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706 Chapter 19 Managing Replication Lesson 2: Setting Up Replication The most straightforward method to configure replication is via SSMS. But you can also use Transact-SQL statements or SQL Server RMOs to configure replication. The general steps for configuring replication are as follows: 1. Set up a Distributor for the Publisher to use. 2. Create a publication to replicate that includes the articles you want to copy. 3. Configure the Subscriber and a subscription. In this lesson, you see how to use SSMS to perform these steps to configure a replica- tion topology. You also see how to generate the equivalent Transact-SQL configura- tion scripts. After this lesson, you will be able to: ■ Create the distribution database. ■ Enable a database for replication. ■ Create a publication. ■ Subscribe to a publication. Estimated lesson time: 40 minutes How to Set Up the Distributor The first step in setting up replication is configuring the Distributor. You can assign each Publisher to only one Distributor instance, but multiple Publishers can share a Distributor. As noted earlier, you can configure the Distributor server to act as the dis- tributor of its own data (local Distributor), which is the default, or as a distributor of data for remote servers (remote Distributor). BEST PRACTICES Remote Distributor You might decide to use a remote Distributor if you want to offload the Distributor processing from the Publisher computer to another computer or if you want to configure a centralized Distributor for multiple Publishers. Note that the server you choose as the Distributor should have adequate disk space and processor power to support replication and the other activities that need to run on that server. C1962271X.fm Page 706 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM Lesson 2: Setting Up Replication 707 Here is how to configure the Distributor as a local Distributor: 1. Open SSMS. 2. Connect to the database engine instance you want to configure as Publisher and Distributor. 3. Right-click the Replication folder and choose Configure Distribution. 4. On the Configure Distribution Wizard page, click Next. 5. On the Distributor page, select server_name Will Act As Its Own Distributor and click Next. 6. On the Snapshot Folder page, type the path to a local folder or the Universal Naming Convention (UNC) name for a shared folder in which you want to store the files that will hold the publication’s schema and data. Click Next. NOTE Snapshot folder choices Consider three important factors as you make your Snapshot folder choice. First, if your sub- scription topology uses pull subscriptions, use a UNC network path. Second, plan how much space the snapshot files will occupy. And finally, secure the folder and grant permission to only the Snapshot Agent (write) and to the Merge or Distribution Agent (read). Lesson 3 in this chapter provides more details about how to secure replication. 7. On the Distribution Database page, type the name of the database and the path of its data and log files, as Figure 19-7 shows. By default, SQL Server names this database distribution and places it in the \Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\ MSSQL.x\MSSQL\Data folder, where x is the number assigned to the instance on which you are configuring replication. Click Next. BEST PRACTICES Configuring the distribution database Transactional replication demands more from the distribution database than any other repli- cation type. If you plan to use transactional replication in large and volatile databases, con- sider placing the log and data files of the distribution database in different disk channels, using RAID 1 or RAID 10 for the data files and RAID 1 for the log files. 8. On the Publishers page, add other publishers you want to authorize as Publish- ers to this Distributor, and click Next. By default, SSMS also configures the Dis- tributor as a Publisher. 9. On the Wizard Actions page, you can use the available check boxes to indicate whether you want SSMS to execute the commands now, script them, or both. By default, the Configure Distribution check box is selected. Click Next. C1962271X.fm Page 707 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM 708 Chapter 19 Managing Replication Figure 19-7 Configuring the distribution database 10. If you chose to script the commands, you now see the Script File Properties page. You use this page to configure the name, path, and format of the script. By default, SQL Server creates this script file in your My Documents folder. You can also specify whether you want SQL Server to overwrite an existing script file with the same name or to append this script to it. Click Next. BEST PRACTICES Scripting the configuration Scripting the Distributor configuration is a good idea for documentation purposes; plus, you can use the script in a recovery plan. Additionally, you can use scripts to create more com- plex database file configurations. 