Concrete Formwork Svstems - Part 0 ppsx

Concrete Formwork Svstems - - I Awad S. Hanna University of Wisconsin-Ma dis on Madison, Wisconsin MARCEL DEKKER. INC DEKKER NEW YORK - BASEL Copyright 1999 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hanna, Awad S. Concrete formwork systems / by Awad S. Hanna. p. cm.—(Civil and environmental engineering series: vol. 2) Includes index. ISBN 0-8247-0072-4 (alk. paper) 1. Concrete construction—Formwork. I. Title. II. Series. TA382.44.H36 1998 624.1′834—dc21 98-37262 CIP This book is printed on acid-free paper. Headquarters Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 tel: 212-696-9000; fax: 212-685-4540 Eastern Hemisphere Distribution Marcel Dekker AG Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland tel: 44-61-261-8482; fax: 44-61-261-8896 World Wide Web http://www.dekker.com The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the headquar- ters address above. Copyright  1999 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without per- mission in writing from the publisher. Current printing (last digit): 10987654321 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Copyright 1999 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Civil and Environmental Engineering A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks Editor Michael D. Meyer Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia 1. Preliminary Design of Bridges for Architects and Engineers Michele Melaragno 2. Concrete Formwork Systems Awad S. Hanna 3. Multilayered Aquifer Systems: Fundamentals and Applications Alexander H D. Cheng 4. Matrix Analysis of Structural Dynamics: Applications and Earthquake Engineering Franklin Y. Cheng 5. Hazardous Gases Underground: Applications to Tunnel Engineering Barry R. Doyle 6. Cold-Formed Steel Structures to the AISI Specification Gregory J. Hancock, Thomas M. Murray, Duane S. Ellifritt 7. Fundamentals of Infrastructure Engineering: Civil Engineering Systems: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded Patrick H. McDonald 8. Handbook of Pollution Control and Waste Minimization edited by Abbas Ghassemi 9. Introduction to Approximate Solution Techniques, Numerical Modeling, and Finite Element Methods Victor N. Kaliakin 10. Geotechnical Engineering: Principles and Practices of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering V. N. S. Murthy Additional Volumes in Production Chemical Grouting and Soil Stabilization: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded Reuben H. Karol Estimating Building Costs Calin M. Popescu, Kan Phaobunjong, Nuntapong Ovararin Preface Formwork development has paralleled the growth of concrete construc- tion throughout the 20th century. In the last several decades formwork technology has become increasingly important in reducing overall costs, since the structural frame constitutes a large portion of the cost of a form- work system. This book has three objectives. The first is to provide technical descriptions and evaluations of ten formwork systems that are currently used in concrete construction. The second is to serve as a tool to assist contractors in selecting the optimal formwork system. The third is to present the design criteria for conventional formwork for slabs and walls using the stress and the stress modification factors provided by the Na- tional Design Specifications (NDS) and the American Plywood Associa- tion (APA). Following a comprehensive introductory chapter, five types of form- work systems for concrete slabs are presented in chapters 2–5. These are conventional wood forms, conventional metal forms, flying forms, the column-mounted shoring system, and tunnel forms. The last four chap- iv Preface ters describe five types of formwork systems for concrete columns and walls: conventional wood forms, ganged forms, jump forms, slip forms, and self-raising forms. Particular consideration is given to topics such as system components, typical work cycles, productivity, and the advan- tages and disadvantages associated with the use of various systems. The selection of a formwork system is a critical decision with very serious implications. Due consideration must be given to such factors as the system’s productivity, safety, durability, and many other variables that may be specific to the site or job at hand. Chapters 5 and 9 provide a comparative analysis of forming systems for horizontal and vertical con- crete work to facilitate the selection of the optimal forming