Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express Edition for Dummies phần 10 ppsx

1. Launch the Windows Control Panel and then choose Administrative Tools➪ODBC. 2. In the ODBC Data Source Administrator dialog box, click either the User DSN or System DSN tab. Selecting the System DSN tab is generally a good idea; your data source is then visible to other users on your computer. 3. From the list of drivers, pick either the SQL Native Client or the SQL Server driver. The SQL Native Client is the more current connectivity driver, so I rec- ommend that you select this option. 4. Enter the name and description of your connection, pick the server, and click Next. 5. Choose the authentication method you want, and click Next. 6. Choose your default database and click Next. 7. Fill in the final settings, and click Finish. 8. Test your new ODBC connection. The SQL Native Client offers a very useful feature to help validate that your connection was set up correctly. Just click the Test Data Source button (shown in Figure B-8) to launch this verification utility. Figure B-9 show a successful connection. With these last steps out of the way, you can now confidently start using your SQL Server 2005 Express database. Figure B-8: Summary of ODBC settings. 362 Part VIII: Appendixes 36_599275 appb.qxp 6/1/06 8:52 PM Page 362 Figure B-9: A successful connection. 363 Appendix B: Migrating to SQL Server 2005 Express 36_599275 appb.qxp 6/1/06 8:52 PM Page 363 364 Part VIII: Appendixes 36_599275 appb.qxp 6/1/06 8:52 PM Page 364 Appendix C Glossary Advanced Services: A more capable version of SQL Server 2005 Express. While this edition maintains its sibling’s free price point, it includes some advanced technologies such as full-text searching and reporting services. article: A database object (such as a table, stored procedure, or view) that is contained within a publication. See also replication. assembly: Application logic that is stored in, and managed by, the SQL Server 2005 Express database server, including objects such as triggers, CLR software, and stored procedures. See also Common Language Runtime (CLR). attribute: Information, contained in the form of name-value pairs, located after the start tag of an XML element. See also element; content. backup: The process of copying your database’s information to another form of media, such as tape or disk. A good backup strategy is vital for any produc- tion SQL Server 2005 Express environment. See also full backup; full differential backup. backup device: A hardware unit that hosts the media for your database backups. You configure your backup to work with this object. These devices are typically disk or tape drives. See also backup. Business Intelligence Development Studio: Found in the SQL Server toolkit, this environment makes it easy to create and deploy useful reports. See also reporting services. checkpoint: Like any modern relational database management system, SQL Server 2005 Express performs much of its work within high-performance memory. However, to make any data alterations permanent, eventually memory must preserve data onto disk drives. The checkpoint process is how the database server accomplishes this synchronization. column: Stored within tables, a column contains a particular piece of information. For example, if you’re tracking details about a customer, you likely place this data in a table. Within the table, you have columns to monitor things such as name, address, and so on. See also table. 37_599275 appc.qxp 6/1/06 8:52 PM Page 365 Common Language Runtime (CLR): When building a database application, many developers choose to use SQL Server’s internal language, Transact- SQL. However, other programming languages (such as Visual Basic, Visual C#, and so on) offer better performance and functionality for certain tasks, such as parsing a string or solving sophisticated mathematical computations, than Transact-SQL. CLR is a Microsoft software development and integration technology that allows you to build software and store it within SQL Server 2005 Express using one of these other languages. In most cases, however, using Transact-SQL will be the right choice. composite index: This index is made up of two or more columns. See also column. content: All information contained between the start and end tag of an XML element. See also element; attribute. database server: A sophisticated software product that hosts a broad range of data, making it available for many concurrent clients. SQL Server 2005 Express is one example of a database server. Other vendors, such as Oracle and IBM, offer their versions of this type of product. distributor: A central database server that acts as an administrator and coor- dinator for replication. See also replication. Document Type Definition (DTD): A specification that describes the structure and format of an XML document. Generally included at the top of the XML document, it helps people and applications better understand and work with the XML-based information. See also XML. element: Surrounded by a start and end tag, this XML-based information may also include attributes and content. Elements may contain other nested, child elements. See also attribute; content. file backup: A type of backup relevant only when there are multiple filegroups. See also filegroup. filegroup: Collections of SQL Server 2005 Express data files. For performance and administrative reasons, you can place user objects into their own, dedicated filegroups. See also master data file (MDF); file backup. first normal form: One of the three normal forms that make up relational database guidelines, this rule states that a table should not have any repeating fields. See also normalization; second normal form; third normal form. foreign key: Information that establishes a relationship between two or more tables. By preventing erroneous data modifications, this association helps preserve data integrity. See also primary key. 366 Part VIII: Appendixes 37_599275 appc.qxp 6/1/06 8:52 PM Page 366 full backup: As its name implies, this type of backup archives all information within a database. Should the database be lost or damaged, you can restore it to its state as of the time you created the full backup. See also full