11. On the Complete The Wizard page, review the summary of choices you made and then click Finish. 12. Wait for the Configure Distribution Wizard to complete the configuration. After it finishes, click Close. The following code block shows the Distributor configuration script: Distributor Configuration Script /*** Scripting replication configuration for server COMPUTERNAME. ***/ /*** Please Note: For security reasons, all password parameters were scripted with either NULL or an empty string. ***/ /*** Installing the server COMPUTERNAME as a Distributor. ***/ C1962271X.fm Page 708 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM Lesson 2: Setting Up Replication 709 use master exec sp_adddistributor @distributor = N'COMPUTERNAME', @password = N'' GO exec sp_adddistributiondb @database = N'distribution' , @data_folder = N'C:\MSSQL\Data' , @data_file_size = 4 , @log_folder = N'C:\MSSQL\Data' , @log_file_size = 2 , @min_distretention = 0, @max_distretention = 72 , @history_retention = 48, @security_mode = 1 GO use [distribution] if (not exists (select * from sysobjects where name = 'UIProperties' and type = 'U ')) create table UIProperties(id int) if (exists (select * from ::fn_listextendedproperty('SnapshotFolder' , 'user', 'dbo', 'table', 'UIProperties', null, null))) EXEC sp_updateextendedproperty N'SnapshotFolder' , N'C:\MSSQL\ReplData', 'user', dbo, 'table' , 'UIProperties' else EXEC sp_addextendedproperty N'SnapshotFolder' , 'C:\MSSQL\ReplData' , 'user', dbo, 'table', 'UIProperties' GO exec sp_adddistpublisher @publisher = N'COMPUTERNAME' , @distribution_db = N'distribution' , @security_mode = 1, @working_directory = N'C:\MSSQL\ReplData' , @trusted = N'false', @thirdparty_flag = 0 , @publisher_type = N'MSSQLSERVER' GO Be aware that the @distributor, @data_folder, @log_folder, SnapshotFolder, @working_ directory, and @publisher parameters you see in this script are all specific to your envi- ronment. The Distributor configuration script that the wizard generates uses three main stored procedures. The first procedure, sp_adddistributor, defines the Distribu- tor when the server acts as Publisher. To configure the server as its own Distributor, set the @distributor parameter to its own server name; to use a remote server, use the remote server name. The second stored procedure, sp_adddistributiondb, creates the distribution database with the specified parameters. If you want to use a distribution database with multiple data files or filegroups, first create the database by using a CREATE DATABASE state- ment and set the name in the @database parameter. In addition, sp_adddistributiondb uses retention parameters to control how many hours SQL Server stores transactions in the database before it erases them (this affects only transactional replication). If the Distribution Agent fails to copy the transactions within the maximum specified C1962271X.fm Page 709 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM 710 Chapter 19 Managing Replication period, SQL Server marks the subscription as inactive, and the Snapshot Agent reini- tializes the database. Increasing this value increases the space required to hold the transactions, but it can help you avoid making full copies of the publication again, thus losing the advantage of using transactional replication. The third procedure in the script is sp_adddistpublisher. This procedure, executed at the Distributor, configures a Publisher to use the distribution database. The script also uses the sp_addextendedproperty or the sp_updateextendedproperty stored procedure to store the Snapshot folder path as an extended property. NOTE Disabling publishing If you want to disable the publishing on a server, right-click the Publication folder and choose Disable Publishing And Distribution. Quick Check ■ Which type of replication is more demanding of the distribution database? Quick Check Answer ■ Transactional replication is more demanding on the Distributor and the distribution database, which stores the data captured from the transaction log for use by transactional replication processes. How to Create a Publication After you have configured the Publisher to use a specific Distributor, the next step in setting up replication is to create the publication you want to publish. Here are the steps for creating a publication: 1. Open SSMS. 2. Connect to the database engine instance in which you want to create the publi- cation. 3. Expand the Replication, Local Publications folder. 4. Right-click the Local Publications folder and choose New Publication. 