CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview CDMA 120 Forward Link Operation Section 8-35 cdma university Fundamental Channel (F-FCH) Full Rate 1/2 Rate 1/4 Rate Variable rate (Full, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8) Supplemental Channel (F-SCH1) Scheduled rate Dedicated Control Channel (F-DCCH) On/off Forward Link Operation The figure above shows the operation of the F-FCH, F-SCH1, and F-DCCH channels The scheduled rate of the F-SCH1 varies as a function of time, as does the rate of the F-FCH In the example above, the F-DCCH channel is used to schedule the data rate of the F-SCH1 and is operated in Discontinuous Transmit (DTX) mode © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-35 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview Reverse Link Characteristics cdma university z CDMA 120 Section 8-36 Channels are primarily code multiplexed – Separate channels used for different Quality of Service (QoS) and Physical Layer characteristics z Code multiplexed channels are orthogonalized by Walsh functions and I/Q split so that performance is equivalent to BPSK z Hybrid Combination of QPSK and Pi/2 BPSK – By restricting alternate phase changes of the complex scrambling sequence, power peaking is reduced (1 dB improvement) and side lobes are narrowed Notes © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-36 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview Reverse Link Characteristics (continued) cdma university z CDMA 120 Section 8-37 Code multiplexed channels – Walsh sequences separate Physical Channels z Forward Error Correction – Convolutional codes (K=9) are used for voice and data – Turbo codes (K=4) are used for high data rates on Supplemental z Fast Reverse Power Control – 800 Hz update rate z Frame lengths – ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, and 80 ms frames Notes © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-37 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview CDMA 120 Reverse Link Channels cdma university Section 8-38 REVERSE CDMA CHANNEL for Spreading Rates and (SR1 and SR3) Reverse Traffic Channel (RC or 2) Enhanced Access Channel Operation Reverse Common Control Channel Operation Reverse Traffic Channel Operation (RC to 6) Reverse Fundamental Channel Reverse Pilot Channel Reverse Pilot Channel Reverse Pilot Channel to Reverse Supplemental Code Channels Enhanced Access Channel Reverse Common Control Channel Access Channel or Reverse Dedicated Control Channel or Reverse Fundamental Channel Backward-Compatible Channels to Reverse Supplemental Channels Reverse Power Control Subchannel Reverse Link Channels The CDMA2000 Reverse Link Channels are: z Access Channel (R-ACH) z Reverse Pilot Channel (R-PICH) z Enhanced Access Channel (R-EACH) z Reverse Common Control Channel (R-CCCH) z Reversed Dedicated Control Channel (R-DCCH) z Reverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH) z Reverse Supplemental Channel (R-SCH) z Reverse Supplemental Code Channel (R-SCCH) The Access Channel and Reverse Supplemental Channel are retained for backward compatibility with TIA/EIA-95A/B For Radio Configurations and 2, the channel structure for the Reverse Fundamental Channel and Reverse Supplemental Channel is the same as the channel structure of Rate Set and Rate Set used in TIA/EIA-95A/B © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-38 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview cdma university Reverse Common and Dedicated Channels CDMA 120 Section 8-39 REVERSE CDMA CHANNEL for Spreading Rates and (SR1 and SR3) Reverse Traffic Channel (RC or 2) Enhanced Access Channel Operation Reverse Common Control Channel Operation Reverse Traffic Channel Operation (RC to 6) Reverse Fundamental Channel Reverse Pilot Channel Reverse Pilot Channel Reverse Pilot Channel to Reverse Supplemental Code Channels Access Channel Enhanced Access Channel Reverse Common Control Channel or Reverse Dedicated Control Channel or Reverse Fundamental Channel Common Channels Dedicated Channels to Reverse Supplemental Channels Reverse Power Control Subchannel Reverse Common and Dedicated Channels Reverse Link Common Channels are used by multiple mobiles primarily for a brief exchange of information between a mobile and a Base Station The Reverse Link Common Channels are: z Access Channel (R-ACH) z Enhanced Access Channel (R-EACH) z Reverse Common Control Channel (R-CCCH) Reverse Link Dedicated Channels are assigned to a single mobile for the duration of a call The Reverse Link Dedicated Channels include: z Reverse Dedicated Control Channel (R-DCCH) z Reverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH) z