ĐỀ THI DỰ KIẾN ĐẠI HỌC NĂM 2011 MÔN: ANH VĂN - ĐỀ 7 Part II Vocabulary (20m, 15%) Section A (10%) Directions: （略） 1. As he was not fully recovered, the doctor ___________ that he stay a few more days in the hospital. A) assured B) resumed C) recommended D) recalled 2. Among these regular smokers, the death of about 25% of them was _________ to smoking- related diseases. A) contributed B) attributed C) associated D) conformed 3. You must think and act ___________ of others; do not rely on their opinions or judgments. A) critical B) characteristic C) independent D) typical 4. ____________ is always given to listening and spoken English, while reading and writing are neglected. A) Priority B) Property C) Deadline D) Performance 5. We can easily feel __________ in such a highly competitive world. A) intense B) tense C) intensive D) dense 6. Her work is ____________ to the project; without her we cannot continue. A) inherent B) related C) indispensable D) attached 7. Streams containing waste materials are sometimes ___________ into rivers, causing pollution and bringing health problems to millions of people. A) discharged B) dismissed C) dispatched D) dispersed 8. Under no circumstances should parents __________ their children the right to education. A) deprive B) derive C) deny D) exploit 9. You are advised to put something in the letter which would _________ you from the rest of the applicants. A) distinguish B) reveal C) extinguish D) conceal 10. The minister will release the latest information about the affected area at a press ___________. A) congress B) symposium C) conference D) convention 11. By buying ten books every month, he soon ___________ a good library. A) accelerated B) accustomed C) assembled D) accumulated 12. It is amazing to see this apparent timid fellow display ___________ courage in face of danger. A) inevitable B) incredible C) definite D) innumerable 13. He is always ready to _________ help to others, so he is the most respectable person in the neighborhood. A) relay B) convey C) render D) delay 14. Because of a chronic illness, he was __________ to the house for two years. A) restricted B) limited C) confined D) restrained 15. He is an ingenious teacher as he is able to __________ his students to ask meaningful questions. A) compel B) oblige C) illustrate D) motivate 16. In such a highly competitive world, most students do not see a bright __________ for their future careers. A) prospect B) anticipation C) expectation D) implication 17. The fans were rather disappointed by the ___________ of the movie star. A) presence B) absence C) elegance D) eloquence 18. The secretary was asked to go over the report again to ___________ potential errors. A) eliminate B) estimate C) evacuate D) evaluate 19. You will find that ___________, your roommate will turn out to be your best friend. A) all in all C) in the long run B) for the most part D) at the end 20. Strenuous (积极的) efforts have been made to ___________ government expenses to a desired level. A) cut off B) cut back C) cut down D) cut short Section B (5%) Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the words in the brackets on the left of each sentence. Write the word on the Answer Sheet. 21. (finance) All the employees must work hard to cope with the present _________ difficulties in order to triumph over it in a short period of time. 22. (excess) Many doctors believe that lung cancer may to some extent be due to ________ smoking. 23. (employ) Learning that they didn’t have insurance（保险）, some _________ went to ask their bosses. 24. (enroll) ___________ figures for next year are now available. Log on to（登录）the Internet and you will get further information. 25. (human) He has showed great interest in studying the ___________ since his youth. Part III Reading Comprehension (45m, 50%) Section A Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15m, 10%) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet. For questions 26-32, mark A (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; B (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; C (for NOT GIVEN) if the statement is not given in the passage. For questions 33-35, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Greening the Design and Construction of Healthcare Facilities What we do to our environment, we do to ourselves, the saying goes. Nowhere is this principle played out more dramatically than in our hospitals, where doctors and nurses work in the front lines against environmental illnesses, treating patients for cancers caused by exposure to toxic materials, asthma triggered by breathing dirty air, and heat stroke brought on by heat waves made more severe by climate change. Sadly, the connection between hospitals and illnesses does not end with treatment. Even as healthcare professionals go to heroic lengths healing the sick among us, the very buildings in which they work stop and erase their efforts. Burning fossil fuels to power healthcare facilities contributes to climate change, allowing disease to invade new habitats. Relying on ozone-depleting refrigerants to cool them increases the potential for skin cancer. Using mercury-based instruments to measure body temperature and blood pressure contributes to air and water pollution, increasing rates of brain damage from mercury poisoning. Furnishing interiors with materials manufactured using carcinogens (致癌物) perpetuates the spread of cancer; such materials are common even in radiation and chemotherapy treatment rooms. There is clearly room for improvement in the performance