on two servers, and configure a failover cluster. B. Install Windows Server 2008 Datacenter edition on two servers, and configure a failover cluster. C. Install Windows Server 2008 Web edition on two servers, and configure an NLB cluster. D. Install Windows Server 2008 Standard edition on two servers, and configure an NLB cluster. 93157c09.indd 443 8/8/08 10:34:33 AM [...]... previous versions on the server B Use Windows Server to perform backups to DVD C Use Windows Server to perform backups to an internal drive D Use Windows Server to perform backups to an external USB drive 16 You manage a Windows Server 2008 based file server You need to design a backup strategy that will allow you to restore both the operating system and data files in the event of a total server failure Of... restore? A WinRE and Windows Complete PC Restore B WinRE and Windows Server Backup C WDS and Windows Server Backup D Windows Server Backup and previous versions 17 You are asked to recommend a failover cluster storage solution for a Windows Server 2008 server on a TCP/IP network The solution should minimize costs What do you recommend? A Basic B Dynamic C FC D iSCSI 93157c09.indd 444 8/8/08 10: 34:33 AM Review... commonly used with Windows Server 2008 servers running Server Core The Server Core computer would be configured to accept remote commands with the WinRM command The WinRS command can then be used to remotely execute the commands Windows Script Host (WSH) ​ A Windows scripting language that interfaces with the  ​ graphical user interface of Windows Cscript.exe is the command-line version of WSH Windows System... situation Windows Server 2008 Standard edition costs more than Windows Server 2008 Web edition, so the Web edition would be preferable 13 B.  If you enable Windows Remote Management (WinRM) on the Server Core servers, you can remotely manage it WinRM doesn’t need to be enabled on the client computer Remote Desktop Connection 6.0 (RDC 6.0) is not needed for remotely administering a Server Core installation... perform a full server backup to an internal disk, so backing up volumes to an internal disk won’t meet the requirements 16 A.  The Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) includes the Windows Complete PC Restore option Windows Server Backup is not available in WinRE and can’t be deployed with Windows Deployment Services (WDS) Windows Server Backup can’t be accessed in the event of a total server failure... two servers in a network load balancing (NLB) cluster on Windows Server 2008 Web edition An NLB cluster will allow the web application to remain operational even if a single server fails, and it will minimize the costs since an NLB cluster can be installed on Windows Server 2008 Web edition A failover cluster would require additional hardware, so an NLB cluster would be preferable in this situation Windows. .. through a Network Address Translation (NAT) server serial attached SCSI (SAS) ​ A SCSI array directly attached to a server via a serial SCSI  ​ connection Server Core  ​ A new feature available within Windows Server 2008 with only a minimal  ​ amount of services and capabilities enabled Server Core includes only the command line and can be used for the following server roles: Active Directory Domain Services,... Web Services, and Hyper-V Server Manager ​ The primary applet used to manage Windows Server 2008 roles and  ​ features You can also use Server Manager to run diagnostics, perform configuration tasks, analyze best practices, and manage your storage ServerManagerCmd ​ The command-line equivalent of the Server Manager applet It allows  ​ you to perform many of the same tasks on a server from the command... simultaneously Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) ​ A Windows Server 2008 feature that provides  ​ name resolution for NetBIOS names The use of and need for WINS servers is significantly decreasing in networks GlobalNames Zones in DNS may be used to reduce the need for WINS servers in some networks Windows Remote Shell ​ A tool that allows you to remotely execute command-line tools  ​ and scripts Windows. .. WinRE on a partition on the domain controller D Use Windows Server to perform a full server backup to a network share for each domain controller Configure WDS to deploy WinRE when needed 15 You manage a Windows Server 2008 based file server You need to design a backup strategy that will allow you to schedule backups and allow you to perform a complete server recovery and restore data to the file level . Server if a single server fails. What should you recommend? A. Install Windows Server 2008 Standard edition on two servers, and implement network load balancing. B. Install Windows Server 2008. Windows Server 2008 Datacenter edition on two servers, and configure a failover cluster. C. Install Windows Server 2008 Web edition on two servers, and configure an NLB cluster. D. Install Windows. edition on two servers, and implement network load balancing. C. Install Windows Server 2008 Enterprise edition on two servers, and implement failover clusters. D. Install Windows Server 2008 Data