Reverse Supplemental Channel (R-SCH) z Reverse Supplemental Code Channel (R-SCCH) The Reverse Pilot Channel is used with both Common and Dedicated Channels © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-39 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview cdma university Illustration of Reverse Link Operation CDMA 120 Section 8-40 Reverse Link Operations The Reverse link Pilot is always active and different channels may be transmitted as long as the mobile transmitter has sufficient power The channel power is a function of the data rate, FEC, and frame length © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-40 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview IS-95A Traffic Channel CDMA 120 Data Multiplexing cdma university TIA/EIA-95B Traffic Channel Code Channels Section 8-41 CDMA2000 SCCH SCH SCCH SCCH FCH Fundamental Channel (FCH) + up to Supplemental Code Channels (SCCH) FCH or DCCH SCH SCH Fundamental Channel (FCH) or Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) + up to Supplemental Channels (SCH) 144AC_00-rev2.emf Data Multiplexing CDMA2000 can multiplex data from multiple sources (e.g., signaling, voice, and data) onto one or more Physical Channels Data can be multiplexed in one or two Supplemental Channels Mode A is the TIA/EIA-95 A/B compatible mode It includes Rate Set and It uses a Fundamental Channel (FCH) that carries signaling and primary and/or secondary traffic In addition, up to Supplemental Code Channels (SCCH) can be used to support the TIA/EIA-95 Medium Data Rate (MDR) services Mode B is new for CDMA2000 It uses a Fundamental Channel (FCH) and/or a Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) to carry signaling and primary and/or secondary traffic In addition, up to Supplemental Channels (SCH), each of which operates at rates up to 1036.8 kbps, are used to carry data Note: The term “Supplemental Channel” is used in both TIA/EIA-95 and CDMA2000 to describe two completely different channels To alleviate confusion, CDMA2000 channels that are backward-compatible with the TIA/EIA-95 “Supplemental Channel” are referred to as “Supplemental Code Channels.” Thus the CDMA2000 “Supplemental Code Channel” is the same channel as the TIA/EIA-95 “Supplemental Channel.” © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-41 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview CDMA 120 Access Channel Procedures cdma university Section 8-42 F-BCCH F-PCH MS MS F-CCCH F-CACH BTS R-ACH BTS R-EACH R-CCCH TIA/EIA-95 A/B Compatible Access Procedures CDMA2000 Enhanced Access Procedures 081AC_00.emf TIA/EIA-95 A/B Compatible Access Channel Procedures If the mobile monitors the Paging Channel (F-PCH), then its access attempts are made on the Access Channel (R-ACH) These procedures are identical to TIA/EIA-95 A/B access procedures CDMA2000 Enhanced Access Channel Procedures If the mobile monitors the Forward Common Control Channel (F-CCCH) and Broadcast Control Channel (F-BCCH), then its access attempts are made on the Enhanced Access Channel (R-EACH) using the CDMA2000 enhanced access procedure © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-42 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview What is 1xEV-DO? cdma university z CDMA 120 Section 8-43 1xEV–DO is a spectrally efficient solution optimized for high-speed wireless Internet access – 1x = single 1.25 MHz spaced carrier – EV = EVolution – DO = Data Optimized (no voice traffic) – 1xEV-DO systems have their own dedicated RF Channel (frequency assignment) – Internet working with CDMA2000 1x system is supported by means of hard handoff z 1xEV-DO is standardized as IS-856 What is 1xEV-DO? 1xEV-DO (also known as IS-856) systems are optimized for packet data and not voice This permits peak data rates of 2.4 Mbps on the Forward link and 153 kbps (per user) on the Reverse link IS-856 represents a wireless alternative to cable modems and DSL IS-856 terminals operate on their own dedicated carriers, separate from cdmaOne or CDMA2000 carriers IS-856/CDMA20001x dual-mode operation is accomplished by the dual-mode terminal periodically monitoring traffic on the CDMA2000 frequency © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-43 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview 1xEV-DO Is Data Optimized cdma university z 1xEV-DO is designed to optimize packet data services z CDMA 120 Section 8-44 Data and Voice have distinctly different requirements – Latency – Bit error rate – Throughput – Forward/Reverse data rates z Using a single technology to carry both voice and data is a compromise z Voice and data are carried more