of our healthcare facilities. By considering the environmental and health implications of design and construction decisions, we can bring the performance of healthcare facilities more closely in line with the industry’s mission to restore and safeguard health. If we trust out doctors to “first, do not harm” as the healthcare creed counsels, it seems only fair to expect the same of our hospitals. The History and Future of Greeting the Healthcare Industry The connection between the healthcare industry and the environment was illuminated in 1994, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identified medical waste burning as the largest source of dioxin, considered to be the most potent human carcinogen ever manufactured. The irony of this situation inspired the formation of Health Care Without Harm (HCWH), a nonprofit organization that now boasts more than 375 member groups in 40 countries. Another milestone in the push to green the healthcare industry was the 1998 memorandum of understanding between AHA (the American Hospital Association) and EPA, which laid out three goals for the healthcare industry: to eliminate mercury-containing waste, to reduce the overall volume of waste, and to identify hazardous substances for pollution-prevention opportunities. This agreement launched the nonprofit Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E), a joint project of AHA and EPA, along with HCWH and the American Nurses Association. Within the last five years, interest in greening healthcare has moved beyond operations to encompass the design and construction of healthcare facilities themselves. To guide a new sustainable design category in its annual awards program, the American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE) published the Green Healthcare Construction Guidance Statement in January 2002. It is considered the first document to incorporate health considerations into design guidance. Noting that preventing disease is preferable to treating disease, it advises that “a precautionary and preventive approach is an appropriate basis for decisions regarding material selection, design features, mechanical systems, infrastructure, and operations and maintenance practices”. Prompted by an impending healthcare construction boom in response to California’s new seismic (有关地震的) regulations, Gail Vittori, co-director of the Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems in Austin, Texas, met with a group of green building and health experts in 2003 to develop a more prescriptive set of design guidelines. This work was initially sponsored by the Merck Family Fund, with the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) and H2E subsequently joining as sponsors. The collaboration resulted in the Green Guide for Healthcare, which was released in pilot form in late 2004. And more than 30 healthcare facilities are registered through Green Building Council’s LEED Rating System, and two have achieved certification: Boulder Community Foothills Hospital inBoulder, Colorado, became the first LEED- certified hospital when it earned a Silver rating in 2003, and the Patrick H. Dollard Discovery Health Centre earned Certification in 2004. Meanwhile, the next version of the AIA Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Healthcare Facilities is also under development and due out in 2006. Parts or all of the AIA guidelines have replaced individual state codes in 42 U.S. states, according to Guenther, who is participating in the revision. While the current version includes only one paragraph about green design—focused on energy conversation—the next version will include an entire chapter on therapeutic environments and sustainability issues. While the new text will not prescribe any minimum thresholds for green design, its attention to these issues indicates the growing recognition of the connection between design decisions and health. The Best Chance for Greening Hospital Building America’s last hospital building boom occurred just after World War Ⅱ, according to Guenther, and much of that building stock is in need of renovation. A range of other forces is further stressing our healthcare facilities. “Rapid technological advances, advances in information systems, changes in medical practices, evolving regulatory mandates, decreases in financial resources, shortages in healthcare professionals, aging baby boomers, worn-out facilities, and an increasingly competitive market have all impacted activities and demand on the physical infrastructure,” says Dina Battisto, assistant professor of architecture and health at Clemson University in Clemson, South Carolina. As a result of these factors, a new construction boom is upon us. The U.S. is currently spending $17 billion on healthcare construction each year, according to Rosalyn Cama, FASID,president of the interior design firm Cama, Inc. By 2010, that number is expected to reach $25 billion, she says, so this is the time to rethink that we design and build our healthcare facilities in a green way. “If we miss this golden opportunity, we’re going to have a lot of facilities built the wrong way,” says Cama. What Makes Healthcare Unique? Healthcare facilities stand apart from other building types. First, they’re big. At 168,200 ft² (15,626 m²), the average inpatient (住院病人) healthcare facility is more than 11 times the size of the average commercial building, according to the Energy Information Administration’s 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Healthcare facilities are also highly regulated and expensive to build. They often operate around-the-clock, and they experience long ownership. They use tremendous amounts of energy and need backup power for emergencies, they require a lot of water, and they create huge amounts of waste, some of it hazardous or infectious. They are stressful environments, and many of their occupants have depressed immune systems. Perhaps most important, they function explicitly to restore and protect health. Because of these characteristics, some green building strategies carry greater challenges, importance, or payback in healthcare facilities than they do in other buildings. 