5. On the New Publication Wizard page, click Next. 6. On the Publication Database page, select the database in which you want to cre- ate the publication. Click Next. C1962271X.fm Page 710 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM Lesson 2: Setting Up Replication 711 7. On the Publication Type page, (shown in Figure 19-8), select the type of publi- cation you want to use (Snapshot Publication, Transactional Publication, Trans- actional Publication With Updatable Subscriptions, or Merge Publication). Click Next. Figure 19-8 Configuring publication type 8. On the Articles page, select the check boxes for the database objects you want to publish. Keep in mind that if you choose objects such as a stored procedure, view, indexed view, or user-defined function (UDF), you must also publish the objects on which those objects depend. For example, if you choose a stored pro- cedure that references two tables, you must include those two tables in the pub- lication. Click Next. 9. On the Filter Table Rows page, you can create a row filter to filter the table you publish. To configure a row filter, click Add. Use the Add Filter dialog box to define the filter, click OK, and click Next. NOTE Setting up filters The Publication Wizard offers two pages that let you set up filters. If you want to filter col- umns, use the Articles page. If you want to filter by rows, use the Filter Table Rows page. C1962271X.fm Page 711 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM 712 Chapter 19 Managing Replication 10. On the Snapshot Agent page, select the Create A Snapshot Immediately And Keep The Snapshot Available To Initialize Subscriptions check box to create a snapshot now. Select the Schedule The Snapshot Agent To Run At The Following Times check box. By default, the New Publication Wizard configures the Snap- shot Agent to run on an hourly basis. If you want to change this schedule, click Change to define a new schedule. Click OK to save your new schedule and then click Next to continue. BEST PRACTICES Executing the Snapshot Agent Creating a snapshot can be a demanding process. You should configure the Snapshot Agent to run only at off-peak times. 11. On the Agent Security page, click Security Settings to open the Snapshot Agent Security dialog box. Use the options in this dialog box to assign the account by which you want to run the Snapshot Agent process and connect to the Publisher. Click OK to close the Snapshot Agent Security dialog box and then click Next. MORE INFO Security You can configure the Snapshot Agent to run under the SQL Server Agent service account. However, this setup is not recommended because it does not follow the principle of least privilege. For details about how to provide a secure environment for replication, see Lesson 3 of this chapter. 12. On the Wizard Actions page, you can use the available check boxes to indicate whether you want SSMS to execute the commands now, script them, or both. By default, the Create The Publication check box is selected. Click Next. 13. If you chose to script the commands, you now see the Script File Properties page. You use this page to configure the name, path, and format of the script. By default, SQL Server creates this script file in your My Documents folder. Click Next. 14. On the Complete The Wizard page, type a name for your publication in the Pub- lication Name text box. Review the summary of your choices, and click Finish to create the publication. 15. Wait for the New Publication Wizard to create the publication. After it com- pletes, click Close. C1962271X.fm Page 712 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM Lesson 2: Setting Up Replication 713 The following code block shows the publication configuration script that the New Publication Wizard generates: Publication Configuration Script use [AdventureWorksRepl] exec sp_replicationdboption @dbname = N'AdventureWorksRepl' , @optname = N'publish' , @value = N'true' GO Adding the snapshot publication use [AdventureWorksRepl] exec sp_addpublication @publication = N'MSPressRepl' , @description = N'Snapshot publication of database ''AdventureWorksRepl'' from Publisher ''COMPUTERNAME''.' , @sync_method = N'native' , @retention = 0 , @allow_push = N'true' , @allow_pull = N'true' , @allow_anonymous = N'true' , @enabled_for_internet = N'false' , @snapshot_in_defaultfolder = N'true' , @compress_snapshot = N'false' , @ftp_port = 21 , @allow_subscription_copy = N'false' , @add_to_active_directory = N'false' , @repl_freq = N'snapshot' , @status = N'active' , @independent_agent = N'true' , @immediate_sync = N'true' , @allow_sync_tran = N'false' , @allow_queued_tran = N'false' , @allow_dts = N'false' , @replicate_ddl = 1 GO exec sp_addpublication_snapshot @publication = N'MSPressRepl' , @frequency_type = 4 , @frequency_interval = 1 , @frequency_relative_interval = 1 , @frequency_recurrence_factor = 0 , @frequency_subday = 1 , @frequency_subday_interval = 1 , @active_start_time_of_day = 0 , @active_end_time_of_day = 235959 , @active_start_date = 0 , @active_end_date = 0 , @job_login = null , @job_password = null , @publisher_security_mode = 1 use [AdventureWorksRepl] exec sp_addarticle @publication = N'MSPressRepl' , @article = N'SalesOrderDetail' , @source_owner = N'Sales' C1962271X.fm