system. Existing formwork design literature is inconsistent with the design criteria for wood provided by the NDS and the APA. Chapters 3 and 7 provide a systematic approach for formwork design using the criteria of the American Concrete Institute committee 347-94, the NDS, and the APA. For international readers, metric conversion is provided in the Ap- pendix. This book is directed mainly toward construction management, construction engineering and management students, and concrete con- tractors. It may also serve as a useful text for a graduate course on con- crete formwork, and should be useful for practicing engineers, architects, and researchers. Awad S. Hanna Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Concrete Formwork: An Introduction 1.1 Concrete Construction 1.2 Concrete Formwork 1.3 Formwork Economy and Significance 1.4 An Integrated Concrete/Formwork Life Cycle 1.5 Formwork Materials 2 Horizontal Formwork Systems: Hand-Set Systems 2.1 Horizontal Formwork Systems Classification 2.2 Conventional Wood Formwork System 2.3 Conventional Metal Systems 2.4 Special Horizontal Formwork System 3 Slab Form Design 3.1 Properties of Form Materials vi Contents 3.2 Properties of Area 3.3 Properties of Sawn Lumber 3.4 Properties of Plywood 3.5 Slab Form Design 3.6 Design Steps 4 Horizontal Formwork Systems: Crane-Set Systems 4.1 Flying Formwork System 4.2 Column-Mounted Shoring Systems 4.3 Tunnel Formwork System 5 Selection Criteria for Horizontal Formwork System 5.1 Factors Affecting Horizontal Formwork Selection 5.2 Choosing the Proper Formwork System Using Tables 6 Vertical Formwork Systems: Crane-Dependent Systems 6.1 An Introduction to Vertical Formwork Systems 6.2 Conventional Wall/Columns Forming Systems 6.3 Ganged Forming Systems 6.4 Jump Forms 7 Wall Form Design 7.1 Wall Form Components 7.2 Design Loads 7.3 Method of Analysis 7.4 Stresses Calculations 7.5 Determination of Maximum Allowable Span 7.6 Design of Lateral Bracing 8 Vertical Formwork Systems: Crane-Independent Systems 8.1 Slipforms 8.2 Self-Raising Formwork System Contents vii 9 Selection Criteria for Vertical Formwork System 9.1 Factors Affecting the Selection of Vertical Formwork System 9.2 Choosing the Proper Formwork System Using the Comparison Tables References Appendix Acknowledgments I gratefully acknowledge a number of individuals who were instrumental in some way in the completion of this book. I begin with my friends and colleagues at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The support and en- couragement of professors John Bollinger, Al Wortley, Jeff Russell, Dick Straub, and Gary Bubenzer will always be remembered. I would like also to thank my students for inspiring me to further explore the field of con- crete formwork. Thanks also go to my student Alan Lau, who assisted in preparing the graphics. Special thanks go to the many contractors who provided me with data and graphics. I would like to specifically thank the editorial team of Marcel Dekker, Inc. for their strong support. I would like to convey my warmest thanks to my loving wife Paula and our son Rewais. It is impossible to describe how supportive Paula has been throughout the writing of this book. As I spent hundreds of long hours at my computer preparing this manuscript, her never-ending love and support inspired me to keep pushing on. Most importantly, she [...]... love and devoted support over the years; in particular, my late parents, Soliman and Sofia Hanna, who taught me how to work hard and encouraged me to pursue my dreams I would also like to thank my sisters, Evette, Mervat, Moura, Sonia, and Janette, and my brother, Maged, for supporting my endeavor I also want to mention my special mother-inlaw and father-in-law, Botros and Bernice Hemaya, who believe . York, NY 100 16 tel: 21 2-6 9 6-9 00 0; fax: 21 2-6 8 5-4 5 40 Eastern Hemisphere Distribution Marcel Dekker AG Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH- 400 1 Basel, Switzerland tel: 4 4-6 1-2 6 1-8 482; fax: 4 4-6 1-2 6 1-8 896 World. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hanna, Awad S. Concrete formwork systems / by Awad S. Hanna. p. cm.—(Civil and environmental engineering series: vol. 2) Includes index. ISBN 0- 8 24 7 -0 07 2-4 (alk Hanna Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Concrete Formwork: An Introduction 1.1 Concrete Construction 1.2 Concrete Formwork 1.3 Formwork Economy and Significance 1.4 An Integrated Concrete/ Formwork Life Cycle 1.5 Formwork Materials 2