注意：此部分的26-32题答案划在答题卡1上，33-35题直接在答题卡2上作答。 26. The writer talks about the necessity and the history of greening healthcare facilities. 27. People began to deal with the connection between the healthcare industry and the environment in 1994. 28. The best and safest way to deal with medical waste is to burn them. 29. One of the goals of the healthcare industry is to estimate the overall volume of waste. 30. Boulder Community Foothills Hospital was the first LEED-certified hospital. 31. AIA’s aim is to help green the hospitals all over America. 32. America’s last hospital building boom was simply the result of rapid technological advances. Section B Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best answer and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: Open or distance learning has had a major impact on higher education through the Open University, the only university to provide exclusively for adult learners studying at a distance. Our 100,000 students are currently studying at the Open University. We found limited development of distance learning in the case studies, with the exception of some postgraduate and professional courses. Even here, however, there seemed to be limits on further expansion because of the high costs involved in setting up new distance learning courses, as well as uncertainties of demand (particularly in terms of the perceived financial returns on study). One of the case study universities provided video facilities and visiting staff to a rural area for a group of undergraduate students about 50 miles away. This was a new development which was working well and likely to be expanded to involve other universities. The main reason for general lack of development of distance learning, especially at undergraduate level, may be the dominance of the Open University. Other universities have been unable to afford the considerable set-up costs and student support facilities. As costs of technology come down this might change. The Open Learning Foundation is developing greater joint effort between universities to set open learning approaches within existing programs of study and thus encourage their greater use. This is seen as likely to develop further in the future. 36. The Open University is particularly convenient for _____________. A) students who do not like attending conventional universities. B) students who failed the College Entrance Examination. C) students who prefer to study at home. D) students who live in some distant areas. 37. The further expansion of distance learning at postgraduate and professional levels is limited by _______. A) high costs involved in setting up new distance learning courses B) a limited registering of student members C) uncertainties of demand D) lack of balance between the expensive input and uncertain financial returns 38. According to the case study, there is a limited development of distance learning at the _________ level. A) undergraduate B) graduate C) postgraduate D) professional 39. General lack of development of distance learning may be related to all of the following except _______. A) the high costs of technology B) the dominance of the Open University C) inability to afford student support facilities D) limits imposed by existing programs of study 40. The tone of this passage can best be described as _________. A) discouraging B) encouraging C) persuasive D) scientific Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a step back from the closeness of human interaction. With e-mail and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone. If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine. As almost every imaginable contact between human beings becomes automatic by machine, the alienation quotient goes up. You can't even call a person to get the phone number of another person anywhere. Directory assistance is almost always fully automatic by machine. Pumping gas at the station? Why say good-morning to the worker when you can swipe (刷卡) your credit card at the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact? Placing money at the bank? Why talk to a clerk who might live in the neighborhood when you can just put your credit card into the ATM? Pretty soon you won't have the hard task of making eye contact at the grocery store. Some grocery chains are using a self-scanner so you can check yourself out, avoiding those annoying clerks who look at you and ask how you are doing. 