differential backup; partial backup; restore. full differential backup: Identical to a full backup, with one major difference: A full differential backup archives only information that has changed since the last full backup. This backup can be very handy if only small portions of your database change on a regular basis; by running differential backups you don’t need to incur the time and media costs of full backups. See also backup; full backup. full text catalog: The file system-based object that holds the contents of all full-text indexes. full-text search: The ability, present in SQL Server 2005 Express with Advanced Services, to quickly and efficiently search large quantities of text- based information. function: A centralized, server-based routine that can be included as part of your Transact-SQL statements. Typically used to streamline logic and reduce the amount of required programming effort, you can build your own functions. You can also take advantage of the many built-in functions offered by SQL Server Express 2005. One difference between functions and stored procedures is that the former must return a value; it’s optional with the latter. See also stored procedure. index: An internal database structure, sometimes defined by the database administrator, and sometimes automatically created by SQL Server 2005 Express. Indexes enable speedy access to information, as well as perform integrity and other validations to safeguard data. See also unique index; composite index. isolation level: A configurable setting that affects how a transaction interacts with other SQL Server Express users and processes. Increasingly stringent isolation levels are Read uncommitted Snapshot Read committed Serializable Repeatable read These isolation levels interact with your application, allowing or denying visi- bility to modified data depending on the setting. See also transactions. 367 Appendix C: Glossary 37_599275 appc.qxp 6/1/06 8:52 PM Page 367 log file: A file system–based, internal database construct that records data and table modifications, and restores information to its previous state should the application rollback a transaction. logical design: The abstract design and structure of your relational database. Focusing on the high-level objects, and their interrelationships, this design is usually generated during the analysis phase of most projects. It then serves as a guideline for creating the actual implementation of your SQL Server 2005 Express database. See also physical design. master data file (MDF): SQL Server 2005 Express databases contain two types of operating system files: MDF and log files. This class of file stores data, and is dedicated to one-and-only-one database. See also log file; filegroup. named pipes: A communication method between two processes. In the con- text of SQL Server 2005 Express, this is a means for a database client to communicate with the database server. See also protocol. namespace: A collection of element and attribute names designed to reduce confusion and ambiguity when dealing with database objects as well as XML documents. See also XML. normalization: A series of database design recommendations that dictate how information should be dispersed among tables, as well as how these tables should relate. See also first normal form; second normal form; and third normal form. optimizer: The optimizer is an internal technology that is responsible for selecting the most efficient means to accessing or altering information. It uses detailed statistics about the database to make the right decision. partial backup: An operation that archives a subset of your database, including Data from the primary filegroup Any requested read-only files All read-write filegroups See also partial differential backup; full backup; full differential backup. partial differential backup: Archives only those portions of the last partial backup that have changed since the partial backup was completed. See also partial backup; full backup; full differential backup. 368 Part VIII: Appendixes 37_599275 appc.qxp 6/1/06 8:52 PM Page 368 permission: A privilege that you grant to a principle. After it’s authorized, the principle may then interact with one or more securables. See also principal; securable. physical design: The actual tables, columns, indexes, and other data struc- tures used to store information in a SQL Server 2005 Express database. Development projects typically progress from a logical database design to a physical database design. See also logical design. primary key: This column, or group of columns, provides a unique definition for a given row. By definition, no two rows in the same table can have the same primary key value. See also foreign key. principal: Any user or process that you can authorize to interact with your SQL Server 2005 Express database. See also securable. procedural language: A general-purpose programming language containing full logic and flow control capabilities. Typically compiled to binary code, these languages can usually handle more complex algorithms at higher performance than interpreted database-centric languages such as Transact-SQL. See also Common Language Runtime (CLR). protocol: To communicate effectively, client applications and database servers need a commonly agreed-upon approach. A protocol is a communication standard adhered to by both parties that makes these conversations possible. See also TCP/IP; named pipes. publication: A single unit containing one to many articles, available for replication to other database servers. See also replication. publish-and-subscribe: An architecture that allows easy interchange of information among distributed computers and processes. Data may be pushed by a publisher, or pulled by a subscriber. See also replication. publisher: A specific database server that offers information to other databases using replication technology. See also replication. record: A grouping of information typically returned from a query or other database operation. It may consist of data from only one table, or it may be an aggregation of information dispersed among many tables. See also row. recovery model: A preset plan used by SQL Server 2005 Express when archiving and restoring information. See also backup; restore. 