Adobe Illustrator CS5 bible PHẦN 6 doc

Part II: Putting Illustrator to Work 326 FIGURE 9.24 The Paragraph panel Aligning type You can align paragraphs in different ways. Each way is represented by an icon in the Paragraph panel that shows a graphical representation of what multiple lines of type look like when that particular alignment is applied. Each alignment type has a specific function: l Align left. Moves all your text so that it lines up with the left side of your page. The most common and the default setting, experienced typesetters often refer to this option as “ragged right” due to the uneven right side of the text. You can also apply this type of alignment by pressing Ctrl+Shift+L (Ô+Shift+L). l Align center. All lines of type in the paragraph are centered relative to each other, to the point clicked, or to the location of the I-bar in type on a path. You can also apply this type of alignment by pressing Ctrl+Shift+C (Ô+Shift+C). l Align right. Use this option to create a smooth, even right side and an uneven left side (no, “ragged left” isn’t really a correct term). You can also apply this type of alignment by pressing Ctrl+Shift+R (Ô+Shift+R). l Justify with last line aligned left. You apply this to make both the left and right sides appear smooth and even, except for the last line, which is aligned left. l Justify with last line aligned center. Use this option to make both the left and right sides appear smooth and even, except for the last line, which is aligned in the center. l Justify with last line aligned right. With this option, both the left and right sides appear smooth and even, except for the last line, which is aligned right. l Justify all lines. Sometimes called Force Justify, this option is the same as Justify, except that the last line of every paragraph is justified along with the other lines of the paragraph. This can create some really awful looking paragraphs, and it’s done mainly for artistic emphasis, not as a proper way to justify type. The Justify all lines option is particularly useful for stretching a single line of type across a certain width. You can also apply this type of alignment by pressing Ctrl+Shift+F (Ô+Shift+F). Note Justification works only on area type. Illustrator doesn’t allow you to choose Justify or Justify all lines for type on a path or individual type. 14_584750-ch09.indd 32614_584750-ch09.indd 326 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM Chapter 9: Working with Type 327 Indenting paragraphs Paragraphs can be indented within the Paragraph panel by choosing different amounts of indentation for the left edge, the right edge, and first line of each paragraph. The maximum indentation for all three text fields is 1296 points and the minimum is -1296 points. Using indents is a great way to offset type, such as quotes, that needs to have smaller margins than the rest of the type surrounding the offset type. Changing the indentation values is also useful for creating hanging indents, such as numbered or bulleted text. To create hanging indents easily, make the Left indent as large as the width of a bullet or a number and a space and then make the First-line value the negative value of that. If the Left indent is 2 picas, the first line is -2 picas. This creates great hanging indents every time. Spacing before or after paragraphs Illustrator lets you place additional space between paragraphs by typing a number in the Space before paragraph text field or the Space after paragraph text field. You add this measurement to the leading to determine the distance from baseline to baseline before the selected paragraphs. You can also type a negative number to decrease space between paragraphs, if necessary. You can make the values for Space before paragraph between -1296 and 1296 points. Spacing through justification Illustrator allows you to control the spacing of letters, words, auto leading, and glyphs in text by changing the values you find in the Justification dialog box. You access this dialog box by choosing the Justification option in the Paragraph panel’s popup menu, as shown in Figure 9.25. You can control these options in the Justification dialog box: l Word Spacing. Word spacing is the space between the words that you create by pressing the spacebar. Set the Minimum, Desired, and Maximum values. The word space can range from 0% to 1000%; 100% is the default, where no additional space is added. The minimum is the least amount of word spacing in percentage that you want to accept. Type the exact percentage for the Desired setting. The maximum is the most amount of spacing you accept. l Letter Spacing. Letter spacing is the space between letters of words. The Letter spacing can be set from -100% to 500%. A value of 0% means that no space is added. Set the Minimum, Desired, and Maximum values. l Glyph Scaling. A glyph refers to any font character. Glyph scaling lets you change the width of the character as a percentage of the original. Set the Minimum, Desired, and Maximum scaling percentages. The range of glyph scaling is from 50% to 200%; 100% is the default, where no scaling occurs. l Auto Leading. Set the auto leading as a percentage, which ranges from 0% to 500%, with 120% being the default. l Single Word Justification. When there’s a single word for the last line justification, choose one of these options from the popup menu: Full Justify, Align Left, Align Center, and Align Right. 