41. The writer's attitude towards advances in communications technology may be described as ________. A) critical B) unconcerned C) positive D) uninterested 42. If his mom has a question, he _________. A) will find ways to reach her B) will locate her e-mail address C) will try to get her a voice machine D) will leave her the answer through voice mail 43. Judging from the context, the word "alienation" in line 2, paragraph 2 means ________. A) relationship B) closeness C) strangeness D) stress 44. With the rapid development of high technology, people don't need to __________. A) see or talk to one another C) make eye contact with clerks B) say good morning to workers D) completely rely on manpower 45. It can be inferred that the writer __________. A) is pleased with the modern pace of life B) feels more separated from others C) doesn't want anyone to bother him D) sings the praises of communications technology Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage: The word conservation has a thrifty (节俭) meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others. Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody has yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it had for us today. For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyone’s daily life. To know about the water table (水位) in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds (上游源头森林地带集水区) need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of man’s fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measures of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can. 46. The author’s attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is ___________. A) positive B) neutral C) suspicious D) critical 47. According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that _____________. A) they had no idea about scientific forestry B) they had little or no sense of environmental protection C) they were not aware of the significance of nature study D) they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials 48. It can be inferred from the passage that earlier generations didn’t realize ____________. A) the interdependence of water, soil, and living things B) the importance of the proper land use C) the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods D) the extraordinary rapid growth of population 49. With a view to correcting the mistakes of our forefathers, the author suggests that ___________. A) we plant more trees B) we be taught environmental science, as well as the science of plants C) environmental education be directed toward everyone D) we return to nature 50. What does the author imply by saying “living space…is figured…also in cubic volume above the earth” (Lines 11-12, Para. 3)? A) Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller. B) Our living space should be measured in cubic volume. C) We need to take some measures to protect space. D) We must create better living conditions for both birds and animals. Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: Is your job doing harm to your health? If you are like a lot of American workers today, you experience a significant amount of stress in work. Stress doesn't just make you unhappy at work. It can affect your health. Doctors say people under stress have higher blood pressure, even when they are away from work. And they are at a higher risk for death from any cause than those who are more relaxed. How do you know if your job could be a risk to your health? Some danger signs include difficulty getting to sleep or difficulty waking up in the morning, forgetfulness, aches and pains for no apparent reason, a desire to eat less or tendency to eat poorly, loss of interest in activities, etc. Everyone has bad days in which they feel many of these symptoms, but if you have noticed several of them, and you have experienced them for months, you may need to do something. If you notice these signs in yourself or your loved one, check with your doctor to eliminate other possibilities. If the cause does appear to be stress, experts say you should try to make time for yourself away from work. Try relaxing in a warm bubble bath, listening to music and shutting out the world for a while. 51. According to the passage, ____________. A) many American workers are under stress these days B) almost all people know how to get rid of stress C) most people go to doctors for help whenever they feel themselves under stress D) it is sure that our work is doing harm to our health 52. How does stress at work affect your life? A) It makes you unhappy at work. B) It affects your health. C) It makes you worry about everything all the time. D) Both A and B. 53. Which of the following is not mentioned as a sign showing that your job is doing harm to your health? A) Aches or pains for reasons unknown. C) Failing memory. B) Lack of interest in activities. D) Eating too much. 54. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A) Stressed-out people are more likely to die of any cause than those who are more relaxed. B) Stressed-out people have higher blood pressure only when they are at work. C) There are several ways in which stressed-out people can relax themselves. D) There are many signs of stress, including difficulty falling asleep. 55. What can you do if you've noticed some of the signs of stress mentioned in the passage? A) See a doctor and try to relax more. C) Assume fewer responsibilities. B) Change to another job. D) Let it be. Part IV Translation (5m, 5 %) 注意：该部分的试题在答题卡2上，请在答题卡2上直接作答。 重要启示： . ĐỀ THI DỰ KIẾN ĐẠI HỌC NĂM 2011 MÔN: ANH VĂN - ĐỀ 7 Part II Vocabulary (20m, 15%) Section A (10%) Directions: （略） 1 allowing disease to invade new habitats. Relying on ozone-depleting refrigerants to cool them increases the potential for skin cancer. Using mercury-based instruments to measure body temperature and. most potent human carcinogen ever manufactured. The irony of this situation inspired the formation of Health Care Without Harm (HCWH), a nonprofit organization that now boasts more than 375 member