369 Appendix C: Glossary 37_599275 appc.qxp 6/1/06 8:52 PM Page 369 referential integrity: A set of rules enforced by the database server, the user’s application, or both that protects the quality and consistency of information stored in the database. replication: A process whereby information is published from a database server and sent to one or more subscribers. Data may be transferred proac- tively by the publisher, or may be requested by the subscribers. See also publish-and-subscribe. reporting services: The collection of technologies, found in SQL Server 2005 Express with Advanced Services, that make it easy to design, develop, and deploy reports for users regardless of their location. See also Business Intelligence Development Studio. restore: The process of reinstating archived information onto your database server. See also backup; recovery model. row: An individual entry from a given table. For example, a table may contain details about thousands of customers; a specific customer’s data is in one row. See also record. schema: A group of database objects that make up a given namespace. Objects include tables, views, and statements that grant or revoke access to other securable objects. No two objects in any namespace may have the same name. second normal form: Data is said to be in the second normal form if it complies with the first normal form, as well as having one or more columns in a table that uniquely identify each row. See also first normal form; third normal form. securable: This represents any type of object that can be given its own security setting. Some examples of securables include tables, views, and users. See also principal. SQL Server Management Studio Express: Provided by Microsoft, this graphi- cal tool lets you perform common database administration tasks as well as run direct Transact-SQL statements. stored procedure: Centralized, server-based application code. Typically used to standardize business logic and reduce the amount of required programming effort, you can build your own stored procedures, or leverage the many built-in stored procedures offered by SQL Server 2005 Express. One difference between stored procedures and functions is that the latter must return a value; it’s optional with the former. See also Common Language Runtime (CLR); functions. 370 Part VIII: Appendixes 37_599275 appc.qxp 6/1/06 8:52 PM Page 370 Structured Query Language (SQL): Originally developed by IBM, this standards-based language allows access to information stored in a relational database. See also Transact-SQL. subqueries: A nested query that returns information to an outer query, thereby helping the outer query correctly identify results. subscriber: A database server that collects replicated, published information sent by one or more publishers. See also replication. subscription: An appeal, sent to a publisher, requesting a publication to be sent via replication. See also replication. table: These contain logical groupings of information about a given topic. For example, if you’re interested in students and their grades, your application would have at least two tables: One to track details about students, and one to monitor their test scores. See also column. TCP/IP: An abbreviation for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, this standard protocol makes up the foundation of most computer-to-computer communication across the Internet as well as on local networks. third normal form: Table data that complies with both the first and second normal forms, and also directly relates to each rows primary key. See also first normal form; second normal form. transactions: To prevent data corruption or other inconsistent results, developers use transactions to logically group sets of related database access statements into one work unit. If something goes wrong during the processing of these statements, it’s easy to rollback, or cancel, the transaction so that none of the changes take place. On the other hand, if everything completes normally, the transaction ensures that all the alterations are made at the same time. Transact-SQL: Microsoft’s implementation of SQL. It includes a number of enhancements that make it easier to develop powerful database applications. These additions include conditional logic, variables, and error-handling logic. See also Structured Query Language (SQL). trigger: Stored in and managed by your database server, this software executes when a certain event occurs. These events can range from information creation or modification to structural changes to your database. After the event occurs, the trigger executes, causing a predetermined set of actions to take place. These actions can encompass data validation, alerts, warnings, and other administrative operations. Triggers can invoke other triggers and stored procedures. See also stored procedure. 371 Appendix C: Glossary 37_599275 appc.qxp 6/1/06 8:52 PM Page 371 [...]... 335 Web site for, 24, 333, 337 when to use, 15–17 SQL Server 2005 Express database See database SQL Server 2005 Network Configuration, 41 SQL Server 2005 Services, 41 SQL Server 2005 Standard, 10 SQL Server 2005, upgrading to, 345–351 SQL Server 2005 Workgroup, 10 11 SQL Server Worldwide Users Group, 335 SQL (Structured Query Language), 2, 126, 371 See also SQLCMD utility; Transact -SQL SQLClient API,... 334 Microsoft TechNet, 334 newsgroups, 334 SQL Server, 333 SQL Server Management Studio Express, 108 SQL Server 2005 editions, 11 SQL Server 2005 Express, 24, 333, 337 TOAD for SQL Server, 336 user groups, 335 Wikipedia, 334 Web sites, creating for Web application, 304–306 WHERE clause DELETE statement, 154 SELECT statement, 139 Wikipedia Web site, 334 Windows For Dummies (Rathbone), 374 Windows (Microsoft) ... 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See also SQL Server 2005 Express definition of, 366 load on, 216, 218 redundant hardware, 206 replication of, 16, 83–90, 370 SQL Server, 1, 10 11, 333 standby server, 206 database. serves as a guideline for creating the actual implementation of your SQL Server 2005 Express database. See also physical design. master data file (MDF): SQL Server 2005 Express databases contain

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