14_584750-ch09.indd 32714_584750-ch09.indd 327 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM Part II: Putting Illustrator to Work 328 FIGURE 9.25 The Justification dialog box allows you to control how Illustrator applies paragraph justification. Spacing affects the space between letters and words regardless of the alignment, although Justified text has even more spacing control than Flush Left, Flush Right, or Centered text. When you choose Flush Left, Flush Right, or Centered alignment, the only text fields in the dialog box that you can change are the Desired text fields for Letter Spacing and Word Spacing. The Minimum and Maximum boxes in the Word Spacing, Letter Spacing, and Glyph Scaling areas are mainly used to control where the extra space goes and where it’s removed from when stretching out and compressing the lines of text. Hyphenating text Hyphenation? In a drawing program? Unbelievable, but yes, and it’s a neat addition to Illustrator’s text-handling capabilities. Hyphenation works in the background, silently hyphenating when necessary. To use Illustrator’s hyphenation, you must click the Hyphenate check box in the lower left of the Paragraph panel. Hyphenation in Illustrator works from a set of hyphenation rules that you define in the Hyphenation dialog box, as shown in Figure 9.26. View the Hyphenation dialog box by choosing Hyphenation from the Paragraph panel’s popup menu. Here, you can specify how many letters must fall before the hyphen can appear and how many letters must fall after the hyphen. You can also limit the number of consecutive hyphens that appear at the end of a line of text to avoid the ladder look of multiple hyphens, where they all line up in a vertical column above each other. 14_584750-ch09.indd 32814_584750-ch09.indd 328 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM Chapter 9: Working with Type 329 FIGURE 9.26 The Hyphenation dialog box allows you to fine-tune the way Illustrator hyphenates text. Using Every-line and Single-line Composer In Illustrator, you can choose from two composition methods: Adobe Every-line Composer or Adobe Single-line Composer. These composer options are found in the Paragraph panel’s popup menu. What this means is that in a paragraph, the composer checks and chooses the best breaks, hyphenation, and justification for the specific paragraph. Every-line Composer checks all the lines in the paragraph and makes its evaluation based on the paragraph as a whole. Single-line Composer looks at each line of type rather than the whole paragraph to determine the best breaks, hyphenation, and justification. Controlling punctuation Roman Hanging Punctuation handles the alignment of punctuation marks for a specified paragraph. With the Roman Hanging Punctuation option turned on, apostrophes, quotes, commas, periods, and hyphens are 100% outside the margin or type area. Characters — such as asterisks, tildes, ellipses, en dashes, em dashes, colons, and semicolons — are 50% out of the margin. If you click the Roman Hanging Punctuation option in the Paragraph panel’s popup menu, punctuation at the left edge of a flush left, justified, or justified last line paragraph appears outside the margin or type area. Punctuation on the right edge of a flush right, justified, or justified last line paragraph also appears outside the margin or type area. Strangely enough, Illustrator is one of the few programs that support this very hip feature, which allows tiny pieces of punctuation to exist outside solid blocks of type. Another choice for punctuation is Optical Margin Alignment. Optical Margin Alignment handles the punctuation marks alignment for all paragraphs inside a type area. With this option turned on, all punctuation hangs outside the margin or type area so the type is aligned. You can find this feature under the Type menu. 14_584750-ch09.indd 32914_584750-ch09.indd 329 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM Part II: Putting Illustrator to Work 330 Note Additional options in the Paragraph panel’s popup menu are Burasagari, Kinsoku Shori Type, Bunri-Kinshi, and Kurikaeshi Moji Shori. To see these options, you first must turn on Asian Options in the Type preferences. To do this, choose Edit ➪ Preferences ➪ Type (Illustrator ➪ Preferences ➪ Type) and then click the Show Asian Options check box. Use these options for aligning double-byte punctuation marks, which aren’t affected by choosing Roman Hanging Punctuation. Working with the OpenType panel Choose Window ➪ Type ➪ OpenType or press Alt+Ctrl+Shift+T (Option+Ô+Shift+T) to access the OpenType panel. Use this panel to apply specific options to alternate characters with OpenType fonts. Figure 9.27 shows the OpenType panel. The OpenType panel provides options that OpenType