Page 713 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM 714 Chapter 19 Managing Replication , @source_object = N'SalesOrderDetail' , @type = N'logbased', @description = null , @creation_script = null , @pre_creation_cmd = N'drop' , @schema_option = 0x000000000803509D , @identityrangemanagementoption = N'manual' , @destination_table = N'SalesOrderDetail' , @destination_owner = N'Sales' , @vertical_partition = N'false' GO use [AdventureWorksRepl] exec sp_addarticle @publication = N'MSPressRepl' , @article = N'SalesOrderHeader' , @source_owner = N'Sales' , @source_object = N'SalesOrderHeader' , @type = N'logbased' , @description = null , @creation_script = null , @pre_creation_cmd = N'drop' , @schema_option = 0x000000000803509D , @identityrangemanagementoption = N'manual' , @destination_table = N'SalesOrderHeader' , @destination_owner = N'Sales' , @vertical_partition = N'false' GO As with the previous script for creating the Distributor, this script contains parameters that are specific to your environment. The script that the New Publication Wizard gen- erates uses four stored procedures to create the publication configuration. The first procedure, sp_replicationdboption, enables replication in a database. The parameter @optname supports the following values: merge publish for merge replication, publish for snapshot and transactional replication, subscribe for subscription, and sync with backup for a special type of transactional replication that forces backups of the trans- action log before sending transactions to the distribution database. The sp_addpublication stored procedure creates the publication when the publication type is snapshot or transactional. The @sync_method parameter specifies the format the bulk copy files use. Use native format when the replication includes only SQL Server subscriptions, and use character format when other platforms (such as Microsoft Office Access, Oracle, or IBM DB2) subscribe to the publication. You use the parameters @enabled_for_internet, @ftp_port, @ftp_address, @ftp_subdirectory, @ftp_login, and @ftp_password when subscribers use the Internet to connect for replicating the database. The @enabled_for_internet parameter enables the configuration, and the rest of the parameters set the configuration of the Snapshot folder. C1962271X.fm Page 714 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM Lesson 2: Setting Up Replication 715 The sp_addpublication_snapshot stored procedure configures the job that runs the Snapshot Agent. You configure the job schedule by using the following parameters: @frequency_type, @frequency_interval, @frequency_relative_interval, @frequency_recurrence_ factor, @frequency_subday, @frequency_subday_interval, @active_start_time_of_day, @active_ end_time_of_day, @active_start_date, and @active_end_date. In the sample script, the Snap- shot Agent job is set to run once a day every day. MORE INFO Schedules If you want a better understanding of the schedule parameters that the Snapshot Agent job uses, review the documentation about sp_add_schedule in SQL Server 2005 Books Online. To gain a good understanding of the parameter semantics, you can create a job with multiple schedules and generate a script to review the resulting parameter settings. The last three parameters of sp_addpublication_snapshot—@job_login, @job_password, and @publisher_security_mode—set the security context of the job. You will find more information about replication security in the next lesson. Finally, the sp_addarticle stored procedure is executed multiple times, once per article in the publication, to configure the database objects that will be published. You con- figure the publication, article name, and object to publish by using the parameters @publication, @article, @source_owner, and @source_object. When you want to create a script that configures a large number of articles with the same options, copy and paste this procedure, replacing the parameter values with the appropriate object names. The sp_addarticle @type parameter sets what will be published: the schema, the data, or the execution. For example, to publish table or view data, use the logbased value; to copy the schema of a stored procedure or view, use proc schema only or view schema only, respectively; and to replicate the execution of the stored procedure, use proc exec. NOTE Article types Some Subscribers support only certain article types. For example, non-SQL Server Subscribers do not support schema-only or stored procedure replication. So take your environment into consider- ation before specifying article types. How to Subscribe to the Publication The final step in the replication configuration process is configuring the Subscriber to receive the publication. To configure a subscription for a Subscriber, follow these steps: 1. Open SSMS. 2. Connect to the Publisher database engine instance. C1962271X.fm Page 715 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM [...]