efficiently if separate networks are used Data Optimized 1xEV-DO is designed to be optimized for packet data services and avoids the compromises involved in supporting both data and voice services Data and voice have fundamentally different requirements Voice tends to be: z Characterized by low, fixed, and constant delays z More sensitive to delay (latencies above 100 msec are intolerable) z More tolerant of bit errors z Symmetric in the Forward and Reverse directions Data tends to be: z More tolerant of delays and delay variation z Less tolerant of bit errors z “Bursty” z Asymmetric in the Forward and Reverse directions © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-44 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview 1xEV-DO Data Rates cdma university z 1xEV-DO Forward link rates are from 38.4 kbps to 2.4 Mbps z 1xEV-DO Reverse link rates are from 9.6 kbps to 153.7 kbps z The actual throughput available to any one user depends on the total number of users being served and the level of interference (C/I) present z CDMA 120 Section 8-45 Forward/Reverse data rates are asymmetric reflecting the difference in traffic levels in each direction Data Rates The 1xEV-DO maximum Forward link data rate is much higher than that for the Reverse link This is consistent with the typical data applications (e.g., Web page downloads) © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-45 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview Co-located 1xEV-DO and CDMA2000 1x/IS-95 Carriers cdma university 1x/IS-95 1.25 MHz CDMA 120 Section 8-46 1xEV-DO 1.25 MHz f 001BO_00.emf Co-located Carriers 1xEV-DO has been designed to have the same 1.25 MHz bandwidth, coverage area, and spectral characteristics as CDMA2000 1x and IS-95 (1x/IS-95) This permits 1xEV-DO to be deployed on a dedicated frequency assignment alongside 1x/IS-95 © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-46 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview CDMA 120 1xEV-DO and IS-2000 Family Overlay cdma university Section 8-47 1xEV-DO and IS-2000 1x IS-2000 1x 174AA_01.emf Family Overlay 1xEV-DO is designed to operate at a separate CDMA carrier frequency (i.e., frequency assignment) from an existing IS-95 or CDMA2000 1x system When overlaid with an IS-95 or CDMA2000 1x system, 1xEV-DO can deployed incrementally to follow demand on its own dedicated frequency assignment 1xEV-DO has the same chip rate, link budget, power requirement, channel bandwidth, and coverage as IS-95 or CDMA2000 1x This means that no changes are required to existing network plans and that the same cell sites, towers, and antennas can be used © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-47 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview Comparison of Forward Links 1x vs 1xEV-DO cdma university Sector Transmit Power Sector Transmit Power Traffic/Control Pilot MAC Sync Channel Paging Channel MAC Traffic/Control Total Traffic MAC Pilot MAC PTX (max) Unused Margin Traffic/Control PTX (max) CDMA 120 Section 8-48 Pilot Channel IS-95 Forward Link Structure Time 1xEV-DO Forward Link Structure Time Comparison of Forward Links The Forward link structure for 1xEV-DO is very different from that of IS-95 or CDMA2000 1x The Forward link in 1xEV-DO is Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) as opposed to Code Division Multiplexed (CDM), as in IS-95 or CDMA2000 1x For 1xEV-DO, each user is assigned a period of time during which only its data is transmitted at full power, on the Forward link This eliminates unused transmit power margin Time slots are likewise dedicated to sending the Pilot and control information (which includes the Paging and Sync Channel functions) This is in contrast to IS-95 or CDMA2000 1x where the Pilot, Sync, and Paging are sent continuously © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-48 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview CDMA 120 Forward Link Slot Structure cdma university Section 8-49 slot 1.66 ms 1/2 Slot 1,024 Chips Data 400 Chips MAC 64 Chips Pilot 96 Chips 1/2 Slot 1,024 Chips MAC 64 Chips Data 400 Chips Data 400 Chips MAC 64 Chips Pilot 96 Chips MAC 64 Chips MAC 64 Chips Pilot 96 Chips Data 400 Chips MAC 64 Chips Active Slot MAC 64 Chips Pilot 96 Chips MAC 64 Chips Idle Slot Note: The 64-chip MAC carries the Reverse Power Control (RPC) Channel and Reverse Activity Channel 178AA_01.emf Forward Link Slot Structure The figure above shows time division multiplexing on the Forward link of the various channels (i.e., Preamble, Pilot, MAC, and Data) for a one-slot case for the 614.4 kbps data rate In 1xEV-DO a slot is 1.66 ms in length