fonts may have, such as automatic fractions, small caps, and other goodies. Note Different OpenType fonts vary greatly in the features they offer. If you attempt to choose one of the options in the OpenType panel that isn’t offered in the font you have selected, Illustrator changes the mouse pointer to a slashed circle to indicate that you can’t select that option. FIGURE 9.27 The OpenType panel Standard ligatures Contextual ligatures Discretionary ligatures Swash Stylistic alternates Tilting alternates Ordinals Fractions Working with the Tabs panel You use the Tabs panel to set tabs the same way you would in your word-processing or page- layout program. To display the Tabs panel, as shown in Figure 9.28, choose Window ➪ Type ➪ Tabs or press Ctrl+Shift+T (Ô+Shift+T). The Tabs panel appears above the type you have selected and automatically assumes the width of the type area. 14_584750-ch09.indd 33014_584750-ch09.indd 330 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM Chapter 9: Working with Type 331 FIGURE 9.28 The Tabs panel allows you to set tabs in your text blocks. To change the width of the Tabs panel, click and drag on the resize triangle in the lower-right corner of the panel. The Tabs panel can be made wider but not taller. To reset the Tabs panel to the exact size of the type area, drag the resize box back. Tip The Position Panel Above Text button moves the Tabs panel to make it flush left with the type and moves it up or down so that it’s right above the selected text area. Illustrator automatically sets tabs at every half-inch. These are called Auto tab stops. After you set a tab, all the Auto tab stops to the left of the tab you have set disappear. The Auto tab stops work like left-justified tabs. If you click the Snap to Unit check box in the Tabs panel’s popup menu, tab stops correspond to the ruler tick marks. The measurement system shown on the ruler is the same system that the rest of the documents use. You can change the measurement system in the Units & Display Performance section of the Preferences dialog box. You can access this by choosing Edit ➪ Preferences ➪ Units & Display Performance (Illustrator ➪ Preferences ➪ Units & Display Performance). To set a tab, choose a tab from the four Tab style buttons on the upper left of the Tabs panel and then click the ruler below to set exactly where you want the new tab. After the tab has been set, you can move it by dragging it along the ruler or remove it by dragging it off the top or bottom edge of the ruler. You can set four types of tabs: l Left-justified. This option makes type align to the right side of the tab, with the leftmost character aligning with the tab stop. l Center-justified. This option makes type align to the center of the tab, with half the characters aligning on either side of the tab stop. l Right-justified. This option makes type align to the left side of the tab, with the rightmost character aligning with the tab stop. l Decimal-justified. This option makes type align to the left side of the tab, with a decimal or the rightmost character aligning with the tab stop. 14_584750-ch09.indd 33114_584750-ch09.indd 331 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM Part II: Putting Illustrator to Work 332 To change a tab from one style to another, choose a tab stop and then click the Tab style button you want to use for the tab stop. To deselect all tabs, click in the area to the right of the Tab position box. (If you don’t click far enough away from the Tab position box, you end up changing the units.) It’s a good idea to deselect tabs after setting them so that when you define a new Tab style for the next tab stop, it doesn’t change the tab stop that you just set. Using Advanced Type Functions Illustrator has built in some more advanced type functions that go beyond the basic user. In these functions, you find Threading Text, Wrapping Text, Fitting Headlines, Find Font, Check Spelling, and Change Case. You find each of these functions under the Edit and Type menus. Threading text The Threading Text option links text from one area to another, continuing a story from one area to another, as shown in Figure 9.29. Linked blocks act like groups, enabling you to use the Selection tool and then click just one area to select all areas. (You can still select individual blocks with the Direct Selection tool.) Whenever you have more text than can fit into a text area, a tiny red plus sign in a box appears, alerting you that there’s more text in the box than you can see. FIGURE 9.29 Text blocks are threaded together in the order of the arrows. 