C O 2 c arbon dioxide CO 2 CRC Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies COE cost of electricity CS carbon sequestration CSLF Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum CSM/IFP Colorado School of Mines/Instituit Français du Petrole CT cooling tower CTG coal to gas CTL coal to liquid DCL direct coal to liquids DCS distributed control systems DDGS distillers dried grains with solubles DKRW Doyle Kelly Ramm & White Energy, LLC DOE Department of Energy DRB demonstrated reserve base EIA Energy Information Administration EOR enhanced oil recovery EPA Environmental Protection Agency EP Act2005 Energy Policy Act of 2005 EPIC Econo-Power International Corporation ESA Economics and Statistics Administration ESP electrostatic precipitators FEED front end engineering and design FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FF fabric filter FGD flue gas desulfurization FT Fischer-Tropsch GCCC Gulf Coast Carbon Center GCCI Global Climate Change Initiative GDP Gross Domestic Product GE General Electric GHG greenhouse gas GOM Gulf of Mexico A PPENDICES 100 101 G RE Great River Energy Gt gigaton GVW Gross Vehicle Weight GW gigawatt GW E gigawatt of electricity H 2 hydrogen H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid HCl hydrogen chloride HCN hydrogen cyanide HF hydrogen fluoride HFCS high fructose corn syrup HHV high heating value HRI Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. HTF Highway Trust Fund HTI Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc. ICL indirect coal to liquids ICM intracytoplasmic membranes ITP Industrial Technologies Program IEA International Energy Authority IGCC integrated gasification combined cycle IOF Industries of the Future IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ITM ion transport membrane kWh kilowatt-hour LFC liquids from coal LHV lower heating value LNG liquefied natural gas LPG liquefied petroleum gas M85 85% methanol, 15% gasoline Mcf thousand cubic feet MEA monoethanolamine MEPI Midwest Ethanol Producers MITRE company name, not an acronym M Mbbl/d million barrels per day MMBtu million British thermal units mt million tons MTBE methyl tertiary-butyl ether MW megawatt MW/HR megawatt per hour NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NACC North American Coal Corporation NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NATCARB National Carbon Sequestration Database and Geographical Information System NCC National Coal Council NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory NG natural gas NGL natural gas liquids NGCC natural gas combined cycle NH 3 ammonia NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NMA National Mining Association NO X nitrogen oxide NPC National Petroleum Council NSPS New Source Performance Standards NSR New Source Review O&M operations and maintenance OCDC Ohio Cooperative Development Center OIL Oil India Ltd. OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory OSM Office of Surface Mining PAC powdered activated carbon PC pulverized coal PCC pulverized coal combustion PC/CFB pulverized coal/circulating fluidized bed PC/SC pulverized coal-fired supercritical steam cycles A PPENDICES 102 P EM polymer electrolyte membrane PM particulate matter PRB Powder River Basin psi pounds per square inch R&D research and development RD&D research, development and demonstration RFS renewable fuels standard SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users SCPC supercritical pulverized coal SCR selective catalytic reduction SDA spray dryer absorption SECA Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance SMCRA Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 SMR steam methane reforming SNCR selective non-catalytic reduction SO 2 sulfur dioxide st/d standard tons per day SU/SD start up/shut down Tcf trillion cubic feet tpy tons per year USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers USC Ultra Supercritical USCPCC Ultra Supercritical Pulverized Coal Combustion USGS United States Geological Survey VEETC Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit VOC volatile organic compounds WFGD wet flue gas desulfurization (wet scrubbing) WMPI Waste Management & Processors, Inc. 103 The National Coal Council The National Coal Council March 2006 VOLUME I COAL: AMERICA’S ENERGY FUTURE COAL: AMERICA’S ENERGY FUTURE The National Coal Council 1730 M Street, NW Suite 907 Washington, DC 20036 www.NationalCoalCouncil.org 2006VOLUME I . Technologies COE cost of electricity CS carbon sequestration CSLF Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum CSM/IFP Colorado School of Mines/Instituit Français du Petrole CT cooling tower CTG coal to gas CTL. to liquid DCL direct coal to liquids DCS distributed control systems DDGS distillers dried grains with solubles DKRW Doyle Kelly Ramm & White Energy, LLC DOE Department of Energy DRB demonstrated. Energy DRB demonstrated reserve base EIA Energy Information Administration EOR enhanced oil recovery EPA Environmental Protection Agency EP Act2005 Energy Policy Act of 2005 EPIC Econo-Power International