When there is no traffic on the Forward Traffic Channel, an idle slot is sent An idle slot consists merely of the Pilot and MAC Channels Transmission of idle slots decreases interference to other cells on the Forward link © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-49 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview cdma university CDMA 120 Section Review Section 8-50 SECTION REVIEW • 3rd Generation Standard • CDMA2000 • 1xEV-DO 105AC_00 Section Review z Name the 3rd Generation air interfaces approved by the ITU-R z List some of the major improvements of CDMA2000 versus TIA/EIA-95 z List the characteristics that define a Radio Configuration z Describe the difference between Logical and Physical Channels z Name the two types of transmit diversity used in CDMA2000 z Name the CDMA2000 channels that are backward-compatible to IS-95 z Name some major differences among 1xEV-DO, CDMA2000, and IS-95 © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-50 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview Comments/Notes © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-51 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview Comments/Notes © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-52 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 9: Course Summary CDMA 120 Course Summary cdma university Section 9-1 cdma TM and CDMA2000 MMT98010118B-rev.emf Section 1: Course Introduction This section provided an overview of the entire course with overall learning objectives Section 2: Background This section identified and discussed multiple access techniques The CDMA approach was reviewed through a discussion of its architecture, general modulation scheme, and some of its practical applications Necessary analog/RF and digital concepts were briefly reviewed Section 3: Codes in CDMA This section described the codes used in generating the cdmaOne signals Pseudorandom Noise codes and orthogonal (Walsh) codes were defined and discussed Section 4: Physical Layer This section described the processes involved in the generation of the cdmaOne waveforms and some of the rationale for the design of those waveforms Section 5: Attributes and Techniques of CDMA This section provided a detailed discussion of the attributes and techniques of CDMA systems in general Power control, Reverse link capacity calculations, handoff techniques, rake receivers and variable rate vocoders were covered in this section © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 9-1 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 9: Course Summary CDMA 120 Course Summary cdma university Section 9-2 cdma TM and CDMA2000 MMT98010118B-rev.emf Section 6: cdmaOne Call Processing and Registration This section described the call processing and registration processes supported by cdmaOne systems Section 7: cdmaOne Handoffs This section described the handoffs supported in a cdmaOne system and the signaling involved in the control of handoffs The discussion covered several kinds of handoffs, including “idle,” “access,” “soft,” “softer,” and “hard.” In addition, the pilot searching process was briefly discussed Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview This section provided an overview of CDMA2000 based on the concepts covered in the discussion of cdmaOne The overview included a discussion of new common and dedicated channels, transmit diversity, radio configurations, quasi-orthogonal functions, handoffs, and power control as well as a brief discussion of 1xEV-DO high-speed wireless packet data technology Section 9: Course Summary © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 9-2 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 9: Course Summary Comments/Notes © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 9-3 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 9: Course Summary Comments/Notes © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 9-4 ... CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2 000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2 000 Overview Co-located 1xEV-DO and CDMA2 000 1x/IS-95 Carriers cdma university 1x/IS-95 1.25 MHz CDMA 120. .. cdmaOne and CDMA2 000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2 000 Overview Comments/Notes © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 8-51 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2 000 Concepts and Terminology. .. 8-46 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2 000 Concepts and Terminology 80-13321-1 X11 Section 8: CDMA2 000 Overview CDMA 120 1xEV-DO and IS-2000 Family Overlay cdma university Section 8-47 1xEV-DO and IS-2000