14_584750-ch09.indd 33214_584750-ch09.indd 332 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM Chapter 9: Working with Type 333 To use threaded text, select a text area or rectangle and any other shapes, even text rectangles and areas, and then choose Type ➪ Threaded Text ➪ Create. The text areas then act as if they’re grouped. Text flows from the backmost shape to the frontmost in any group of linked blocks, so be careful to order your boxes correctly when setting up linked text. In fact, if you send a box to the back, Illustrator starts the thread from that location, then goes to the next box forward, and then the next, and so on. You can’t choose Type ➪ Threaded Text ➪ Create unless at least one text area and one other path or text area is selected. You can do this before you start typing/placing your text or afterward. Unthreading text You can unthread text in various ways. To release the object from the text thread, choose Type ➪ Threaded Text ➪ Release Selection. This removes the text from the objects. To remove the thread but leave the type in the objects, choose Type ➪ Threaded Text ➪ Remove Threading. You can also break the threads by double-clicking on an out port (the text doesn’t get split or deleted but instead is still waiting to be threaded to somewhere it can be displayed). The out port is the little box with the outward-pointing arrow at the edge of the object that the type is flowing from. When you double-click the out port again, the text flows forward into the next object. Fitting a headline The Type menu’s Fit Headline option is designed to automatically increase the width of type in order to fit type perfectly from the left side of a type area to the right side of that same type area, as shown in Figure 9.30. In this case, the Fit Headline option was used on the headline over the right-side text, while the left side uses normal text. Another option is to use Justify all lines in the Paragraph panel, but it doesn’t do as good of a job as Fit Headline. Finding and replacing text Under the Edit menu are more choices for text editing. Illustrator lets you find certain text and then replace it with other text by choosing Edit ➪ Find and Replace to open the Find And Replace dialog box, as shown in Figure 9.31. Use this to replace specific letters, words, or characters. In the Find And Replace dialog box, you have the following options: l Match Case. Selects the characters only if they have the same uppercase and lowercase attributes as the characters you type in the Find text field l Find Whole Word. Tells Illustrator that the characters you type in the Find text field are an entire word and not part of a word l Search Backwards. Tells Illustrator to look before the current insertion point for the next instance of the characters, instead of using the default, which is to look after the current insertion point l Check Hidden Layers. Instructs Illustrator to look in the text in hidden layers l Check Locked Layers. Instructs Illustrator to look in the text in locked layers 14_584750-ch09.indd 33314_584750-ch09.indd 333 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM Part II: Putting Illustrator to Work 334 FIGURE 9.30 The Fit Headline option makes headlines fit across the entire text block, as shown on the right. FIGURE 9.31 Use the Find And Replace dialog box to edit your text. 14_584750-ch09.indd 33414_584750-ch09.indd 334 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM Chapter 9: Working with Type 335 The following steps describe how to use these options to find and replace text: 1. Choose Edit ➪ Find and Replace. The Find And Replace dialog box opens. 2. Type the word(s), phrase(s), or character(s) that you want to find in the Find text field. 3. In the Replace With text field, type the word(s) or character(s) that you want to use to replace the text. 4. Click the appropriate check boxes described in the previous section. 5. Click Find to find the first occurrence of the word(s) or character(s). 6. Click Replace to replace the selected text. Click Replace & Find to first replace the text and then locate the next occurrence. If you want to change all occurrences, click Replace All. Note You don’t need to select areas of type with the Selection or Type tools in order to search for text — all that’s necessary is that the document that you want to search is the open and active document. Finding fonts The Find Font option looks for certain fonts in a document and replaces them with fonts you specify. This can be especially handy if you’ve pasted in text from other applications and you want to make certain that your Illustrator document has a uniform appearance throughout. To locate the fonts in your document, choose Type ➪ Find Font to display the Find Font dialog box, as shown in Figure 9.32. To change all occurrences of a certain font to another font, choose the font you want to change in the top list, titled Fonts in Document. Choose a font in the box in the lower section of the dialog box and then click Change All. To change one particular instance, click Change. To find the next occurrence of that font, click Find Next. Click the Skip button to skip over the currently selected text and find the next occurrence of that font. Keep in mind that choosing System from the Replace With Font From list can take a while for Illustrator to build and display the font list, especially if you have a ton of fonts on your system. Clicking Save List allows you to save your font list as a text file. You can deselect any of the options at the bottom of the Find Font dialog box to avoid searching within those types of type areas. Checking spelling Spell check checks all text in a document to see whether it’s spelled (and capitalized) correctly. To use this feature, choose Edit ➪ Check Spelling to display the Check Spelling dialog box, as shown in Figure 9.33. You can also press Ctrl (Ô)+I to check spelling. 