... 8 , @frequency_interval = 1 C 196 2271X.fm Page 718 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM 718 Chapter 19 , , , , , , , , , , Managing Replication @frequency_relative_interval = 1 @frequency_recurrence_factor = 1 @frequency_subday = 1 @frequency_subday_interval = 0 @active_start_time_of_day = 0 @active_end_time_of_day = 23 595 9 @active_start_date = 20060226 @active_end_date = 99 991 231 @enabled_for_syncmgr = N'False'... Distributor; SQL Server Will Create A Distribution Database And Log) C 196 2271X.fm Page 724 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM 724 Chapter 19 Managing Replication and then click Next This option provides steps to create the distribution database If you want to use a remote server, there is no need to create the distribution database IMPORTANT Additional steps if SQL Server Agent stops By default, replication uses SQL. .. uses SQL Server Agent jobs to execute replication agents If SQL Server Agent is stopped or configured for manual startup mode, the Configure Distribution Wizard will have to perform additional steps to start SQL Server Agent and to change its configuration to automatic 5 On the Snapshot folder page (see Figure 19- 9), set the path to C:\ReplicationPractice\ReplData and click Next Figure 19- 9 Configuring... type 2006-01-01 8 Click OK 9 Check that the procedure runs successfully and returns 88 rows Lesson Summary ■ You can use the SSMS Configure Distribution Wizard to configure SQL Server as a replication Publisher and/or Distributor The wizard also generates scripts for later deployment or documentation purposes C 196 2271X.fm Page 730 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM 730 Chapter 19 ■ Managing Replication... setup process Table 19- 1 summarizes the membership levels required to configure replication Table 19- 1 Member Levels Required to Set Up Replication Membership Level Task Publisher Subscriber Server Configure the Publisher and Distributor sysadmin - Database Enable publishing sysadmin - C 196 2271X.fm Page 732 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM 732 Chapter 19 Managing Replication Table 19- 1 Member Levels Required... Disable Publishing On This Server 16 Click Next C 196 2271X.fm Page 736 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM 736 Chapter 19 Managing Replication 17 On the Wizard Actions page, verify that the default option Disable Publishing And Distribution is selected and click Next 18 On the Complete The Wizard page, click Finish 19 After disabling publishing and distribution completes, click Close SQL Server has now removed... click Connect to connect to your server 4 Press Ctrl+H to display the Quick Replace dialog box C 196 2271X.fm Page 7 39 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM Lesson 3: Configuring Replication Security 7 39 5 In the Find What text box, type C:\ReplicationPractice\ReplData 6 In the Replace With text box, type \\COMPUTERNAME\ReplData (Replace COMPUTERNAME with the name of your server. ) You will configure a Network... folder C 196 2271X.fm Page 725 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM Lesson 2: Setting Up Replication 725 7 On the Enable Publishers page, review the authorized publishers Confirm that the local server is selected and click Next 8 On the Wizard Actions page, select both check boxes You will create the distribution database, configure the server, and create the script to document the configuration Click Next 9 On... own server From the Database drop-down list, select the SubsTesting database, which configures SubsTesting as the Subscriber database Click Next 7 On the Distribution Agent Security page, click the (…) button to configure the agent security context Use the following options: ❑ Select Run Under The SQL Server Agent Service Account C 196 2271X.fm Page 728 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM 728 Chapter 19 Managing... for the server or instance you want to subscribe to this publication From the Subscription Database drop-down list, select the database in which you want to store this publication (Click New Database if you want to create a new database for the subscription.) By clicking Add Subscriber, you can add SQL Server as well as non -SQL Server (Oracle and IBM DB2) Subscribers Click Next NOTE Non -SQL Server Subscribers . data and log files, as Figure 19- 7 shows. By default, SQL Server names this database distribution and places it in the Program Files Microsoft SQL Server MSSQL.xMSSQLData folder, where x is. can add SQL Server as well as non -SQL Server (Oracle and IBM DB2) Subscribers. Click Next. NOTE Non -SQL Server Subscribers The Subscription Wizard in SSMS provides support only for SQL Server, . the transactions within the maximum specified C 196 2271X.fm Page 7 09 Friday, April 29, 2005 8:04 PM 710 Chapter 19 Managing Replication period, SQL Server marks the subscription as inactive, and