14_584750-ch09.indd 33514_584750-ch09.indd 335 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM [...]... text from your Illustrator documents for use in other applications To export text, select the text you want to export and then choose File ➪ Export to display the Export dialog box, as shown in Figure 9. 36 In the Export dialog box, choose Text Format from the Save as type dropdown list (popup menu) and then type a file name for the exported file Click Export to save the file FIGURE 9. 36 The Adobe Export... occurrences of that word throughout the entire document with the correctly spelled word 3 36 Chapter 9: Working with Type FIGURE 9.33 Use the Check Spelling dialog box to make certain your documents don’t contain embarrassing spelling errors Clicking Ignore ignores that occurrence of the misspelled word Clicking Ignore All skips all occurrences of that word in the document Click Done to close the Check Spelling... Word-processing software, page-layout software, or any other software that can read text files can open and use text that you save in Illustrator 341 Part II: Putting Illustrator to Work To place text in Illustrator, choose File ➪ Place and then choose a text file for placement Illustrator allows you to drag a type area rectangle to place the text or you can just click to place the text as point type Creating... to be saved with the illustration and allows the illustration to print as a placed image from within another program or to print from Illustrator as a placed EPS The same goes for PDF files Summary Text can be an important part of Illustrator documents Understanding how Illustrator handles text-related issues is vital to getting the best results In this chapter, you learned about the following important... existing patterns or create new ones from Illustrator objects The real strength of Illustrator s pattern features is that you can create patterns as well as apply them on-screen in almost any way imaginable A pattern in Illustrator is a series of objects within a rectangle that’s commonly referred to as a pattern tile When you choose a pattern in the Swatches panel, Illustrator repeats the selected pattern... more on the move, rotate, scale, reflect, and skew functions, see Chapter 11 360 Chapter 10: Using Creative Strokes and Fills with Patterns FIGURE 10.11 The pattern repeats to fill the object FIGURE 10.12 The Decorative_Classic pattern library is one of several sample libraries you can use in your Illustrator documents 361 ... l If the person you’re sending Illustrator files to doesn’t have your typeface, select the type in that font and then choose Type ➪ Create Outlines or press Ctrl+Shift+O (Ô+Shift+O) 345 Part II: Putting Illustrator to Work l If you’re saving your illustration as an EPS file to be placed into another program and you’re not going to open the file, you can choose Include Document Fonts in the EPS Save... after the fact, making changes to text already in the Illustrator document There are no settings, for example, to convert quotes to curved quotes as you type them (once they’re curved quotes, they stay that way) The types of punctuation to be changed are determined by a set of check boxes in the Smart Punctuation dialog box Clicking this check box causes Illustrator to look for these certain instances and,... pop-up menu 5 Change the stroke weight of the new stroke to 18-point Black 6 Again, choose Add New Stroke from the Appearance panel’s pop-up menu 7 Change the stroke weight of the new stroke to 6- point White In the final product, shown in Figure 10.4, the 30-point stroke is 12 points more than the 18 points of the black stroke — or 6 points on each side The 42-point stroke is 12 points more than the white... dash patterns FIGURE 10 .6 Fill both paths with a metallic gradient FIGURE 10.7 Use the Pathfinder panel to create the rails 357 Part II: Putting Illustrator to Work FIGURE 10.8 Add the stroke for the ties FIGURE 10.9 The final railroad track looks pretty realistic Creating a highway Figure 10.10 shows a stroke design that I discovered a few years back while I was playing with Illustrator It has the . area type. Illustrator doesn’t allow you to choose Justify or Justify all lines for type on a path or individual type. 14_584750-ch09.indd 3 261 4_584750-ch09.indd 3 26 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52. 33514_584750-ch09.indd 335 6/ 3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM Part II: Putting Illustrator to Work 3 36 FIGURE 9.32 The Find Font dialog box helps you change the fonts that are in your document. Note Check. occurrences of that word throughout the entire document with the correctly spelled word. 14_584750-ch09.indd 3 361 4_584750-ch09.indd 3 36 6/3/10 7:52 PM6/3/10 7:52 PM Chapter 9: Working with Type